CULTURAL QA 01202513
GENERAL QA- BASE QUORA QA DIGEST ON 14-1-2025. COMPILED
Q1 Why were Europeans looking for sea routes to India in the 15h
century?
KR It is not Greed since many countries navigated and traded
already so for goods competition became economic- necessity. And spices
were the main reason which was believed to be from Indies. England
navigated to find India, also known as "Indies," primarily for economic and
strategic reasons during the Age of Exploration, beginning in the late 15th
century. Here’s why:
Spices and Trade: During the 15th and 16th centuries, European demand for
spices, silk, cotton, and other exotic goods was high. These goods were
primarily found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Europeans,
particularly the Portuguese, Dutch, and later the English, sought direct
trade routes to these regions to bypass intermediaries, such as Arab
traders, who controlled overland routes.
Competition with Other European Powers: Spain and Portugal had already
established colonial empires in the Americas and parts of Asia. England,
looking to expand its influence and wealth, wanted to challenge their
dominance. Finding a sea route to India was part of this effort, and the
English ultimately succeeded with the establishment of the British East
India Company in the early 1600s.
The "Indies": At the time, Europeans often referred to the vast regions of
South and Southeast Asia as the "Indies," a term that came from the
mistaken belief that the islands of Southeast Asia were the easternmost
part of Asia, close to India. So, when explorers like Christopher Columbus
were searching for a direct sea route to India, they hoped to reach what
they called the "Indies."
In essence, England navigated to find India and the surrounding regions to
tap into the lucrative trade routes, gain wealth from valuable goods, and
establish strategic colonial footholds in the East.
II England’s Attempts to Reach India in the Sixteenth Century
1499–1599 The Portuguese soon found that they had other rivals in the
East besides the Turks. No Christian nation at the end of the fifteenth
century seriously disputed the Papal award. But England, France, Venice,
and Spain scrutinized its terms with keen eyes, and tried for a share of
the Asiatic trade by every means within the strict letter of the Bull and
the treaties based upon it. England’s century of failures, from 1497
onward, to reach India without infringing that settlement, disciplined to
distant maritime enterprise. The Venetians strove to bolster up the old
land routes through Syria and Egypt, as against the Cape passage, and
outraged Christendom by abetting the Mamluk Sultan in his struggle with
Portugal for the Indian seas. They thus retained the trade with Alexandria
and the Levant – a monopoly svhich they had in time to share with the
Turkey Company of England and the Mediterranean merchants of Marseilles.
The Venetians realized, indeed, that the ultimate victory must be with the
Cape route, and decided to divide its profits with Portugal in the West
while encouraging the Turkish onset against Portugal in the East. In 1521
the court of Lisbon refused an offer of the Republic of Venice to buy up
all the spices yearly brought to Portugal, over and above what Portugal
itself required. To the east of Suez, Venice made herself felt not by her
actual presence, but by her intrigues. In the Indo-Portuguese archives she
appears vaguely as an ill-wisher to Portugal and a confederate of the Turk.
The Indian letters to Lisbon report such incidents as the arrest of a
seditious Venetian pilot, or the apostasy of a Venetian who had turned
Moor; rumours of joint preparations by the Turks and Venetians against the
Portuguese; and apprehensions of the Turks and Venetians lest Portugal
should block their Red Sea route by the capture of Aden. Of the French we
hear little in the Indo-Portuguese records during the sixteenth century
except that “the French will be ill-advised if they come seeking us.”
Spain proved a more serious rival. The demarcation Bull of 1493 overlooked
the fact that the earth is a sphere. The Portuguese had, indeed, only to
pursue their discoveries far enough to the east of the dividing Ferdinand
Magellan line, and the Spaniards to push theirs far enough to the west, in
order that the two nations should meet angrily on the other side of the
globe. This they did in 1521. Magellan, disgusted by the ingratitude of
Portugal for his services under Albuquerque in the East Indies, offered in
1517 to find out for Spain a new road to Asia. Starting from Seville with
five ships in 1519, he coasted down the American continent till he
discovered the straits which bear his name. Then striking northwest across
the Pacific he made the Philippine Islands, where he was killed in 1521.
But his squadron proceeded to the Moluccas, which had already been reached
by the Portuguese via the Cape of Good Hope. One ship of Magellan’s five
succeeded in returning to Seville in 1522, having sailed round the world
and thus opened a lawful route for Spain into the East India seas.
