Public bug reported:

We are able to trigger a kernel oops in the btrfs code from userspace:

[   46.597006] Kernel panic - not syncing: kernel: panic_on_warn set ...
[   46.597474] CPU: 0 PID: 1316 Comm: (sd-clean) Not tainted 6.8.0-50-generic 
#51-Ubuntu
[   46.597660] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 
1.16.3-3.fc41 04/01/2014
[   46.597882] Call Trace:
[   46.597948]  <TASK>
[   46.598028]  dump_stack_lvl+0x27/0xa0
[   46.598115]  dump_stack+0x10/0x20
[   46.598222]  panic+0x366/0x3c0
[   46.598319]  ? btrfs_remove_qgroup+0x271/0x490 [btrfs]
[   46.598517]  check_panic_on_warn+0x4f/0x60
[   46.598609]  __warn+0x95/0x160
[   46.598703]  ? btrfs_remove_qgroup+0x271/0x490 [btrfs]
[   46.598932]  report_bug+0x17e/0x1b0
[   46.599245]  handle_bug+0x51/0xa0
[   46.599414]  exc_invalid_op+0x18/0x80
[   46.599645]  asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1b/0x20
[   46.599794] RIP: 0010:btrfs_remove_qgroup+0x271/0x490 [btrfs]
[   46.600073] Code: c0 0f 85 27 fe ff ff 48 8b 43 b0 4c 39 f0 75 d5 4d 8d b5 
e0 08 00 00 4c 89 f7 e8 8a 45 19 e2 48 83 7b 98 00 0f 84 52 01 00 00 <0f> 0b 49 
8b 45 10 a8 10 74 42 41 f6 85 d0 08 00 00 0c 75 38 48 83
[   46.600516] RSP: 0018:ffffa0a0c30b3d58 EFLAGS: 00010206
[   46.600640] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff958787663cb8 RCX: 0000000000000000
[   46.600826] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[   46.601025] RBP: ffffa0a0c30b3dc0 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[   46.601199] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00ff00000000010f
[   46.601385] R13: ffff95878b730000 R14: ffff95878b7308e0 R15: 0000000000000000
[   46.601579]  ? btrfs_remove_qgroup+0x266/0x490 [btrfs]
[   46.601867]  btrfs_ioctl+0x12b9/0x13a0 [btrfs]
[   46.602100]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[   46.602575]  ? __seccomp_filter+0x368/0x570
[   46.602696]  ? __fput+0x15e/0x2e0
[   46.602993]  __x64_sys_ioctl+0xa3/0xf0
[   46.603143]  x64_sys_call+0x12a3/0x25a0
[   46.603379]  do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
[   46.603557]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[   46.603680]  ? do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x180
[   46.603774]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[   46.603898]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x86/0x260
[   46.604043]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[   46.604155]  ? do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x180
[   46.604248]  ? do_syscall_64+0x8c/0x180
[   46.604341]  ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
[   46.604693]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
[   46.605029] RIP: 0033:0x7c2fbeb24ded
[   46.605283] Code: 04 25 28 00 00 00 48 89 45 c8 31 c0 48 8d 45 10 c7 45 b0 
10 00 00 00 48 89 45 b8 48 8d 45 d0 48 89 45 c0 b8 10 00 00 00 0f 05 <89> c2 3d 
00 f0 ff ff 77 1a 48 8b 45 c8 64 48 2b 04 25 28 00 00 00
[   46.606374] RSP: 002b:00007ffe3e103770 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 
0000000000000010
[   46.607365] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007c2fbeb24ded
[   46.607872] RDX: 00007ffe3e1037d0 RSI: 000000004010942a RDI: 0000000000000016
[   46.608856] RBP: 00007ffe3e1037c0 R08: 0000000000000069 R09: 0000000000000000
[   46.609477] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000016
[   46.609672] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00ff00000000010f R15: 0000000000000016
[   46.609862]  </TASK>
[   46.611054] Kernel Offset: 0x20600000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation 
range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)

This happens on Ubuntu Noble since the kernel update to 6.8.0-50-generic
which was promoted from proposed to updates this week, it did not happen
before. The upstream systemd CI on Github reproduces this issue
consistently, e.g.:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/actions/runs/12297539029/job/34318915884?pr=35589

It also happens on the newest upstream kernel, and was reproduced with
the same backtrace on Archlinux too. It was bisected to one of the
following upstream BTRFS commits listed in this Github comment:

https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/35567#issuecomment-2538160543

A fix has been proposed by SUSE and tested on Archlinux, and confirmed
to solve the crash:

https://github.com/btrfs/linux/commit/c61ffaa0a3d9a2094e24d1fe2b17f20e109d2cc8

Note that this fix has been tested on Archlinux, not on Ubuntu. But we
are confident it's the same issue.

** Affects: linux (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

** Affects: linux (Ubuntu Noble)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New

** Summary changed:

- BTRFS kernel panic
+ BTRFS kernel panic on btrfs_remove_qgroup

** Also affects: linux (Ubuntu Noble)
   Importance: Undecided
       Status: New

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2091719

Title:
  BTRFS kernel panic on btrfs_remove_qgroup

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