BHUVARAHASWAMY TEMPLE, SRIMUSHNAM, CUDDALORE DISTRICT-TAMILNADU-COMPILED

Dear friends,

Srimushnam is a town panchayat, and the headquarters ofSrimushnam taluk, in 
Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The town is sacredto Hindus and 
Buddhists. It is one of the eight Svayam Vyakta Khsetras of Vaishnavism, and is 
knownfor Bhu Varaha Swamy temple, which is dedicated to Varaha, the boar-avatar 
ofVishnu, and his consort, Lakshmi.

 The Bhuvaraha templehas been visited by Madhva saint Sri Vadiraja Tirtha in 
sixteenth century andis written in his work Tirtha Prabandha. Jagadguru 
Madhvacharya visited Bhuvaraha temple manytimes and took even Chatur Masya 
Deeksha here. During his Chatur Masya Deekshahe created a Dhanda Tirtha, a pond 
with stick which can be seen even today.

Constructed in the Chola style of architecture, the temple isdedicated to 
Varaha (Bhu Varaha Swamy), the boar-avatar of the god Vishnu and his consort 
Lakshmias Ambujavalli Thayar.

The temple had contributions from Medieval Cholas of the 10th century with 
laterexpansions by Thanjavur Nayakking Achuthappa Nayak. 

A granite wall surrounds the temple, enclosing all theshrines and the temple 
tanks. There is a seven-tiered Raja gopuram, thetemple’s gateway tower.

The temple is one of the few temples where Muslims areallowed to worship till 
the Ardha Mandapam.

 

There is Varaha temple inTrivandrum also. The area itself is called Srivaraham.

Today my posting is about the Bhuvaraha temple at SriMushnam.

Hope a divine reading.

Gopalakrishnan 24-08-2025

 

Introduction

Sri Bhoo Varahaswamy Temple is a Vaishnava Temple located atSrimushnam. The 
Presiding Deity is Bhuvarahaswamy or Varaha Alwar and He isconsidered as an 
incarnation of Maha Vishnu. The Consort of the Presiding Deityin this Temple is 
known as Ambujavalli Thaayar. It is considered as one of the 108 Abhimana 
Kshethram.

Legend

 It is said that DemonKing Hiranyakshan stole away the Earth and concealed it 
in the Netherworld andhence the Earth Goddess Bhoo Devi Prayed to God Maha 
Vishnu torescue Her. 

Pleased with Her repeated requests Maha Vishnu appeared herein the form of a 
Boar and He was called as Bhoo Varaha Swamy and He killed the Demon 
Hiranyakshan and rescued the Earth. 

It is said that the sweat of the Demon King who was droppingdead fell to the 
ground and created the Temple Tank. The Demon King while dyingpleaded with Maha 
Vishnu to turn towards him and Maha Vishnu in the form ofBhuvarahaswamy obliged 
him. 

The Temple is consideredas one of the 8 Swayambhu Kshethras of Maha Vishnu 
where the Presiding Deity isbelieved to have manifested on its own. 

 

History of theSrimushnam Temple 

Ancient Origins: Thetemple is considered ancient, but detailed historical 
records are available only from the 16th centuryAD.

Vijayanagar and NayakPatronage:The Vijayanagar emperors, along with their 
feudatories, the Nayak kings, played acrucial role in the temple's development. 
They recognized the sanctity ofSrimushnam and undertook major construction 
projects.

Temple Construction:TheNayak kings are credited with building the Garbagriha 
(inner sanctum), Mandapas (halls), Gopurams(tower gateways), and the 
surrounding Prakaras (enclosures). They also builtshrines for the Alvars and 
Acharyas, the processional deities (Utsavamurtis),and established arrangements 
for regular worship and festivals.

Royal Grants: In additionto structural development, these rulers made princely 
gifts of villages and other generousgrants to ensure the proper conduct of 
daily pujas and festivals.

Inscriptions and Records: Authentichistorical accounts of the temple's history 
are found in inscriptions within the temple, theDistrict Gazetteer, and copper 
plate grants held at the government museum.

 

Architecture

There are two gopurams (temple-towers at the entrance) in thetemple and two 
precincts enclosed within large granite walls; the western toweris seven-tiered 
and is the commonly used entrance. The five-tiered one on the eastern side is 
opened onlyduring Vaikuntha Ekadashi. 

