Looking at this again, I believe this bug may have been fixed (or at
least mitigated) in Sage 9.1, which introduced some changes to the
`sage` entrypoint around the `exec` commands I identified in my original
report. More specifically the changes introduced by this commit:
https://github.com/sagemath/sage/commit/248c13b542b12521bd91d6648bd6220fb7593a26
(tied to this ticket on the sagemath tracker:
https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/29627)

If I change `exec python3` in `/usr/bin/sage` to `exec
"$SAGE_PYTHON"/bin/python3` (i.e. apply the changes in the linked
commit), sage does load up successfully even if a virtual environment is
active (i.e. if `python3` points somewhere other than
`/usr/bin/python3`). IPython does still issue a warning about the active
venv, but sage is able to successfully start. Not sure if there is any
interest in a backport here, or even if this package is under active
maintenance in Ubuntu, but thought I'd share some more information about
the problem upstream.

I should also note that on 22.04 (sage 9.5), sage does not start when a
venv is active, although the error report is substantially longer and it
appears to be a separate issue.

** Bug watch added: trac.sagemath.org/ #29627
   https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/29627

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1960459

Title:
  Sage cannot be launched if `python3` does not point to system
  interpreter

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