Nature causes earthquakes, tsunamis, lava flows, and changes to the Earth's
surface (grids and tables refer to the landscape or terrain features)
primarily through plate tectonics and geological processes fueled by the
planet's internal heat . These are natural forces that shape the dynamic
Earth.
Here is a breakdown of why these events occur:
Earthquakes
Cause: The Earth's outermost layer, the lithosphere, is made up of large
plates called tectonic plates that constantly move atop a semi-fluid layer
below . Most earthquakes occur when these plates grind past, collide with,
or move under each other along fault lines .
Mechanism: Stress builds up as the plates move. When the accumulated stress
exceeds the strength of the rocks, they suddenly slip, releasing a
tremendous amount of energy in the form of seismic waves that cause the
ground to shake .
Tsunamis
Cause: Tsunamis are typically triggered by large, rapid displacements of
the seafloor or massive disturbances of a large body of water .
Mechanism: The most common cause is a powerful undersea earthquake (usually
a megathrust earthquake in a subduction zone) that abruptly shifts the
ocean floor, displacing a massive column of water above it . This displaced
water forms a series of large, powerful waves that travel across the ocean
at high speeds. Landslides or volcanic eruptions into water can also cause
tsunamis .
Lava (Volcanic Activity)
Cause: Volcanic activity is driven by heat within the Earth's mantle and
crust. Magma (molten rock) is less dense than the surrounding solid rock,
causing it to rise toward the surface .
Mechanism: When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. Eruptions
occur where there are weaknesses in the Earth's crust, often near plate
boundaries (like the "Ring of Fire") or over "hot spots" where mantle
plumes bring heat from deep within the Earth . The buildup of pressure from
trapped gases can cause explosive eruptions.
Changes to Grids and Tables (Landscape/Terrain)
The user's reference to "grids and tables" likely refers to the
geographical landscape, terrain, topography, or perhaps even geological
data/maps that catalog these features. The landscape is constantly changing
(periodically refers to geological timescales, not a fixed calendar).
Cause: These changes are a combination of constructive forces (volcanism,
mountain building through tectonic uplift) and destructive forces (erosion,
weathering by wind and water).
Mechanism: Tectonic plate movement causes mountains to rise (e.g., the
Himalayas are growing as the Indian plate crashes into the Eurasian plate),
while erosion wears them down. Volcanoes build new land (e.g., the Hawaiian
Islands). These processes constantly reshape the planet's surface over
millions of years, thus altering the "grids and tables" (maps) we use to
document the Earth's features.
2 Earth’s surface may look solid—after all, we walk on it and
construct buildings on it—but in fact, it is a constantly moving puzzle of
interlocking pieces. These pieces, known as tectonic plates, are giant
sections of Earth’s crust whose edges interact with one another by either
colliding or moving apart. The plates of the outermost layer, the
lithosphere, float on top of the malleable asthenosphere in Earth’s
interior. The movement of these plates is called plate tectonics, and
scientists have studied this field since the 1950s. While the movement of
tectonic plates is usually slow—typically just a few centimeters per
year—plate tectonics are linked to several kinds of natural disasters,
namely earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis. specific type of plate
movement: subduction. Subduction occurs when one tectonic plate—the one
that is older and denser—sinks or is pulled under another tectonic plate.
This process does not, however, proceed smoothly; as tectonic plates shift
and grind against one another, the friction can cause them to snag on each
other. Once plates overcome this friction and move past each other, energy
is released, leading to earthquakes. Near Japan, the Pacific Plate is
subducting under the North American Plate. Although it may seem impossible,
parts of Japan actually sit above a portion of the North American Plate.
That huge upwelling of water created a series of waves—also called a
tsunami—that moved outward in all directions from the earthquake’s
epicenter, both toward and away from Japan. The waves moved at speeds of up
to around 800 kilometers (500 miles) per hour, roughly the speed of a jet
airliner. When those waves rolled up on the eastern shore of Japan, the
tallest measured more than 10 meters (33 feet) high. The waves that rushed
toward the east eventually struck the U.S. state of Hawai‘i and then the
western coast of the mainland United States, though with much less force.
Intense ground shaking may have even changed the rotation rate of Earth,
shortening the length of the day by about 1.8 microseconds.
The tsunami that hit Japan was far higher than the seawalls that had
been built to protect the Japanese coastline from such inundations. The
water rushed inland in a great flood, carrying with it ships, sweeping away
cars and destroying buildings. Nearly 20,000 people died due to the
earthquake and tsunami. Images captured on the day of the earthquake, as
well as the days that followed, revealed a shattered landscape full of
debris. The environmental impact of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami has
been enormous; researchers studying soil samples have detected pollution
from industrial chemicals and pesticides that leaked from the wreckage.
That is not surprising given the amount of destruction caused by the
disaster: oil refineries in flames, sewer and gas lines broken and chemical
plants damaged.
The tsunami also crippled the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
near Sendai. Ocean waves caused flooding that cut off the plant’s
electrical power, making it impossible to cool the plant’s nuclear
reactors. As a consequence, three of the plant’s four reactors overheated,
causing the uranium fuel rods to liquefy. The melted rods burned through
the steel walls meant to contain them, releasing uranium and other
radioactive materials into the air and sea. The airborne radioactive
particles blanketed houses, crops and schools. Over 100,000 people were
forced to evacuate from their homes.
