Hi Rick,
thank you for taking the time to report this bug and helping to make Ubuntu 
better.

It seems you are upgrading "to" Trusty as version 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.3 is 
trusty.
Is that a full precise to trusty Update with slapd formerly configured and 
working?

In the log I found a few issues, looking at them one by one:
#1
Preparing to unpack .../slapd_2.4.42+dfsg-2ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated, passed through in regex; marked by 
<-- HERE in m/^(.*?)(\\)?\${ <-- HERE ([^{}]+)}(.*)$/ at 
/usr/share/perl5/Debconf/Question.pm line 72.

This is "just" an annoying message and fixed later on, see
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=786705. So not a
problem.

#2
/tmp/ubuntu-release-upgrader-15bkpjew/imported/invoke-rc.d: 1: 
/tmp/ubuntu-release-upgrader-15bkpjew/imported/invoke-rc.d: /sbin/runlevel: not 
found
 * Stopping OpenLDAP slapd
   ...done.
  Dumping to /var/backups/slapd-2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.3: 
  - directory dc=kavobv, dc=local... 58cbb2fc ldif_read_file: checksum error on 
"/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif"
58cbb2fc olcRootPW: value #0: <olcRootPW> can only be set when rootdn is under 
suffix
58cbb2fc config error processing olcDatabase={1}hdb,cn=config: <olcRootPW> can 
only be set when rootdn is under suffix
slapcat: bad configuration directory!
failed

That seems to have run into issues while trying to dump the DB to use it on 
postinst.
To do so it uses slapcat and sets a few opts.

The default is "when needed" and that is then only true if coming from
before 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu5 which we do in your case.

So you can trigger/test that dump manually via:
/var/lib/dpkg/info/slapd.preinst upgrade 2.4.25-1

Also enabling a set -x in that file gave me a working dump like this:
+ echo /var/backups/slapd-VERSION
+ sed -e s/VERSION/2.4.25-1/
+ dir=/var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1
+ mkdir -p -m 700 /var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1
+ echo /var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1
+ dir=/var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1
+ echo   Dumping to /var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1: 
  Dumping to /var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1: 
+ + read suffix
get_suffix
+ [ -f /etc/ldap/slapd.d ]
+ + cut -d: -fgrep 2
 -h olcSuffix /etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={-1}frontend.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={0}config.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif
+ get_directory dc=lxd
+ [ -d /etc/ldap/slapd.d ]
+ get_suffix
+ [ -f /etc/ldap/slapd.d ]
+ grep -q dc=lxd
+ cut -d: -f 2
+ grep -h olcSuffix /etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={-1}frontend.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={0}config.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif
+ cut -d: -f 2
+ grep -l olcSuffix: dc=lxd 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={-1}frontend.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={0}config.ldif 
/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif
+ sed s/^  *//g
+ grep olcDbDirectory: /etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif
+ dbdir=/var/lib/ldap
+ [ -n /var/lib/ldap ]
+ [ -d /var/lib/ldap ]
+ file=/var/backups/slapd-2.4.25-1/dc=lxd.ldif
+ echo -n   - directory dc=lxd... 
  - directory dc=lxd... + [ -f /etc/ldap/slapd.d ]
+ slapcat_opts=-g -F /etc/ldap/slapd.d
+ slapcat -g -F /etc/ldap/slapd.d -b dc=lxd


I installed a slapd in Precise following [1] for the basic config and
upgraded just fine.

I can before and after read the basic config the installation placed:
$ ldapsearch -Q -LLL -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -b cn=config dn

My assumption would be that your modified confiuration is no more "dumpable" in 
some form.
That leads to the issues:
 checksum error on "/etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config/olcDatabase={1}hdb.ldif"
 olcRootPW: value #0: <olcRootPW> can only be set when rootdn is under suffix
 slapcat: bad configuration directory!

I'd ask you to either drop all config, upgrade and then set up accordingly.
Or to check your config what might cause this issue.
To do the latter you can use the "DB dumping" triggered manually as I showed 
above.

Since it seems likely to me that this is a local configuration problem,
rather than a bug in Ubuntu, I'm marking this bug as Incomplete.

If indeed this is a local configuration problem, you can find pointers
to get help for this sort of problem here:
http://www.ubuntu.com/support/community

Or if you believe that this is really a bug, then you may find it
helpful to read "How to report bugs effectively"
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/bugs.html. We'd be grateful
if you would then provide a more complete description of the problem,
explain why you believe this is a bug in Ubuntu rather than a problem
specific to your system, and then change the bug status back to New.

[1]: https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/serverguide/openldap-server.html

** Bug watch added: Debian Bug tracker #786705
   http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=786705

** Changed in: openldap (Ubuntu)
       Status: New => Incomplete

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu
Touch seeded packages, which is subscribed to openldap in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1673727

Title:
  package slapd 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.3 failed to install/upgrade:
  subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1

Status in openldap package in Ubuntu:
  Incomplete

Bug description:
  Error message while upgrading.

  ProblemType: Package
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 14.04
  Package: slapd 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.3
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.13.0-112.159-generic 3.13.11-ckt39
  Uname: Linux 3.13.0-112-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.23
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Fri Mar 17 10:57:23 2017
  ErrorMessage: subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit 
status 1
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2014-05-09 (1042 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu-Server 14.04 LTS "Trusty Tahr" - Release amd64 
(20140416.2)
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   dpkg 1.18.4ubuntu1.1
   apt  1.0.1ubuntu2.17
  SourcePackage: openldap
  Title: package slapd 2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.3 failed to install/upgrade: 
subprocess new pre-installation script returned error exit status 1
  UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to trusty on 2017-03-17 (0 days ago)

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/openldap/+bug/1673727/+subscriptions

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