It is my own desktop, so I can do some experiments.

I have tried numerous versions and have found that the last version it works on 
(with no modifications on a fresh install) is 21.10, I tried 20.04 (with zero 
updates) and 20.04.4 (with and without updates) and both of them exhibit the 
same result as 24.04.
So the break is somewhere between Impish and Jammy.

I appreciate all the help :) Let me know if there is anything else I can
be testing.

** Description changed:

- On an almost fresh install of Ubuntu 24.04, with dmraid installed. When 
booting the RAID array is detected and up, but the partitions inside of it are 
not detected and I have to manually run `sudo kpartx -a 
/dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1` to make them appear correctly.
- This is a regression from Ubuntu 20.04, where it just works at boot.
+ On an almost fresh install of Ubuntu any version between 22.04 to 24.04, with 
dmraid installed. When booting the RAID array is detected and up, but the 
partitions inside of it are not detected and I have to manually run `sudo 
kpartx -a /dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1` to make them appear correctly.
+ This is a regression, as from Ubuntu 20.04 to 21.10, it just works at boot.
  Seemingly kpartx-boot is what is meant to make it just work at boot.
  
  --- MORE INFO ---
  
  It is the same PC, I have the installs side by side on the same boot disk (to 
clarify, my boot drive is not under RAID).
  I am using Intel Rapid Storage Technology configured in my BIOS and dmraid (I 
briefly tried mdadm, but it didn't work in my 15 minutes of trying).
  
  A summary of the difference between the two OSes is at the bottom.
  
  ## For Ubuntu 20.04, where it is working ##
  
  `dmsetup --version`:
  ```
  Library version:   1.02.167 (2019-11-30)
  Driver version:    4.45.0
  ```
  
  `dmraid --version`:
  ```
  dmraid version:               1.0.0.rc16 (2009.09.16) shared
  dmraid library version:       1.0.0.rc16 (2009.09.16)
  device-mapper version:        4.45.0
  ```
  
  `lsmod | grep 'raid'` produces no output.
  
  `lsmod | grep 'dm_'`:
  ```
  dm_mirror              24576  0
  dm_region_hash         24576  1 dm_mirror
  dm_log                 20480  2 dm_region_hash,dm_mirror
  ```
  
  `dmraid -r`:
  ```
  /dev/sda: isw, "isw_caiggcbbj", GROUP, ok, 468862126 sectors, data@ 0
  /dev/sdb: isw, "isw_caiggcbbj", GROUP, ok, 468862126 sectors, data@ 0
  ```
  
  `dmraid -s`:
  ```
  *** Group superset isw_caiggcbbj
  --> Active Subset
  name   : isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  size   : 937714176
  stride : 128
  type   : stripe
  status : ok
  subsets: 0
  devs   : 2
  spares : 0
  ```
  
  `dmsetup ls`:
  ```
  isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1 (253:0)
  isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1       (253:2)
  ```
  
  `ls -l /dev/mapper/`:
  ```
  total 0
  crw------- 1 root root  10, 236 Jul 31 19:40 control
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,   1 Jul 31 19:40 isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        7 Jul 31 19:40 isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1 -> 
../dm-2
  ```
  
  `lsblk`:
  ```
  NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE   MOUNTPOINT
  sda                           8:0    0 223.6G  0 disk
  └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1     253:1    0 447.1G  0 dmraid
    └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1 253:2    0 447.1G  0 part   /media/ben/SSD_ext4
  sdb                           8:16   0 223.6G  0 disk
  └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1     253:1    0 447.1G  0 dmraid
    └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1 253:2    0 447.1G  0 part   /media/ben/SSD_ext4
  ```
  
  `fdisk -l`:
  ```
  Disk /dev/sda: 223.58 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
  Disk model: TCSUNBOW X3 240G
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  Disklabel type: dos
  Disk identifier: 0x00000000
  
  Device   Boot Start    End  Sectors  Size Id Type
  /dev/sda1      1 468862127 468862127 223.6G ee GPT
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 223.58 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
  Disk model: TCSUNBOW X3 240G
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  
  Disk /dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1: 447.14 GiB, 480109658112 bytes, 
937714176 sectors
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 131072 bytes
  Disklabel type: gpt
  Disk identifier: BEA6AF5B-DF82-4D02-BD4A-1027B795151F
  
  Device                              Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
  /dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1  2048 937713663 937711616 447.1G Linux 
filesystem
  ```
  
  `journalctl -b | grep -i "raid\|dm-\d\|isw"`:
  ```
  Jul 31 19:40:34 Ubentu-Desktop kernel: device-mapper: ioctl: 4.45.0-ioctl 
(2021-03-22) initialised: [email protected]
  Jul 31 19:40:34 Ubentu-Desktop kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: AHCI 0001.0301 32 
slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x3f impl RAID mode
  Jul 31 19:40:34 Ubentu-Desktop dmraid-activate[806]: ERROR: Cannot retrieve 
RAID set information for isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  Jul 31 19:40:34 Ubentu-Desktop dmraid-activate[962]: ERROR: Cannot retrieve 
RAID set information for isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  Jul 31 19:40:36 Ubentu-Desktop udisksd[1270]: failed to load module mdraid: 
libbd_mdraid.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  Jul 31 19:40:36 Ubentu-Desktop udisksd[1270]: Failed to load the 'mdraid' 
libblockdev plugin
  ```
  
