> What values represent true in Python? good question. let's look at it from the other way as it's easier:
a Boolean False value is any zero or empty container while True is anything *other* than those values. at the risk of plagarizing myself, here is a clip from chapter 4 of "Core Python:" CORE NOTE: Boolean values All standard type objects can be tested for truth value and compared to objects of the same type. Objects have inherent True or False values. Objects take a False value when they are empty, any numeric representation of zero, or the Null object, None. The following are defined as having false values in Python: • None • False (Boolean) • 0 (integer) • 0.0 (float) • 0L (long integer) • 0.0+0.0j (complex) • "" (empty string) • [] (empty list) • () (empty tuple) • {} (empty dictionary) (• other empty objects) Any value for an object other than the those above is considered to have a true value, i.e., non-empty, non-zero, etc. User-created class instances have a false value when their nonzero (__nonzero__()) or length (__len__()) special methods, if defined, return a zero value. hope this helps! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor