It turns out it was an error in my test; see https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=98151
** Bug watch added: GCC Bugzilla #98151 https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=98151 -- You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu Bugs, which is subscribed to Ubuntu. https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1832132 Title: incorrect results for g++ -std=c++11 -O3 -DNDEBUG To manage notifications about this bug go to: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-defaults/+bug/1832132/+subscriptions -- ubuntu-bugs mailing list ubuntu-bugs@lists.ubuntu.com https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-bugs