Spent some time debugging this and I found some interesting bits. I was
able to reproduce this by deploying a xenial-queens environment with
VXLAN and the OVS firewall. Investigating this, here is what I found:

1) This module is first loaded on the compute nodes when libvirt-bin is
installed. This package's postinst script creates the default libvirt
network, so when libvirt service is enabled it will create some rules on
iptables for this network, which will load the nf_conntrack_ipv4 module.

2) At some point during the configuration of the environment, this
default network is destroyed (I'm still investigating who is doing this,
but makes sense since nova/neutron won't use the default libvirt
network), so those iptables rules won't be added anymore on libvirt
service startup, so what was previously loading the module, won't do it.

3) Neutron relies on conntrack for the OVS firewall to work. It's on the
documentation: https://docs.openstack.org/newton/networking-guide
/config-ovsfwdriver.html

4) As pointed on the bug description, OVS complains whenever the module
is not loaded, so we can assume that it's not its responsibility to load
it.

In my opinion this is something that neutron-ovs-agent should be
loading, since the OVS firewall requires conntrack to work and OVS
complains that it is not loaded.

It would be interesting to see how (if) this works on different
openstack deployments.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1834213

Title:
  After kernel upgrade, nf_conntrack_ipv4 module unloaded, no IP traffic
  to instances

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