The default install of Ubuntu fills in  /etc/hostname  with only the
host name and not any of the DNS domain name parts.


For Ubuntu 13.10 the following is noted:
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/saucy/man1/hostname.1.html

/etc/hostname  Historically  this file was supposed to only contain the
       hostname and not the full canonical FQDN.  Nowadays  most  software  is
       able  to  cope with a full FQDN here. This file is read at boot time by
       the system initialization scripts to set the hostname.


For Ubutnu 12.04 the following is noted:
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man1/hostname.1.html

   /etc/hostname  This  file  should only contain the hostname and not the
       full FQDN.


So the issue is how  /etc/hostname  is treated and that bash uses the
value provided by how the distro set it up.

Ubuntu 13.10 still leaves out the FQDN in /etc/hostname when you
install.

It'd be useful if the bash man page stated something like:

     \h
     The hostname, up to the first ‘.’.

     \H
     The hostname.  Depending on the distro this may or may not contain the 
domain name or FQDN.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1276796

Title:
  bash fails to provide FQDN for PS1 with \H

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