STHALASAYANAPERUMAL TEMPLE, MAHABALIPURAM, CHENNAI-Compiled

Dear friends,

Today my posting is about the Sthala Sayana Perumal Temple, atMahabalipuram, in 
theChingleput District of Tamil Nadu- It is one of the 108 Divya Desams, 
dedicated to Lord Vishnu, and isrenowned for its unique depiction of the deity 
in a reclining (sleeping)posture. The temple is believed to have been built 
during thePallava period and is located near the Mahabalipuram bus stand and 
other monuments. 

Mahabalipuram, also known as Mamallapuram, is a town known for its UNESCO World 
Heritagesite, the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, which dates back tothe 
7th and 8th centuries. However the temple is under HR &CE Government ofTamil 
Nadu. 

Hope a divine reading. 

Gopalakrishnan 24-6-2025.

Key Features:

Deity: The main deity is Sthala Sayana Perumal (Vishnu) in areclining pose, 
with his consort Lakshmi as Nilamangai Thayar. 

Location:Situated in the heart of Mahabalipuram, near the bus stand andother 
historical sites. 

Architecture:Built in the Dravidian style, with contributionsfrom the Pallavas, 
Cholas, Vijayanagarkings, and Nayaks. 

Historical Significance:The temple is mentioned in theNaalayira Divya 
Prabandham, an early Tamil canon, and is believed to be thebirthplace of the 
VaishnavaAlvar saint Bhoothathalvar. 

Festivals:The temple celebrates the annual Bhoothatazhwar Avata festivalduring 
the Tamil month of Aipasi (October-November). 

Opening Hours:Open from 6 am to 12 pm and 3 pm to 8:30 pm

Introduction

Sthalasayana Perumal Temple (also called Thirukadalmallai) isat Mahabalipuram. 
Constructed in the Pallavan style of architecture, the templeis glorified in 
the NaalayiraDivya Prabandham, the early medieval Tamil canon of the Alvar 
saintsfrom the 6th–9th centuries CE. It is one of the 108 Divya Desam dedicated 
to Vishnu, who isworshipped as Sthalasayana Perumal and his consort Lakshmi as 
NilamangaiThayar. The temple is believed to have been built by the Pallavas, 
with latercontributions from the Medieval Cholas, Vijayanagara kings, and 
Madurai Nayaks.

The temple is believed to be the birthplace of theVaishnava Alvar saint 
Bhoothathalvar. SthalasayanaPerumal is believed to have appeared to sage 
Pundarika. This templeis known for its historical and religious significance 
and is dedicated to LordVishnu in his Sthalasayana Perumal form, which means 
the Lord who rests on the ground.

Legends

As per Hindu legend, once sage Pundarika was performingpenance worshiping 
Vishnu at this place. He collected Tamara flowers andsubmitted it to view 
Vishnu in Ksirabdhi Natha form, his posture in Ocean ofmilk. He collected 
1,008flowers and, in his intensity, he scooped out water also in full. 

Vishnu came in disguise in the form of sage and asked him forfood. The sage 
went to acquire food for the old man, butwhile returning he found that Vishnu 
lying on floor  in the place. Since Vishnu stayedin this place, he was called 
Sthalasayana Perumal.

 The legend issanctified by Bhoothath Alvar in his verses in Naalayira Divya 
Prabandham.

The temple is associated with several legends and storiesfrom Hindu mythology. 
It issaid that Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, worshipped Lord Vishnu 
atthis site, and the temple is believed to be the spot where LordVishnu 
revealed his cosmic form to Lord Brahma.

As per another legend, a king by name Harikesarivarmanused to visit the 
Nithyakalyana Perumal temple at Thiruvidandai every day fromMahabalipuram and 
wanted to settle there. Vishnu was pleased by his devotion and appeared 
asSthalasayana Perumal at Mahabalipuram.

History

References to modern dayMahabalipuram as a busy port is available in the works 
of Ptolemy from CE 140. There are many references to theplace from Sangam 
Literature from third century CE. The temple is referred inthe works of seventh 
century works of Bhoothath Alvar and eighth century works of Thiru MangaiAlvar. 
The port city came to prominence during the reign of Pallavakings Mahendra 
Varman I and his son Narasimha Varman I after whom the city isnamed. The city 
was afamous port city during the reign of Medieval Cholas from the 9th century. 

There are many inscriptions referring to the period.

The temple also had expansions by Chola king Vikrama Chola(1118-35 CE) during 
1120 CE. The inscription made during the reign of Pandyaduring 1288 CE 
indicates gift for the feeding house of the temple.

During the 14th century, the Vijayanagara kingParankusa shifted the temple to 
its current location away from the shore. He is believed to have built thefour 
Mada streets around the temple. 

The Shore Temple locatedon the shore is believed to be the original shrine 
housing two images of Shivaon either side of the image of Vishnu.

The Pallava King constructed 3 temples dedicated to the Lord Perumal. However, 
twoof those temples were destroyed by the sea. The one temple that survivedfor 
centuries is the Sthalasayana Perumal Temple which was moved from the seashore 
to its current location in 14th century by Vijayanagar king Parankusa.

Architecture

The temple is located in Mahabalipuram, a historic town onthe outskirts of 
Chennai. Thetemple is located close to Arjuna's Penance, the most famous 
landmark of theGroup of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. The temple is also believed 
tobe the birthplace of Bhoothath Alvar, the 2nd Alvar, the poet saints of 
7th-9thcenturies. 

The temple has a seven-tiered Raja gopuram built during15-16th century. The 
granite base of the entrance is studded with sculptures.There are two precincts 
inside the temple with the sanctum is located axial tothe main gate and 
approached through a Dvajasthambam, Bali peetam (sacrificialaltar), Deepa 
Stambam (altar for lamps) and Garuda Mandapam. The temple tank islocated 
outside the temple and is called Pundarika Pushkarani. It has a smallpillared 
mandapa in its centre.