There is a small image of Srinavasa Perumal (Vishnu) on theupper portion of the 
inner side of the tower. Outside the temple, there is an80 ft (24 m) tall 
monolith pillar with the image of Garuda on its top facingthe presiding deity 
of the temple. 

The sixteen pillared hall is called Purushasuktha Mandapa andit is the place 
where the hymns of Purushasukta are recited each day duringsacred ablution of 
the presiding deity. The vimana over the sanctum is calledPavana Vimana and is 
surmounted by a gold-plated kalasha. The 16 columnedpavilion is considered a 
masterpiece of Nayak art built by Achutappa Nayak. Thecolumns are sculpted with 
images of musicians, dancers and miniature idols. Theceiling has lotus 
medallion sculptures and scroll work. The central shrine istopped by a conical 
roof. The decorated outer walls are atypical of Chola Art. There is a shrine of 
Garuda andNammalvar facing the sanctum away from the sixteen pillared hall. 

Presiding deity

The central shrine houses the presiding deity Varaha (BhuVarahaswamy). The 2 ft 
(0.61 m)-shaligrama stone image depicts the boar-facedVaraha standing in a 
victorious posture with his hands on his waist; the humanbody faces West, while 
thehead is turned towards the South. 

The utsavar (festival icon), Patharaavi, is made ofpanchaloha (a five-metal 
alloy) and is accompanied by two consorts as in mostVaishnava temples. 
Thefestival icon is housed in the Artha Mandapa, the hall before the 
sanctum.The temple has two dvarapala (guarding deities) on both sides of 
theentrance of the central shrine made of panchaloha, one of which is 
commissionedduring the modern times. The older one on the left side was 
confiscated duringthe Mysore war and was having a wooden replica till it was 
replaced in 2004.

There is a separate shrinefor Ambujavalli Thayar, the consort of Bhu Varaha 
Swamy in the second precinct which also housesthe shrines of Andal andRamanuja. 

 

Sub shrines

There are Sub Shrines for Venugopala Swamy and  Vishvaksenar. There is a garden 
on thenorthern side of the temple that houses a shrine of Rama. In this temple 
thereis a statue of Hanuman lifting Rama and Lakshmana on his shoulders. 

 

Idols

Idols of  VedanthaDesikar, Thirumangai Alwar, Manavala Maamunigal, Kulanthai 
Amman andThirukkachi Nambi are also there . 

 

Poojas

The rituals in the temple are followed as per Pancharatara agamas. Thetemple 
priests perform the puja (rituals) during festivals and on a dailybasis. As at 
other Vishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to theVaishnava 
community, from the Brahmin class. 

The temple rituals are performed six times a day: Ushathkalamat 7 a.m., 
Kalasanthi at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 p.m., Sayarakshai at6:00 p.m., 
Irandamkalam at 7:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. Each ritualhas three 
steps: alangaram (decoration), neivethanam (food offering) and deepaaradanai 
(waving of lamps) for both Sri Bhuvaraha Swamy Perumal and SriAmbujavalli 
Thayar. 

 

festivals

Two yearly festivals are held at the temple, of which theChariot festival, 
celebrated during the Tamil month of Vaikasi (April–May),being the most 
prominent. 

The festival also symbolises Hindu-Muslim unity in theregion – the flag of the 
chariot is provided by Muslims; they take offeringsfrom the temple and present 
to Allah in the mosques.

Other  important festivalscelebrated here are Sri Jayanthi, Navarathri, 
Vijayadasami, Deepavali andMakara Shankaranthi. 

There are twoBrahmotsavams celebrated in the temple, one each during the Tamil 
month of Masi and other duringthe month of Chittirai (April–May). During the 
first, the festival deity of BhuVaraha Swamy is taken for seven days around the 
villages of Srimushnam. The chariot festival is a symbol of Hindu–Muslim unity 
in the region,with the flag of the temple chariot offered by the local Muslims. 
Theyalso accept the offerings from the festival deity and present it to Allah 
inthe mosques. The Muslim devotees thank Allah to have brought BhuVaraha Swamy 
to their place.