Cleaning up radioactive contamination and dismantling the power
station, a task that Japan is hoping to finish by 2051, could cost over 200
billion U.S. dollars. However, there have been setbacks. In 2025, the power
company leading the cleanup operation had to delay a major project—removing
damaged fuel debris from a reactor—until 2037. Though Japan and other
countries have tested new methods of permanently disposing of nuclear
waste, no clear, safe solution has been found. Some countries have simply
left waste in former power plants, while others continue to look for
solutions. Finland, for example, has devised a method of enclosing waste in
copper canisters and burying it in underground tunnels between 400 and 450
meters (1,312 and 1,476 feet) deep. But it is not clear what environmental
impact these methods will have in the years to come. “The bitter reality is
that there is no scientifically proven way of disposing of the existential
problem of high- and intermediate-level waste. Some countries have built
repositories, some plan them,” Paul Dorfman, founder of the Nuclear
Consulting Group, told The Guardian. “But given the huge technical
uncertainties, if disposal does go ahead and anything goes wrong
underground in the next millennia, then future generations risk profound
widespread pollution.”
3 Global warming may not only be causing more
destructive hurricanes, it could also be shaking the ground beneath our
feet Devastating hurricane? More than 1,000 lives lost? It must be climate
change! Almost inevitably, Hurricane Matthew’s recent rampage across
the Caribbean
and south-eastern US has been fingered by some as a backlash of global
warming driven by humanity’s polluting activities, but does this really
stack up? *The short answer is no**.* Blame for a single storm cannot be
laid at climate change’s door, as reinforced by the bigger picture. The
current hurricane season is by no means extraordinary, and the last few
seasons have actually been very tame. The 2013 season saw no major
hurricanes at all and tied with 1982 for the fewest hurricanes since 1930.
This, in turn, is no big deal as there is great year-on-year variability in
the level of hurricane activity, which responds to various natural factors
such as El Niño and the so-called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, as
well as the progressive warming of the oceans as climate change bites
harder.
Thus, guarding the nature by contributions of Human is inimical.
WORNOUT ON EARTH’S COMPONENENTS OFTEN CAUSES ANY FURY OF THE NATURE WHICH
IS ORGANISED BY THE NATURE IN ORDER TO BALANCE AND REPAIR THE WORNOUTS.
EVEN WITHOUIT OUR CONTRIBUTIONS EARTH WILL COLLAPSE. BUT LIVING WITH NATURE
IS BEAUTIFUL HENCE STRESSED TO PRESERVE ‘
K RAJARAM IRS 3126
On Sat, 3 Jan 2026 at 06:42, Markendeya Yeddanapudi <
[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> --
> *Mar*
>
> Nature under Deadly Oppression
>
>
>
> Science and Technology oppress nature, completely and comprehensively. The
> oppression is so completely deadly that we, bleed, torture, kill, mute and
> disable every facet of Geography. We routineized, standardized, facultied,
> scienced, and made it part of education. We call this day today oppression,
> economic activity. Economics is the conversion of torturing nature, into a
> branch of Physics, Mechanics. Mechanics deals with the emotions-less and
> feelings-less subject matter (ignore the latest Quantum Physics).We no
> longer can accept any life form as our emotional complement. This crass
> insensitivity has developed into economic vested interest.
>
> Often I remember the American civil war of 1860-65.A rich man in the
> southern states in those days was a proud owner of property. His property
> consisted of slaves. He convinced himself as a pious property owner of sub
> humans just like any other livestock. Imagine his anger at the notion of
> recognizing the slaves as humans, spelling bankruptcy to him. And imagine
> the definition of Democracy given by Abraham Linkon, Government of the
> People, by the people and for the people’ with the intolerable implication
> that the word people includes slaves, his property. After the civil war,
> the so called freed slaves found no livelihood, so had to continue under
> the same oppression but not designated as slaves. They faced lynching. It
> took great efforts from Martin Luther King, very big struggle to make the
> slaves real citizens.
>
> But the plight of the Biosphere today is far worse than that of those
> slaves. Can you imagine equal fundamental rights, to cats, dogs etc, and
> fundamental rights equal to us? We cannot accept, the fact that every life
> form is an emotional complement of every other life form, and that the
> Biosphere consists of life forms in natural emotional symbiosis. We
> Darwined away their existence, asserting that the Biosphere consists of
> life forms which are at war with each other. Even among the humans we
> introduced the concept of competition, a different form of Darwinism,
> leading to Social Darwinism. We have sidelined Ecology and the symbiosis in
> the Biosphere.We cannot even accept that we are part of the planet earth, a
> limb of earth, connected to nature anatomically. To do science we must not
> recognize that basic fact and must brainwash ourselves that we are
> outsiders of nature, the scientific observers. Smirking at those who want
> to interact with nature, and present a non Cartesian view is sought to be
> made respectable.
>
> Nature is rumbling signaling her correction. The Asthenosphere is
> simmering and there is the onset a new plate tectonics’ in the initial
> rumble. Most probably the many fires of war getting lit today, may be the
> work of nature itself, creating the war madness, with all sorts of bomb
> explosions’ making the new plate tectonics easy.
>
> The least every university now under Cartesian lunacy can do is to start a
> ‘Free Nature Park’ without human tampering, so that gradually nature finds
> an alternative less violent way of correction. But how to cure the
> Universities now under Cartesian madness promoting mechanization
> continuously? Every machine harms nature. The weak and feeble defense of
> machines, with the statement that not all machines do not harm, without any
> convincing explanation, does not stop the portending catastrophic
> correction by nature. Nature does not suffer from Anthropocentricism.
>
> YM Sarma
>
>
>
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