Thank u Where the least percentage like us are not carried away and where certain parties mislead the majority by hoodwinking of ambedkar as well as the people simultaneously ; Rahul shall learn and behave better. KRF IRS 201224
On Fri, 20 Dec 2024 at 10:18, APS Mani <[email protected]> wrote: > A fine article, though lengthy worth the time. I like the quote of TTK > Sir. So many others too. Thanks for this gift. Though read many times > about Dr Ambedkar, we forget what we had read. Thus this article is a > boon. Mani > > On Fri, Dec 20, 2024 at 8:56 AM Rajaram Krishnamurthy < > [email protected]> wrote: > >> AMBEDKAR COULD ADVANCE IN 1800-1900 IF SO WHY RESERVATIOONS NOW/ >> >> Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956) was born on 14 April 1891 in Mhow >> Cantonment, Madhya Pradesh. He completed his primary schooling in Satara, >> Maharashtra and completed his secondary education from Elphinstone High >> School in Bombay. His education was achieved in the face of significant >> discrimination, for he belonged to the Scheduled Caste (then considered as >> ‘untouchables’). In his autobiographical note ‘Waiting for a Visa’, he >> recalled how he was not allowed to drink water from the common water tap at >> his school, writing, “no peon, no water”. >> >> Dr Ambedkar graduated from Bombay University in 1912 with a B.A. in >> Economics and Political Science. On account of his excellent performance at >> college, in 1913 he was awarded a scholarship by Sayajirao Gaikwad, then >> Maharaja (King) of Baroda state to pursue his M.A. and Ph.D. at Columbia >> University in New York, USA. His Master’s thesis in 1916 was titled “The >> Administration and Finance of the East India Company”. He submitted his >> Ph.D. thesis on “The Evolution of Provincial Finance in India: A Study in >> the Provincial Decentralization of Imperial Finance”. >> >> After Columbia, Dr. Ambedkar moved to London, where he registered at the >> London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) to study economics, >> and enrolled in Grey’s Inn to study law. However, due to lack of funds, he >> had to return to India in 1917. In 1918, he became a Professor of Political >> Economy at Sydenham College, Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay). During this time, >> he submitted a statement to the Southborough Committee demanding universal >> adult franchise. >> >> In 1920, with the financial assistance from Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj of >> Kolhapur, a personal loan from a friend and his savings from his time in >> India, Dr. Ambedkar returned to London to complete his education. In 1922, >> he was called to the bar and became a barrister-at-law. He also completed >> his M.S.c. and D.S.c. from the LSE. His doctoral thesis was later published >> as “The Problem of the Rupee”. >> >> After his return to India, Dr Ambedkar founded Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha >> (Society for Welfare of the Ostracized) and led social movements such as >> Mahad Satyagraha in 1927 to demand justice and equal access to public >> resources for the historically oppressed castes of the Indian society. In >> the same year, he entered the Bombay Legislative Council as a nominated >> member. >> >> Subsequently, Dr. Ambedkar made his submissions before the Indian >> Statutory Commission also known as the ‘Simon Commission’ on constitutional >> reforms in 1928. The reports of the Simon Commission resulted in the three >> roundtable conferences between 1930-32, where Dr. Ambedkar was invited to >> make his submissions. >> >> In 1935, Dr. Ambedkar was appointed as the Principal of Government Law >> College, Mumbai, where he was teaching as a Professor since 1928. >> Thereafter, he was appointed as the Labour Member (1942-46) in the >> Viceroy’s Executive Council. >> >> In 1946, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly of India. On 15 >> August 1947, he took oath as the first Law Minister of independent India. >> Subsequently, he was elected Chairperson of the Drafting Committee of the >> Constituent Assembly, and steered the process of drafting of India’s >> Constitution. Mahavir Tyagi, a member of the Constituent Assembly, >> described Dr. Ambedkar as “the main artist” who “laid aside his brush and >> unveiled the picture for the public to see and comment upon”. Dr. Rajendra >> Prasad, who presided over the Constituent Assembly and later became the >> first President of the Indian Republic, said: “Sitting in the Chair and >> watching the proceedings from day to day, I have realised as nobody else >> could have, with what zeal and devotion the members of the Drafting >> Committee and especially its Chairman, Dr. Ambedkar in spite of his >> indifferent health, have worked. We could never make a decision which was >> or could be ever so right as when we put him on the Drafting Committee and >> made him its Chairman. He has not only justified his selection but has >> added luster to the work which he has done.” >> >> After the first General Election in 1952, he became a member of the Rajya >> Sabha. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Columbia >> University in the same year. In 1953, he was also awarded another honorary >> doctorate from Osmania University, Hyderabad. >> >> Dr. Ambedkar’s health worsened in 1955 due to prolonged illness. He >> passed away in his sleep on 6 December 1956 in Delhi. >> >> II In the constitution assembly, a member of the drafting >> committee, T. T. Krishnamachari said: >> >> >> >> Mr. President, Sir, I am one of those in the House who have listened to >> Dr. Ambedkar very carefully. I am aware of the amount of work and >> enthusiasm that he has brought to bear on the work of drafting this >> Constitution. At the same time, I do realise that that amount of attention >> that was necessary for the purpose of drafting a constitution so important >> to us at this moment has not been given to it by the Drafting Committee. >> The House is perhaps aware that of the seven members nominated by you, one >> had resigned from the House and was replaced. One died and was not >> replaced. One was away in America and his place was not filled up and >> another person was engaged in State affairs, and there was a void to that >> extent. One or two people were far away from Delhi and perhaps reasons of >> health did not permit them to attend. So it happened ultimately that the >> burden of drafting this constitution fell on Dr. Ambedkar and I have no >> doubt that we are grateful to him for having achieved