Just to catch the bug report up with the IRC discussion:

<vorlon> we got away with it in casper because we knew there weren't going to 
be 899 IDs allocated in this range in the installer context, and the casper 
user goes away post-install
<vorlon> systemd doesn't statically set them, it allocates them using "first 
available" ID at boot time; however, it seems to start checking "first 
available" from the other direction
<vorlon> from a policy perspective, I think the biggest bug is: policy says to 
use adduser; adduser has a config file that lets the admin change the allowed 
range (to subset it, perhaps, for compatibility with "legacy" IDs shared across 
an authentication domain); systemd doesn't honor adduser.conf but instead has 
its limit hard-coded at build time
<enr0n> vorlon: I'll look into the adduser.conf piece specifically. But note 
that we as a distro can configure systemd's boundaries at build time
<vorlon> enr0n: yes, but the disconnect is with it not honoring changes 
specified by the admin at runtime

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2004092

Title:
  casper fails to add any users because GID 999 is already taken

Status in casper package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  This bug is due to the latest systemd upload in Ubuntu. systemd-
  journald now uses GID 999, when casper explicitly sets the live user
  to that UID and GID.

  Rather than going through the painstaking task of updating systemd to
  use a *different* user, let's just update casper to use 1000, which is
  the first dynamically-allocated user account per Debian Policy[1].

  [1] https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html#uid-and-
  gid-classes

  [ Original Report ]

  Normally, when one first boots a live ISO, a desktop automatically
  appears, asking users if they want to try or install Ubuntu (or, in
  the case of Lubuntu, they are simply dropped into a working desktop
  with an installation desktop icon available). As of the Lubuntu ISO on
  January 27, 2023, this has stopped occuring. Plymouth shows the
  initial boot animation, but the user is then dropped to a solid black
  screen. No user input is accepted. Attempting to switch to a TTY and
  sign in fails with the default "lubuntu" username and a blank password
  (the error "Login incorrect" is displayed).

  On Ubuntu Desktop, the behavior is even stranger. Rather than being
  shown a "Try or Install Ubuntu" screen, an initial system setup wizard
  appears that takes the user through the process of creating a user
  account. On a live ISO. Only after this wizard is finished does the
  "Try or Install Ubuntu" screen appear. Attempting to log into a TTY
  using the default "ubuntu" username and a blank password fails the
  same way as Lubuntu does, if done before the wizard is finished.
  However, one can log into a TTY if they finish the wizard and then
  attempt to log into the TTY using the credentials provided during user
  account setup.

  This issue affects at least the Lubuntu ISOs as of January 27, 2023,
  and the Ubuntu Desktop ISO at least as of January 28, 2023 (it is
  assumed that the 27th ISO for Ubuntu Desktop is also broken). The ISO
  from the 26th is most likely unaffected as there is successful testing
  information for Lubuntu on the 26th, so something likely happened
  between the 26th and the 27th to cause this breakage.

  Steps to reproduce:

  1. Download the latest Lunar daily ISO of Ubuntu Desktop or Lubuntu.
  2. Boot the ISO (hardware is irrelevant - this appears to occur on both 
physical and virtual hardware).

  For Lubuntu:

  3. Wait until you are dropped to a black, blank screen.
  4. Wait a while, then attempt to switch to a TTY and attempt to log in using 
"lubuntu" as the username and a blank password. The login attempt will be 
denied.

  For Ubuntu Desktop:

  3. Wait until you are provided with an initial system setup wizard.
  4. Switch to a TTY and attempt to log in using "ubuntu" as the username and a 
blank password. The login attempt will be denied.
  5. Switch back to the system setup wizard, and complete it.
  6. After completing the wizard, switch to a TTY again and attempt to log in 
using the credentials provided to the wizard. The login attempt will be 
successful.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/casper/+bug/2004092/+subscriptions


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