III English Levant Company, expanded in 1593 into an overland Indian
company, found itself menaced. The union of the Spanish and Portuguese
crowns, in this respect also, compelled the Eastern trade to seek a new
route. Among concurrent causes which led to the founding of the Dutch and
English East India Companies the travels of Linschoten and Fitch held a
distinctive place. From 1583 to 1589, John Huyghen van Linschoten of
Haarlem dwelt at Goa in the train of the Portuguese archbishop. A keen
observer, and a Dutchman at heart, Linschoten on his return to Europe in
1592 placed at the service of his country the stores of knowledge which he
had accumulated in Indo-Portuguese employ. The States-General granted him a
license to publish his work in 1594, and although the First Part, or the
Itinerario proper, was not completed till 1596, the Second Part, setting
forth the routes to India, was available in 1595. Its effect was
instantaneous. In 1595 a squadron of four ships was despatched under
Cornelius Houtman “to the countries lying on the other side of the Cape of
Good Hope,” and the journals of the voyage show that Linschoten’s sailing
directory was used on board. Houtman returned in 1597, having lost
two-thirds of his crews and done little in actual trade, but bringing back
a treaty with the King of Bantam which opened up the Indian Archipelago to
Holland.
Linschoten’s work was some sort of a revelation. All northern Europe
learned that the path lay open to India, and that the Indian system of
Portugal was rotten to the core. English and German translations appeared
in 1598, two Latin translations in 1599, and a French translation in 1610.
The preface to the English edition in 1598, by W. P. (generally supposed to
be William Philip), sounded like a trumpet-call to the nation, and gave a
direct impulse to the founding of the East India Company. It speaks of the
“great provinces, puissant cities, and unmeasurable islands” of the Indies.
“I doo not doubt, but yet I doo most heartily pray,” it adds, “and wish
that this poore Translation may work in our English nation a further desire
and increase of honour over all Countreys of the Worlde” by means of “our
Wooden Walles.”
England had, meanwhile, received a similar impulse of her own, and
from a native source. In 1591 Ralph Fitch returned to London with a
marvellous tale of travel. The first Englishman who dwelt in India was
Thomas Stephens, of New College, Oxford, 1579, unless we accept the legend
of Sighelmus of Sherbourne’s pilgrimage to the tomb of St. Thomas near
Madras, in the reign of King Alfred. As rector of the Jesuits’ College at
Goa, Stephens’s letters to his father are said to have quickened the desire
of the English merchants for direct trade with the East. In 1583 Ralph
Fitch set forth with three principal companions bearing letters from Queen
Elizabeth to the King of Cambay and to the Emperor of China. They journeyed
by the Euphrates valley to Ormuz, where they were arrested by the
Portuguese, and carried thence as prisoners to Goa. Emerging from this
captivity in 1584, Fitch visited the court of the Emperor Akbar, in
northern India; one of his companions married a native woman, another
entered the Moghul service, a third had turned monk at Goa. But Fitch went
on. After many adventures in Burma, Malacca, the “Golden Chersonesus,” and
Bengal, he again explored the Portuguese misrule in Cochin and Goa, and
thrilled London in 1591 with the magnificent possibilities of Eastern
commerce. The effect was, as we have seen, the expansion of the Turkey
Company into an East India Company in 1593, with a charter to trade through
the Grand Seignior’s “countries overland to the East Indies.” Its ultimate
consequences were more important. Fitch had done for England perhaps less
than Linschoten did for Holland. But the less sufficed.
It now became a race between England and Holland for the capture
of the Indian trade. Houtman’s expedition of 1595–1597, under the impulse
of Linschoten, was quickly succeeded by others. In 1598 five other Dutch
squadrons sailed, including the one under the famous Van Neck, whose return
with more treaties and a rich freight intoxicated the nation. Houtman
himself went forth on a second expedition, in which he and many others were
treacherously slain. The survivors returned in 1600. Between 1595 and 1601
no fewer than fifteen Dutch expeditions started for India by the Cape of
Good Hope or the Straits of Magellan. By that time associations for Eastern
trade had been formed through-out the United Provinces, and in 1602 they
were amalgamated by the States-General into the Dutch East India
Company. England
pressed hard after Holland, although with less certain steps. It seemed,
indeed, that Captain Lancaster’s heroic voyage of 1591–1594 had given the
lead to our nation, and if followed up it would certainly have placed us
first in the race. But Elizabeth still cherished some flickering fancies
about Spain; the States-General indulged in no illusions regarding Philip
II and had got beyond hopes or fears. Moreover England had rival interests
– the Muscovy Company with its old route through Russia, and the Turkey
Company with its new charter for trade to India by the Levant; for Holland
the question was the Cape route or none. During Lancaster’s absence in the
Asiatic seas Elizabeth heard from Seville that, rather than let the English
trade with the Indies, the Spaniards “will sell their wives and children.”
