>>> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators >>> > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > simple example of calling a class > > class myKlass(object): > > def __call__(self, *args, **kws): > print "i was called" > > >>> test = myKlass() > >>> test() > i was called
close. the example was right, but the description wasn't accurate... you meant, "calling an instance." i'm going to plagarize and rip this right out of section 14.1.4 from "Core Python Programming:" "Python provides the __call__() special method for classes, which allows a programmer to create objects (instances) that are callable. By default, the __call__() method is not implemented, meaning that most instances are not callable. However, if this method is overridden in a class deļ¬nition, instances of such a class are made callable. Calling such instance objects is equivalent to invoking the __call__() method. Naturally, any arguments given in the instance call are passed as arguments to __call__()." as far as decorators go, kent's tutorial is great place to start. here are 2 more articles plus PEP 318, where they were defined: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cpdecor.html http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808 http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318 in addition, i devoted section 11.3.6 of Core Python to decorators. finally, it should be mentioned that starting in 2.6, you can now decorate *classes*, as seen here in PEP 3129: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3129/ hope this helps! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