Sanctum, deities  and idols

 The sanctum houses the image ofSthalasayana Perumal, the presiding deity, in 
reclining posture. Theimage is sported with Ahvahanahasta, which indicates 
beckoning devotees to him.

The image of Pundarika Maharishi is seen in standing posture.The processional 
deity, namely Ulaguyyaninran, sported with four arms, ishoused in the sanctum. 

There is an east facingshrine to the right of sanctum for Lakshmi, the consort 
of Perumal, in the formof Nilamangai Thayar.As if following suit with the lord, 
Thayar in this temple is also sitting on the floor (instead of sitting onlotus 
as seen in other temples) in a separate sannidhi. 

Thayar is named as “Nilamangai Thayar” which means Thayar issitting on the 
floor.

There are shrines for Andal,Lakshmi Narasimha, Bhoothath Alvar, Rama,and Alvars 
in the first precinct around the sanctum. 

There is a shrine for Hanuman opposite to the shrine of Rama. There isa four 
pillared hall, with sculpted pillars in front of the temple, wasdesigned for 
Dolotsavam (swing festival). 

Poojas and Festivals 

The temple follows the traditions of the Tenkalai sect of Vaishnavitetradition 
and follows the Vaikanasa Agama. The temple priestsperform the puja (rituals) 
during festivals and on a daily basis. As at otherVishnu temples of Tamil Nadu, 
the priests belong to the Vaishnavite community,of the Brahmin varna. The 
temple rituals are performed six times a day: Ushathkalamat 7 a.m., Kalasanthi 
at 8:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 12:00 p.m., Sayarakshai at6:00 p.m., Irandamkalam at 
7:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. There are weekly,monthly and fortnightly 
rituals performed in the temple.

Nivedyams

Puliyodharai (Tamarind Rice), Dhadhyonam (Curd Rice), Pongal,Chakkarai Pongal, 
Vada, Adhirasam, Murukku are offered to Vishnu as nivedyamsand given to 
devotees as Prasadam. 

Importance

The temple is one of the 32 Group of Monuments atMahabalipuram that are 
declared as UN world heritage sites, but unlike others that aremaintained by 
the Archaeological Survey of India, the temple is maintained and administered 
by theHindu Religious and Endowment Board of the Government of Tamil Nadu.

Festivals

Maasi Makam is an important festival. The Uthsavaidol in the temple, along with 
His Consorts, and those of Valavendai Gnanapiranor Adivaraha and Sri Rama from 
nearby Padavedu temple, will be taken inprocession to the seashore at 
Mahabalipuram where special Poojas will beperformed and "Theerthavari" are 
offered. 

Bhoothatalwar's Avathara Utsavam is also an importantfestival.

Bhoothathalvar Avata Utsavam, the birth anniversary ofBhoothath Alvar is 
celebrated every year during the Tamil month of Aippasi(October - November). 

At around 10 am on the festival day, the festival image ofthe Alvar is brought 
in a palanquin to the shrine of Nilamangai Thayar and thento Stalasayana 
Perumal. After the recital of Periya Tirumoli of ThirumangaiAlvar, Kaithala 
Seva, a practise of providing a special gift to Bhoothath Alvaris performed. 
Bhootath Alvar also makes a trip to the Cave temple ofMahabalipuram. During the 
evening, the festival images of the presiding deityof Stalasayana Perumal and 
Bhoothath Alvar is taken around the streets of thetemple.

The temple celebrates various Hindu festivals, including Vaikunta Ekadashi, 
which is amajor annual festival dedicated to Lord Vishnu. During this festival, 
devoteesvisit the temple to seek the Lord’s blessings.

Specialty

 The temple isclassified as a Divya Desam, one of the 108 Vishnu temples that 
are mentionedin the book. Thirumangai Alvar considers the recliningform of 
Vishnu special as it is the only place where he reclines in groundwithout his 
traditional snake Adiseshan.

Administration

The temple is one of the 32 Group of Monuments atMahabalipuram that are 
declared as UN world heritage sites, but unlike othersthat are maintained by 
the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the temple ismaintained and 
administered by the Hindu Religious and Endowment Board of theGovernment of 
Tamil Nadu. ASI had a proposal to bring the maintenance of thetemple under its 
jurisdiction in July 2012. Following widespread protest by locals 
andshopkeepers the proposal was dropped by the central ministry of Culture 
inSeptember 2013.Sthalasayana Perumal Temple:

 Religious Significance: 

The temple is an important pilgrimage site for followers ofVaishnavism and 
devotees of Lord Vishnu. It is alsovisited by tourists interested in exploring 
the rich religious andarchitectural heritage of Tamil Nadu.

Annadanam

 The temple'scommitment to serving fresh and hot food through nithya annadhan 
seva reflectsits dedication to community welfare and spiritual nourishment. 

Temple timings

The Sthalasayana Perumal Temple in Mahabalipuram is open from6:00 AM to 12:00 
PM andfrom 3:00 PM to 8:30 PM daily. 

Location

This temple at Mahabalipuram is situated in Tamil Nadu 40 Kms away from 
Chennaiand 7 miles from Thiruvidanthai.

Dress Code

Since it is an Archaeological Hindu temple, we highlyrecommend you dress 
modestly and respectfully. Women can opt for long skirts,sarees, churidar/ 
salwar kameez, or pants. Men can wear long trousers or pants.However, both men 
and women are allowed to wear shorts. But it is advisable toavoid wearing any 
party wear or anything too revealing.

Address of the temple

Sthala Sayana Perumal Temple Address: S Mada St,Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu 
603104, India

Contact Number: +91-9444081142

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