However, in 1596 she consented to an expedition of three ships,
mainly at the charge of Sir Robert Dudley, and gave it a letter to the
Emperor of China. The little squadron under Captain Benjamin Wood was
obscurely heard of in 1598 as having captured two Portuguese treasure-ships
on their way from Goa to China, but not a single man returned to England to
give an account of its fate. The English crews were killed off by sickness
till only four men remained, and they were cast ashore on a small island
near Puerto Rico. Of this miserable remnant, three were murdered by
Spaniards for the sake of the treasure they had with them. The fourth,
after relating his sad story to the Spanish officers of justice, was
poisoned. The loss of this expedition hung like a cloud over the English
merchants, while the Dutch were drinking deep to the Indian treaties and
rich cargoes of Van Neck.
“Thus perished,” wrote a despondent British chronicler, our “attempt to
open a passage into India.” The check was only for a moment. In 1598 the
English translation of Linschoten’s Itinerario made the London merchants
realize afresh the splendour of the prize and the certainty that it was
about to pass from the Catholic South to the Protestant North. The report
that the Dutch had bought up ships in England for a new voyage stung
English national pride. In 1599 the London merchants gave counter-check by
an enthusiastic subscription of £30,133 for an East Indian voyage, and
begged the queen’s royal assent to the expedition “for the honour of our
native country, and for the advancement of trade of merchandise within this
realm of England.” The commercial rivalry between Holland and England –
that rivalry which was to outlast generations, to affect profoundly the
European policy and national antipathies of England, to burn British ships
in the Medway, and to stamp the tragedy of Amboyna in letters of blood upon
England’s Asiatic history – now stood revealed. {AND THIS IS THE REAL
HISTORY AND THERE IS NO POINT OF GRUDGE ENSUED SINCE MIND APPLICATION IS
LACKING {HISTORY OF India by A V William Jackson}
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Q2 What can make anybody think that every other human race
originated from Africa?
KR Genetics is vast subject and the African migration theory is at
the back than once pursued; at the same time the complex migrations all
over the earth exchanged X and Y chromo and a small percentage of world
population have common DNA factor; and last month Indian research had
released the genetic files which had established theory of migrations from
India and Europe. Long back when this compiler was persisting on the same
question again and again, I gave narked replies denying his lack of
knowledge in genetics; there is no point in accusing me that I am the only
one who learned etc phrases used by the compiler. Whenever subjects of this
kind are taken up, he should read a lot or else refrain from and attend
only to jokes. Without proper home work all questions of high priorities
are attempted with errors, thinking the writers in that forum are
standards; as long as he tries to know fully without making half-baked as
knowledgeable against the authority I so far provided, without even reading
AND LATER SPREADING ACCUSATIONS AGAINST, CALLS FOR DUE PROBITY. Now the
facts:
No, we do not accept the idea that all of the world’s population today
comes solely from the "Bushmen" (San people) or any single group. However,
the San people do play a critical role in our understanding of human
ancestry. Here’s why: { here there is no point in arguing “I only raised a
question etc”; that would lead to a bad propaganda by the compiler that the
compiler is African .}
Early Human Ancestry: The San people are often referred to as the
descendants *of one of the oldest known* human populations. Genetic studies
have shown that their DNA is among the most ancient on Earth, and they are
closely related to some of the first Homo sapiens who emerged in Africa
around 200,000 years ago. This suggests that their ancestors may have been
among the first groups to leave the African continent and spread across the
world, but they are not the only ancestors of all modern humans.
Mitochondrial Eve and Y-Chromosomal Adam: Genetic research supports
the idea that modern humans (Homo sapiens) have a common ancestry that
traces back to a group of early humans living in Africa. Studies of
mitochondrial DNA (passed down through mothers) and Y-chromosomes (passed
through fathers) suggest that all humans alive today share a common
ancestral population in Africa, which was a very diverse group, including
the ancestors of the San, but also other groups. Therefore, while the San
are part of this ancestry, the idea that all modern humans come exclusively
from the San is not accurate.