 

Temple tree and tanks

The Sthala Viruksham is Ashvatha Tree and the Sacred Tank orPushkarani is 
Nithya Pushkarani.

 

Administration

The temple is maintained and administered by the HinduReligious and Endowment 
Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu. The temple isadministered by the Hindu 
Religious and Charitable The religious head, thePedda Jeeyar of Tirupati is the 
permanent trustee of the temple.

 

Specialties 

It is peculiar in this Temple to have a small Sub Shrine of Srinivasa Perumal 
in theupper floor of the Rajagopuram and Devotees may have to climb narrow 
steps toreach there. The Temple has 2 sets of Divine Feet to be prayed. 

This is one of the rarest of rare Hindu Temples whichallows the Muslims to come 
inside till the Artha Mandapam. 

Srimushnam is considered a Swayambhu Kshetram, meaning thedeity, Lord Bhu 
Varaha Swamy, is self-emanated, not installed by humans. 

According to legend, Lord Bhu Varaha Swamy granted the sacredland to Lord 
Venkateswara Swamy to reside on the Seven Hills of Tirumala, andas a gesture of 
thanks, granted Lord Bhu Varaha Swamy the privilege of firstdarshan (viewing) 
and first naivedyam (food offering) at Tirumala. 

The temple is considered one of the eight Sywayambu Kshetrasof Vishnu where 
presiding deity is believed to have manifested on its own. 

Divine ablution is performed daily for the presiding deity,unlike other Vishnu 
temples where it is performed only occasionally. InTirumala, devotees are 
supposed to visit the Bhu Varaha temple before theyworship Lord Venkateshvara 
but in Srimushnam devotees visit the Srinivas temple in the western 
entrancebefore visiting Bhu Varaha Swamy. 

The temple is frequented by childless couple seeking childrenand unmarried 
people seeking marriage. The local belief is that the worshipdone to Saptha 
Kannigaigal in the temple leads to right match. 

Legend- Hindu  Muslim Unity

As per  legend, a localNawab on the county was ailing with Carbuncle and was 
given up by all thedoctors. He is believed tohave prayed Bhuvaraha and was 
cured off all his ailments. He madegenerous contributions to the temple and was 
later named Bhura Sahib. Each year thedeity is taken to the village when his 
descendants make offerings to the deity.

A unique tradition of the temple involves Hazrath Syed ShaRahmathulla Shuttari, 
a revered Sufi saint who settled in Killai. He wasgranted 400 acres of land by 
Nawab Mohammad Ali Walajah. The Dargah trustee later sought assistance from a 
local tahsildar, UppuVenkatarao, to demarcate the land, and in gratitude, 26 
acres were permanentlyleased to the Sri Bhoo Varaha Swamy Temple Trust. 

This gesture of goodwill laid the foundation for a traditionof mutual respect. 
During the Masi Maham festival, thetemple procession halts at the Dargah, where 
both communities exchangeofferings—Tulsi leaves and a silk shawl from the 
temple, and rice, dry fruits,and prayers from the Dargah. This longstanding 
practice is a testamentto the enduring harmony between Hindus and Muslims in 
the region.

Control by Madhwabrahmins and Iyengars

The temple is under the control of Madhva Brahmins andIyengars. Madhva Brahmins 
and Sri Vaishnavas do Vedaparaya during pooja. TheMadhvas specifically recite 
Gajendra Moksha and Srimushnam Puranam every day.

Temple Timings: 

6 AM to 12 Noon and 4.30 PM to 8.30 PM

How to reach thetemple

By Air-Air : The nearest International airports is Chennai(200Km ). Another 
nearest Air Port is in Pondicherry has charter flightslocated 25KM from 
Cuddalore. 

By Train : 1. Chennai – Villupuram – Cuddalore – Thanjavoor –Trichy Railway 
route is available running via Cuddalore Town the District headquarters.. From 
Chennai after Villupuram get down in Vridhachalam and can reachvia road to 
Srimushanam. 

By Road : Road transport is very good in Cuddalore District.National highways 
NH45 , NH45A are running through Cuddalore. 

Contact Details ofpriests:

 04144  245090, Parthasarathy 90959 05865, Manikandan73971 31717, 87785 16498 
and 99524 21072

 

 

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