My takeaway from the above is that the daemon service itself still runs
as root, just the group name changes, so for the specific scenario
raised in question #2 it looks like the daemon's read access to root
only files like shadow would be unaffected.  Similarly, the issue I
raised in "Where Problems May Occur" due to root ownership of files in
/var/run/saslauthd would not be exhibited by read (or write) errors by
the daemon itself.

Indeed, it appears the contents of /var/run/saslauthd are cleared when
the daemon stops, or is restarted, so if there *was* an issue with files
in the run directory it should present immediately at service
stop/start/restart:

$ sudo systemctl stop saslauthd
$ sudo ls /var/run/saslauthd/ -l
ls: cannot access '/var/run/saslauthd/': No such file or directory

$ sudo systemctl start saslauthd
$ sudo ls /var/run/saslauthd/ -l
total 968
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 cache.flock
-rw------- 1 root sasl 986112 Oct  3 16:38 cache.mmap
srwxrwxrwx 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 mux
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 mux.accept
-rw------- 1 root sasl      6 Oct  3 16:38 saslauthd.pid

$ sudo systemctl restart saslauthd
$ sudo ls /var/run/saslauthd/ -l
total 968
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 cache.flock
-rw------- 1 root sasl 986112 Oct  3 16:38 cache.mmap
srwxrwxrwx 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 mux
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:38 mux.accept
-rw------- 1 root sasl      6 Oct  3 16:38 saslauthd.pid


$ sleep 60
$ sudo systemctl restart saslauthd
$ sudo ls /var/run/saslauthd/ -l
total 968
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 cache.flock
-rw------- 1 root sasl 986112 Oct  3 16:39 cache.mmap
srwxrwxrwx 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 mux
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 mux.accept
-rw------- 1 root sasl      6 Oct  3 16:39 saslauthd.pid

$ sleep 120
$ sudo ls /var/run/saslauthd/ -l
total 968
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 cache.flock
-rw------- 1 root sasl 986112 Oct  3 16:39 cache.mmap
srwxrwxrwx 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 mux
-rw------- 1 root sasl      0 Oct  3 16:39 mux.accept
-rw------- 1 root sasl      6 Oct  3 16:39 saslauthd.pid

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2078851

Title:
  saslauthd wrong permission of /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd

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