Out of Africa Theory: The most widely accepted model of human
migration is the Out of Africa theory, which suggests that Homo sapiens
first emerged in Africa and then spread to the rest of the world. As Homo
sapiens migrated, they interbred with other hominid species, such as
Neanderthals
in Europe and Denisovans in Asia, contributing to the genetic diversity of
the global population. The San are an example of one of the longest
continuous populations, but humanity’s genetic tree is far more complex and
includes various ancestral branches. {SO, THERE WERE POPULATION ELSEWHERE
ALSO; AS ISLAM INVASIONS BROUGHT MUSLIM POPULATION BY Mitochondria eves of
India, so too world over, all displaced human would have perpetrated
populations of different kinds; as a matter of fact, a high percentage of
eastern Greeks are Y chromo Mahabharata war displaced settlers. So better
to study a vast subject and Pros and cons, Far and against and then draw
the right thing instead of repeatedly polluting the groups with wrong
information.}
Genetic Diversity and Evolution: It’s also important to note that the
global population today represents a vast array of genetic diversity due to
thousands of years of migration, intermarriage, and adaptation. While all
humans share a common African ancestry, it’s not accurate to say that all
humans today are directly descended from any one group, such as the San.
{common ancestry could be either way depending on who was X and who
was Y.} Instead,
we are part of a much larger, interconnected family tree that spans across
time and space.
Not the Only "Root" Population: The San are incredibly important for
understanding early human history, but they represent just one branch of a
larger and more diverse human family tree. Other populations across Africa,
such as the Khoikhoi and other early African groups, also contributed to
the gene pool of modern humans. While genetic evidence shows that all
modern humans share a common African origin, it's important to understand
that human ancestry is complex. The San are among the oldest surviving
populations, but they are not the sole ancestors of all modern humans.
Instead, they represent one important lineage within the broader context of
human evolution.
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Q3 How are vultures different from other birds?
KR How many times are the same question in different roopam?
That too unaware of the descriptions of the vultures in many texts and
depending only on some tribe as answer?
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Q4 Why can't sea water be used to extinguish fire?
KR: The question has no negative relevance and L. A fire in the USA
is totally different every year and this time water shortage and chemical
and flights non araciality spread it so wild. The person who replied had
diverted without proper reply and the compiler dived along with.
In emergencies, sea water can sometimes be used to extinguish fires,
but it depends on the type of fire and the specific situation. Here’s why
it can be effective in some cases but not in others:
When Sea Water Can Help Extinguish Fires:
Class A Fires (Solid Materials like Wood, Paper, or Fabric):
Sea water can be effective in extinguishing Class A fires because it cools
down the burning material, suppressing the heat and causing it to
extinguish. Water, in general, works by removing heat from the fire and
lowering the temperature below the material's ignition point.
Marine Fires (Ships or Offshore Platforms):
Sea water is often used to fight fires on ships, oil rigs, or offshore
platforms, where there is easy access to it. Firefighting systems on ships
and rigs use seawater for cooling and fire suppression. This is because
there’s an abundant supply of water available, and in those situations,
it's more practical than carrying large amounts of freshwater.
When Sea Water Is Not Ideal:
Class B Fires (Flammable Liquids like Oil or Gas):
Sea water is not effective for fighting Class B fires. These fires involve
flammable liquids, and using water (including seawater) can cause the fire
to spread. For example, in a marine oil fire, water could cause the burning
liquid to spread over a larger area, potentially making the fire worse.
Electrical Fires (Class C):
Water should never be used on electrical fires because it is a conductor of
electricity, which can lead to electrocution or further damage to
electrical equipment. Even though sea water is highly conductive due to its
salt content, the general rule is to never use water on electrical fires.
Saltwater Corrosion:
While sea water may put out a fire, it can cause long-term damage to
structures and equipment. The salt in sea water can corrode metals and
other materials, which may make it less desirable for fighting fires on
certain types of machinery, electronics, or delicate equipment.