  ## And then for Ubuntu 24.04, where it is not working ##
  
  `dmsetup --version`:
  ```
  Library version:   1.02.185 (2022-05-18)
  Driver version:    4.48.0
  ```
  
  `dmraid --version`:
  ```
  dmraid version:               1.0.0.rc16 (2009.09.16) shared
  dmraid library version:       1.0.0.rc16 (2009.09.16)
  device-mapper version:        4.48.0
  ```
  
  `lsmod | grep 'raid'` is the same as for Ubuntu 20.04 (no output).
  
  `lsmod | grep 'dm_'` is the same as for Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  `dmraid -r` is the same as for Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  `dmraid -s` is the same as for Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  `dmsetup ls`:
  ```
  isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1 (252:0)
  ```
  
  `ls -l /dev/mapper/`:
  ```
  crw------- 1 root root  10, 236 Jul 31 20:11 control
  brw-rw---- 1 root disk 252,   0 Jul 31 20:11 isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  ```
  
  `lsblk`:
  ```
  NAME                    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE   MOUNTPOINTS
  sda                       8:0    0 223.6G  0 disk
  └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1 252:0    0 447.1G  0 dmraid
  sdb                       8:16   0 223.6G  0 disk
  └─isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1 252:0    0 447.1G  0 dmraid
  ```
  
  `fdisk -l`:
  ```
  Disk /dev/sda: 223.57 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
  Disk model: TCSUNBOW X3 240G
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  Disklabel type: dos
  Disk identifier: 0x00000000
  
  Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
  /dev/sda1           1 468862127 468862127 223.6G ee GPT
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 223.57 GiB, 240057409536 bytes, 468862128 sectors
  Disk model: TCSUNBOW X3 240G
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  
  Disk /dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1: 447.14 GiB, 480109658112 bytes, 
937714176 sectors
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 131072 bytes
  Disklabel type: gpt
  Disk identifier: BEA6AF5B-DF82-4D02-BD4A-1027B795151F
  
  Device                                  Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
  /dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1-part1  2048 937713663 937711616 447.1G 
Linux filesystem
  ```
  
  `journalctl -b | grep -i "raid\|dm-\d\|isw"`:
  ```
  Jul 31 19:12:19 Ubentu-Desktop-24-04 kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: AHCI 
0001.0301 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x3f impl RAID mode
  Jul 31 19:12:19 Ubentu-Desktop-24-04 (udev-worker)[468]: dm-0: Process 
'/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/dm-0' failed with 
exit code 1.
  Jul 31 19:12:19 Ubentu-Desktop-24-04 dmraid-activate[668]: ERROR: Cannot 
retrieve RAID set information for isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  Jul 31 19:12:19 Ubentu-Desktop-24-04 dmraid-activate[711]: ERROR: Cannot 
retrieve RAID set information for isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1
  ```
  
  ## Summary of differences ##
  
  - Version update of device-mapper.
  - The partition is not showing up in 24.04 (i.e. this bug).
  - `fdisk -l` is reporting that the partition should be 
"/dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1-part1" instead of 
"/dev/mapper/isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1" (suffix change) on 24.04 vs 20.04 
(respectivly). After running the `kpartx` command on 24.04 this does "correct 
itself" and the partition is mapped as "isw_caiggcbbj_Volume1p1".
  - Both "/dev/dm-1" for the RAID array, but when I run the `kpartx` command on 
24.04 the device for the partition becomes "dm-0" (instead of "dm-2" like on 
20.04).
  - The major device number changes from 253 on 20.04 to 252 on 24.04. Although 
if I am not mistaken, this just means it's in the dynamic range, so doesn't 
mean anything.
  - There is an additional error message on 24.04 - "(udev-worker)[468]: dm-0: 
Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/dm-0' 
failed with exit code 1".
  
  ## Things I've tried ##
  
  1. `apt update && apt upgrade`
  2. Rebooting many times (to check for an obvious race condition).
  3. `update-initramfs -u` (although this was already done when installing 
dmraid / kpartx-boot).
  
  --- --- ---
  
  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 24.04
  Package: kpartx 0.9.4-5ubuntu8
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 6.8.0-39.39-generic 6.8.8
  Uname: Linux 6.8.0-39-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.28.1-0ubuntu3
  Architecture: amd64
  CasperMD5CheckResult: pass
  CurrentDesktop: ubuntu:GNOME
  Date: Wed Jul 31 23:40:55 2024
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2024-07-31 (0 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS "Noble Numbat" - Release amd64 (20240424)
  ProcEnviron:
   LANG=en_US.UTF-8
   PATH=(custom, no user)
   SHELL=/bin/bash
   TERM=xterm-256color
  SourcePackage: multipath-tools
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2075442

Title:
  RAID partitions not auto detected at boot

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