Thank you for your reply. In fact this is what I'm failing to. Only
manual installation helps. Maybe apt cannot distinguish what is higher
version or it is not in repo. I redo the excercises once again:

apt update
Hit:1 http://repo.steampowered.com/steam precise InRelease
Ign:2 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty InRelease                      
                                                
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/3v1n0/libfprint-vfs0090/ubuntu xenial InRelease  
                                                
Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                         
                                                
Hit:5 http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty Release                        
                                                
Ign:6 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease                       
                                                
Hit:7 http://ppa.launchpad.net/alessandro-strada/ppa/ubuntu xenial InRelease    
                                                
Hit:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security InRelease              
                                                
Get:9 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release [3 829 B]               
                                                
Hit:10 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease                         
                                                
Hit:11 http://linux.teamviewer.com/deb preview InRelease                        
                                                
Get:12 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release.gpg [819 B]            
                                                
Hit:13 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease                              
                                                
Hit:14 http://ppa.launchpad.net/jonathonf/firefox-esr/ubuntu xenial InRelease   
       
Hit:15 https://packages.microsoft.com/ubuntu/16.04/prod xenial InRelease        
                     
Hit:16 http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/libreoffice-5-4/ubuntu xenial 
InRelease                                             
Hit:18 http://ppa.launchpad.net/samoilov-lex/aftl-stable/ubuntu xenial 
InRelease                                                
Hit:19 http://ocdc.hursley.ibm.com/ocdc xenial-safe InRelease                   
                                                
Get:20 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable/main amd64 Packages [1 372 B]
Get:21 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable/main i386 Packages [1 373 B]
Fetched 7 393 B in 1s (6 197 B/s)                           
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
1 package can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see it.
W: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/InRelease: 
Signature by key 630239CC130E1A7FD81A27B140976EAF437D05B5 uses weak digest 
algorithm (SHA1)


apt search bsdtar
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
bsdtar/now 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 amd64 [installed,local]
  Implementation of the 'tar' program from FreeBSD

node-tar/xenial,xenial,now 1.0.3-2 all [installed,automatic]
  read and write portable tar archives module for Node.js


dpkg -r bsdtar
(Reading database ... 461573 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing bsdtar (3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...



apt install bsdtar
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 bsdtar : Depends: libarchive13 (= 3.1.2-11build1) but 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 
is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.


wget 
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libarchive/bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb
--2018-04-24 01:39:05--  
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libarchive/bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb
Resolving security.ubuntu.com (security.ubuntu.com)... 91.189.91.26, 
91.189.91.23, 91.189.88.162, ...
Connecting to security.ubuntu.com (security.ubuntu.com)|91.189.91.26|:80... 
connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 47878 (47K) [application/x-debian-package]
Saving to: ‘bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb’

bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_a
100%[=======================================================>]  46,76K
167KB/s    in 0,3s

2018-04-24 01:39:06 (167 KB/s) -
‘bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb’ saved [47878/47878]


apt install ./bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'bsdtar' instead of './bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb'
Suggested packages:
  bsdcpio
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bsdtar
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/47,9 kB of archives.
After this operation, 106 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 /tmp/bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb bsdtar amd64 
3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 [47,9 kB]
Selecting previously unselected package bsdtar.
(Reading database ... 461567 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bsdtar (3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up bsdtar (3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3) ...


Probably version
3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 is not considered as higher as
3.1.2-11build1 .
I'm not sure which sort is used. If alphanum, than ok, of letters removed, than 
build1 bigger. If string shrink with first letter, than they are equal.

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu
Touch seeded packages, which is subscribed to libarchive in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1765646

Title:
  Ubuntu 16.04 - issue with bsdtar package installation

Status in libarchive package in Ubuntu:
  Incomplete

Bug description:
  apt install bsdtar fails with dependency issue on 16.04:

  
  root@czz17163-laptop:~/scripts# apt-get install bsdtar
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
  requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
  distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
  or been moved out of Incoming.
  The following information may help to resolve the situation:

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   bsdtar : Depends: libarchive13 (= 3.1.2-11build1) but 
3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 is to be installed
  E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

  
  Solution:

  Include in repository the bsdtar package from 
https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/amd64/bsdtar/download
  (wget 
http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/liba/libarchive/bsdtar_3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb
 )
  which works with libarchive13 in version 3.1.2-11ubuntu0.16.04.3 which is 
included in U16.04

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libarchive/+bug/1765646/+subscriptions

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