It's clear from the logs that your hard disk (hdb) is having problems and that this is the cause of the failure. More recent versions of the installer will respond with this message instead of a crash:
Failed to copy files; faulty hard disk? The installer encountered an error copying files to the hard disk: IOError: [Errno 30] Read-only file system This particular error is often due to a faulty hard disk. It may help to check whether the hard disk is old and in need of replacement, or to move the system to a cooler environment. ** Changed in: ubiquity (Ubuntu) Assignee: (unassigned) => Colin Watson Status: Needs Info => Rejected -- Installation Problem IOError: [Errno 30] Read-only file system https://launchpad.net/bugs/76660 -- ubuntu-bugs mailing list ubuntu-bugs@lists.ubuntu.com https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-bugs