SPECIALITY OF AADI PERUKKU ASTRONOMICALLY
In the city of Kumbakonam there are two temples dedicated to Vishnu, the
Shri Sarangapani and the Shri Chakrapani. Both these temples have two
doorways connected to the solstices in the same way. From the time of the
winter solstice the sanctums are approachable through the northern entrance
and from the time of the summer solstice through the southern entrance.
This is connected to the two periods of uttarayana or northern course of
the sun (midwinter to midsummer), and dakshinayana or southern course of
the sun (midsummer to midwinter).
In the Tamil ritual calendar uttarayana begins from Makara Samkranti,
which was celebrated this year on the 14th of January. The start of
dakshinayana is celebrated on Adi Perukku, the festival of the Cauvery
River, which falls on the 18th of the Tamil month Adi. This year the 18th
of Adi equals the 2nd of August. The difference between actual midwinter on
the 21st of December and Makara Samkranti is 24 days. The difference
between midsummer on the 21st of June and Adi Perukku is 44 days. What is
happening here? At first sight the conclusion might be this ritual calendar
doesn’t understand astronomy very well or maybe expresses strange
superstitions. The actual reason is this calendar is very ancient indeed
and represents a time well over 3000 years ago.
Precession
To explain this we have to introduce an astronomical phenomenon,
called precession. Precession is a movement of the axis of the earth which
results in a slight shift in the point of sunrise and sunset relative to
the fixed stars of the ecliptic. Every year this point shifts 50 second of
a degree relative to the stars in the opposite direction from the yearly
movement of our sun. The sun shifts its rising and setting point 1 degree
every day along the band of the ecliptic, and comes back to the same point
after one year. That is how we understand the solar year and recognize the
zodiac. But in actual reality the sun doesn’t come back to exactly the same
point after one year. The sun stays behind just a little bit. So today the
sunrise at midwinter occurs in the constellation Dhanus/Sagitarius. Two
thousand years ago it occurred in the constellation Makara/Capricorn. The
amount of this shift over time is a well known astronomical value. Therefore
we can calculate exactly where the point of midsummer and midwinter would
have occurred on the ecliptic at any time in the past.
The Tamil calendar is a sidereal calendar which means it is fixed to
the stars. As the stars shift very slowly relative to the seasons due to
precession and we know that the rate of this shift is approximately 72
years for 1 degree,
{KR I have written about this earlier on many occasions; so precession
does occur once in app 26000 years; viz 72 *360=25,920 years; today earth
axis points to Ashwini star in sideral system but 76000 years karthiga,
Bharani and Ashwini the earth axis was showing star Krithiga ; THAT IS 27
STARS STARTED THEN FROM KRITHIGA TO BHARANI AND NOT ASHWINI TO REVATHY. SO
ADIPPERUKKU HAS A GREATER IMPACT THAN WE THINK}}}
we can calculate the time reflected by the date of the festivals in the
Tamil calendar because one degree shift more or less equals one day later
in the calendar: 360 degrees of the circle equals 365 days of the year. The
24 days difference between the winter solstice and Makara Samkranti shows
this festival was fixed to this date around 1728 years ago. The 44 days
difference between the summer solstice and Adi Perukku shows this festival
was originally established 3168 years ago. Our conclusion must be the Tamil
ritual calendar was already functioning in 1000 BCE.
K Rajaram IRS 3825
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'N Sekar' via KeralaIyers <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2025 at 12:37
Subject: [KeralaIyers] Today is Adi Perukku - Prayers to Maa Ganga
To: Narayanaswamy Sekar <[email protected]>, Chittanandam V. R. <
[email protected]>, Rangarajan T.N.C. <[email protected]>,
Rama (Iyer 123 Group) <[email protected]>, Mathangi K. Kumar <
[email protected]>, Srinivasan Sridharan <[email protected]>,
Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>, Suryanarayana Ambadipudi <
[email protected]>, Mani APS <[email protected]>
https://youtu.be/4VSF_Ex1x3I?si=T9LbkGTJ-D7BvAlp
N Sekar
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