Wildfires (Land-based Fires):
In some cases, sea water could be used to fight wildfires, particularly in
coastal areas where access to sea water is readily available. However, due
to the large amounts of water required and the distance from the ocean,
it's often not practical. Additionally, using saltwater on land fires could
have adverse environmental effects. Sea water can extinguish fires in
certain emergency situations, especially on ships or offshore platforms,
and for Class A fires, but it is not a universal solution. For certain
types of fires, such as those involving flammable liquids or electrical
fires, sea water could make the situation worse. It's important to assess
the type of fire and the resources available before deciding to use sea
water. THE SPEED OF SPREAD, CLIMATES, BREATH OF FIRE, TIMINGS, PASSAGES
BLOCKED, INACCESSIBILITY AND SO MANY FACTORS ONLY MAKE THE NATURE MORE
POWERFUL.
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K Rajaram IRS 14125
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Gopala Krishnan <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2025 at 18:36
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 01-2025-13
To: <[email protected]>
CULTURAL QA 01-2025-13
GENERAL QA- BASE QUORA QA DIGEST ON 14-1-2025. COMPILED
Q1 Why were Europeans looking for sea routes to India in the 15h
century?
A1 Silk Road, Physics/History Connoisseur6mo
The 15th century wasn't exactly a time of peace, love, and understanding.
Europeans were a greedy bunch, constantly at each other's throats and
obsessed with the finer things in life – spices, silks, and all the
luxurious stuff that the East had to offer.
But the traditional trade routes to India and China, those dusty old Silk
Roads, were a damn mess.
They were overrun by the Ottoman Empire, a bunch of power-hungry pricks who
jacked up prices and made life hell for European merchants.
So, what's a bunch of spice-starved Europeans to do?
Find a new damn route, of course.
And since they were a seafaring bunch with delusions of grandeur, they
figured, "Why the hell not sail around the damn world?"
This wasn't just about bypassing those Ottomans. It was about power,
control, and getting their hands on all that sweet, sweet Asian loot.
This was a cutthroat race fueled by greed and ego.
The Portuguese, led by Henry the Navigator, kicked things off with their
relentless exploration of the African coast.
They were determined to find a way around that pesky continent and straight
into the spice markets of India.
And you know what? They actually pulled it off.
Vasco da Gama, finally rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1498 and opened up
a direct sea route to India.
Of course, the Spanish weren't about to let the Portuguese have all the
fun. They sent that delusional idiot Christopher Columbus westward,
thinking he'd hit India.
Spoiler alert: he didn't.
But hey, he stumbled upon a whole new continent filled with gold, silver,
and enough resources to make even the greediest European drool.
So, while the Portuguese were busy dominating the Indian Ocean, the Spanish
were carving out their own bloody empire in the Americas.
It was a win-win for European greed, if you can ignore all the genocide and
exploitation.
In the end, the European quest for sea routes to India was a messy,
violent, and often morally bankrupt affair.
But it also kick-started a new era of globalization, connecting the East
and West in ways that would shape the world for centuries to come.
A complicated legacy, but one thing's for sure – it wasn't about making
friends or expanding cultural horizons.
It was about power, money, and a whole lot of damn spices.
Q2 What can make anybody think that every other human race
originated from Africa?
A2 Steven Haddock, Studied at York University (Canada)6mo
These are Bushmen.The Bushmen can be found in a large area in southwest
Africa, mostly around the country of Botswana
Despite having a population of far less than 1% of the world’s total
population, the Bushmen have the largest genetic variation of anyone in the
world, and the most linguistic variation of any group of people in the
world. Two Bushmen who speak different languages are less closely related
than Europeans and Australian aboriginals. If you killed everyone on the
planet except the Bushmen, you would still have over 99% of human genetic
variation preserved.
The only way a population could have that much genetic variation is that
they have been breeding with each other for a very, very long time. For
example, we know that every person of European ancestry had a common set of
ancestors that lived about 40,000 years ago. For the Bushmen, it’s closer
to 200,000 years ago. There’s more genetic variation among the Bushmen than
the rest of Africans COMBINED, and Africans still have far more genetic
variation than any other continent - far more than Europeans.
Now, more languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea than by the Bushmen, but
there are also about 100 times more Papuans than Bushmen, and we know that
Papuans arrived in that region about 11,000 years ago, and that the
geography of the area isolates populations and this led to language
variation. The geography of where the Bushmen live is pretty much flat but
they’ve still developed more languages than Europe has with a fraction of
the population.And you can trace your genetic ancestry back to pretty much
any Bushman. You’re clearly cousins, although distant ones.
Q3 How are vultures different from other birds?
