>Not sure if your suggestion is aimed at me

Yes :) The package can probably be updated, but the bug report will need
some additional details first.

I understand some of the concepts can be confusing. I've written a short
overview to explain some terms.

At its core, Ubuntu is based on the same packages as Debian, though some may 
have additional Ubuntu-only changes. This means that most newer versions first 
land in Debian (Sid) and then make their way into the development version of 
Ubuntu (currently Hirsute) In the case where Debian has packaged a newer 
version, the version numbers may look something like this:
Debian: 1.1
Ubuntu: 1.0
In this case Ubuntu will see that Debian has a newer version and update to it, 
so that Ubuntu also includes 1.1. This is what is known as a sync, which is 
taking a package from Debian and adding it to the archive. For the majority of 
the development cycle this is done automatically, but as the release approaches 
need to be requested manually as mentioned earlier.

So that's the easy case. For other packages, Ubuntu has added some patches 
either fixing issues (sometimes this takes shorter time than waiting for an 
update from Debian) or branding or something Ubuntu-specific:
Debian: 1.1
Ubuntu: 1.0ubuntu1
This is where it gets tricky, because you cannot tell by the version number 
alone if version 1.1 contains all the necessary changes in 1.0ubuntu1. These 
are not synced automatically. A human needs to look at the new version and 
decide if the Ubuntu changes are still needed. If they are, a new package is 
prepared with the new changes from Debian AND the changes in Ubuntu, typically 
resulting in 1.1ubuntu1. This is known as a merge, because the changes are 
merged together. Alternativly, if the Ubuntu-changes can be dropped (often 
because Debian has included the fixes in the new version) the package can be 
synced. 

You can always tell if a package has additional Ubuntu-changes and a
merge might be required if the version number contains "ubuntu". Since
the existing Ubuntu-changes prevents an automatic sync, the package
won't be updated until someone has checked whether it needs to be merged
or synced depending on what the new version contains.

An upload is basically when you add a new version of a package you have
prepared. This requires special permissions, but the rest of us can
request it by subscribing the ubuntu-sponsors team and they can do it
for you.

Let me know if things are still unclear :)

With that in place, let's look at this again
>An explicit sync is not necessary, when
>   we're before DebianImportFreeze (check ReleaseSchedule) and
>    our version of the package has no Ubuntu changes
>    and the Debian package is in sid (in testing for LTS releases of Ubuntu)

As you mention, the package is in Sid and Hirsute is not currently in
Freeze, so thats good. However, 22~exp1ubuntu4 means the packages does
contain Ubuntu changes so as in the general case above we need to know
whether it should be merge or if it can simply be synced. Luckily,
comment #2 did the checking and concluded the Ubuntu changes are no
longer needed, therefore it can be synced. The remaining part is
updating the bug report with some details (take a look at the bullet
points under "Content of a sync request" and subscribing ubuntu-sponsors
since they are the ones who need to push the "sync"-button in order to
pull in the new version.

Also, the `syncpackage` tool is used by the sponsors, so I don't know
how it works. You can take a look at `requestsync` which shows a
template for requesting syncs and allow you to read through it and make
changes before deciding whether to submit it or not :)

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1897394

Title:
  Please sync gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 (10.1.0-3+23) from debian Bullseye

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