After some sleuthing, the specific command it was failing on was:
$ grub-probe --device /dev/mapper/vg_thinkpad-lv_root_maverick
--target=abstraction
grub-probe: error: Couldn't find PV pv1. Check your device.map.
I realized that grub should not care about lvm with a separate /boot
partition. When I initially installed, I was lvm-only, without a
separate /boot. Before converting to lvm on luks I created a physical
partition to house /boot.
/boot/grub/grub.cfg still contained an "insmod lvm" line, and it appears
that update-grub parses and preserves this value.
`rm /boot/grub/grub.cfg && update-grub` properly generates a new file
without the 'lvm' directive.
I'm marking this bug as invalid.
** Changed in: grub2 (Ubuntu)
Status: New => Invalid
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update-grub fails when LVM PV exists on an encrypted partition
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/667060
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