A3 Amy Christa Ernano, Armchair ornithologist; birds fascinate
me 4y
It's all in their digestive systems.
Ever wonder how vultures can eat rotting, potentially contaminated flesh
without getting sick? It's because their stomach acid is among the most
corrosive in the animal kingdom. Vultures can digest meat contaminated with
things like botulism, anthrax, and cholera, not only without getting sick,
but while also effectively killing the pathogens and preventing their
spread. Vultures evolved to be scavengers, and they are nature's ultimate
cleanup crew.
This is why they're so important to their ecosystems, and so beneficial
(and necessary) to humans. When other animals, like dogs, cats, or rats,
scavenge, they become carriers of any disease the scavenged animal may have
had (that's assuming it doesn't kill them), and help it to spread. When a
vulture does it, the pathogens are killed.
In India and Nepal, numerous species of vulture that were once plentiful
are now on the verge of extinction, due mainly to the use of the now-banned
veterinary drug Diclofenac, which is toxic to vultures. The white-rumped
vulture, for example, has decreased in population from as many as 80
million in the 1980′s to just a few thousand today.
White-rumped vulture:
The Indian vulture crisis, as it's called, has resulted in a dramatic
increase in disease (from rotting carcasses, which often contaminate water
sources) in India, as well as a spike in the feral dog population, which in
turn has caused a dramatic increase in rabies cases.
Vultures have gotten a bad rap over the centuries; not only do they eat
dead, rotting things, most of them also aren't “pretty” birds. But vultures
are much, much more important and beneficial to us humans than most of
those pretty birds we admire so much. They're truly remarkable animals, and
I hope we can save them.
Q4 Why can't sea water be used to extinguish fire?
A4 Aishwarya SK, Lives in San Francisco Bay Area12h
Yesterday, one of my relatives in India asked me this question in the wake
of the ongoing Los Angeles fires.
LA is on the banks of the world’s largest ocean, the Pacific, so why can’t
they just lift the ocean water and dump it on the fires?
Freshwater is the preferred source to extinguish fire and saltwater is
looked at as a last resort strategy because of a few main reasons:
If the firefighters fill their tanks with saltwater from an ocean or a sea,
it can corrode their equipment substantially
Saltwater can also have negative consequences on the local ecosystems where
it is dumped. This has been tested before through experimentations. Being
exposed to salty water for just 30 hours caused the test trees to brown
weeks earlier than normal. The soil chemistry and structure were also
altered.
The damage to ocean/sea flora and fauna which get lifted along with the
water is another consideration
Sadly, the devastation in LA has been so immense that firefighters have
already begun using ocean water as an extreme measure, which shows how dire
the situation has become.
Canada has leased their Super Scooper planes to Los Angeles County which
lift water directly from the nearest water body and dump it on the affected
areas to contain the spread of fire.
One plane had to be urgently grounded as it got hit by a civilian drone.
Reports say that Canada is preparing to send two more super scoopers to
speed up the process.
To conclude, dumping saltwater in dry areas not used to being soaked, like
the LA for instance, could have disastrous consequences. It is used only as
a last resort when fresh water is not going to be immediately available.
Q5 What is the funniest joke you've been told that you still
think about to this day?
A5 Peter Farrahy, Oct 21
During an interview, on British television, many years ago. Bob Newhart was
asked what Americans thought of British attitudes to humour.
He replied” Some Americans think they are a little slow on the uptake”.
He was then asked if he could give an example. He then told this joke.
An Englishman is in a New York cab, traveling from the airport to his hotel.
Traffic is slow and so the cab driver turns to his passenger and asks “Do
you like riddles?
I beg your pardon.
Riddles, puzzles.
Oh, yes I do.Okay I have one for you.
This is a guess who this is….right?
Yes.
It is not my father and it is not my mother, sister or brother.
Who is it.
After some thought the Englishman declares that he cannot find an answer.
Gleefully, the driver says it’s MEEEEEE.
Oh, yes I see.
Some weeks later, the Englishman is at a dinner party in London and people
are telling stories so he says.
I say, would you care to hear a riddle , puzzle sort of thing,that I was
told in New York?
Oh yes, please do, they reply.
It is a guessing riddle. He explains. Who am I describing/ You see?
It is not my father nor my mother nor my sister or my brother
Who is it?
The people at the table ask him for the answer and he says.
It’s a New York Cab driver.
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