1)  e2fsck (which is what fsck.ext[234] is hard linked to) is designed
to be safe when getting interrupted by ^C

2)  The all kernel code uses the same address space.   So if there is a
wild pointer in the Nvidia driver scribbles on random kernel memory,
literally anything can happen.  There is a reason why upstream kerenl
developers will generally refuse to debug a kernel crash where the
kernel is "tainted" by using a proprietary closed source kernel module.
The kernel oops has a taint flag specifically because buggy video
drivers in particular have historically been responsible for a huge
number of failures that were at first not obviously related to the video
driver, and upstream kernel developers wasted a lot of time before
concluding: try again without any closed source modules loaded; we
refuse to debug a tainted kernel.

And before you ask why not put the Nvidia driver in a separate address
space --- Microsoft tried this a long time ago with the version of
Windows NT --- and the resulting video performance was sooooo awful that
the first version of Windows NT was a complete failure, and they had to
reverse course and allow video drivers to run in the same address space.
Linux cares about performance as well, and besides, we have zero
interest in enabling crappy closed-source drivers, especially those from
video card companies.   Personally, I use laptops with Intel video
chips, since that allows me to use 100% open source kernel.

3)   It may be possible to recover the data by using e2fsck and debugfs,
if you can find someone with ext4 skills who is willing to give you some
free consulting time.    Alternatively, you can try using photorec,
which is one of the better tools for scanning the raw partition and
finding and recongizing various data formats.  It was originally
designed to find image files (hence photorec), but it has since been
extended to support a huge number of document types, including
Libreoffice, Microsoft Office, etc., etc.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1375640

Title:
  fsck should do some sanity checks to avoid damaging an ext3/ext4 file
  system

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