this task in a manner >> which is undoubtedly commendable. >> >> >> >> III B. R. Ambedkar in his concluding speech in constituent assembly >> on 25 November 1949 stated that: >> >> >> >> *The credit that is given to me does not really belong to me. It belongs >> partly to Sir B.N. Rau the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent >> Assembly who prepared a rough draft of the Constitution for the >> consideration of Drafting Committee*. A part of the credit must go to >> the members of the Drafting Committee who, as I have said, have sat for 141 >> days and without whose ingenuity to devise new formulae and capacity to >> tolerate and to accommodate different points of view, the task of framing >> the Constitution could not have come to so successful a conclusion. Much >> greater share of the credit must go to Mr. S. N. Mukherjee , the Chief >> Draftsman of the Constitution. His ability to put the most intricate >> proposals in the simplest and clearest legal form can rarely be equalled, >> nor his capacity for hard work. He has been an acquisition to the Assembly. >> Without his help this Assembly would have taken many more years to finalise >> the Constitution. I must not omit to mention the members of the staff >> working under Mr. Mukherjee. For, I known how hard they worked and how long >> they have toiled sometimes even beyond midnight. I want to thank them all >> for their effort and their co-operation. >> >> >> >> IV Timeline of formation of the Constitution of India >> >> 6 December 1946: Formation of the Constitution Assembly (in accordance >> with French practice) >> >> 9 December 1946: The first meeting was held in the constitution hall (now >> the Central Hall of Parliament House). The 1st person to address was J. B. >> Kripalani, Sacchidananda Sinha became temporary president. (Demanding a >> separate state, the Muslim League boycotted the meeting.) >> >> 11 December 1946: The Assembly appointed Rajendra Prasad as its >> president, H. C. Mukherjee as its vice-president and, B. N. Rau as >> constitutional legal adviser. (There were initially 389 members in >> total, which declined to 299 after partition, out of the 389 members, 292 >> were from government provinces, four from chief commissioner provinces and >> 93 from princely states.) >> >> 13 December 1946: An "Objective Resolution" was presented by Jawaharlal >> Nehru, laying down the underlying principles of the constitution. This >> later became the Preamble of the Constitution. >> >> 22 January 1947: Objective resolution unanimously adopted. >> >> 22 July 1947: National flag adopted. >> >> 15 August 1947: Achieved independence. India split into the Dominion of >> India and the Dominion of Pakistan. >> >> 29 August 1947: Drafting Committee appointed with B. R. Ambedkar as its >> chairman. The other six members of committee were K.M. Munshi, Muhammed >> Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Devi Prasad >> Khaitan and BL Mitter >> >> 16 July 1948: Along with Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, V. T. Krishnamachari >> was also elected as second vice-president of Constituent Assembly. >> >> 26 November 1949: The Constitution of India was passed and adopted by the >> assembly >> >> 24 January 1950: Last meeting of Constituent Assembly. The Constitution >> was signed and accepted (with 395 Articles, 8 Schedules, and 22 Parts) >> >> 26 January 1950: The Constitution came into force. (The process took 2 >> years, 11 months and 18 days—at a total expenditure of ₹6.4 million to >> finish.) >> >> G. V. Mavlankar was the first Speaker of the Lok Sabha (the lower house >> of Parliament) after India turned into a republic. >> >> V Membership >> >> B. R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, >> Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ganesh >> Vasudev Mavalankar, Sandipkumar Patel, Abul Kalam Azad, Shyama Prasad >> Mukherjee, Nalin Ranjan Ghosh, and Balwantrai Mehta were key figures in the >> assembly, which had over 30 representatives of the scheduled classes. Frank >> Anthony represented the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were >> represented by H. P. Modi. Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a Christian assembly >> vice-president, chaired the minorities committee and represented >> non-Anglo-Indian Christians. Ari Bahadur Gurung represented the Gorkha >> community. Judges, such as Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Benegal Narsing >> Rau, K. M. Munshi and Ganesh Mavlankar were members of the assembly. >> Female members included Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, >> Amrit Kaur and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. >> >> The first, two-day president of the assembly was Sacchidananda Sinha; >> Rajendra Prasad was later elected president. It met for the first time on 9 >> December 1946. >> >> Drafting >> >> .Sir B. N. Rau, a civil servant who became the first Indian judge in the >> International Court of Justice and was president of the United Nations >> Security Council, was appointed as the assembly's constitutional adviser in >> 1946 . Responsible for the constitution's general structure, Rau >> prepared its initial draft in February 1948 The draft of B.N. Rau consisted >> of 243 articles and 13 schedules which came to 395 articles and 8 schedules >> after discussions, debates and amendments. >> >> At 14 August 1947 meeting of the assembly, committees were proposed Rau's >> draft was considered, debated and amended by the seven-member drafting >> committee, which was appointed on 29 August 1947 with B. R. Ambedkar as >> chair. A revised draft constitution was prepared by the committee and >> submitted to the assembly on 4 November 1947. >> >> Before adopting the constitution, the assembly held eleven sessions in >> 165 days On 26 November 1949, it adopted the constitution, which was signed >> by 284 members The day is celebrated as National Law Day, or Constitution >> Day The day was chosen to spread the importance of the constitution and to >> spread thoughts and ideas of Ambedkar. >> >> A bespectacled Jawaharlal Nehru bending over a large book >> >> Jawaharlal Nehru signing the constitution >> >> The assembly's final session convened on 24 January 1950. Each member >> signed two copies of the constitution, one in Hindi and the other in >> English. The original constitution is hand-written, with each page >> decorated by artists from Shantiniketan including Beohar Rammanohar Sinha >> and Nandalal Bose Its calligrapher was Prem Behari Narain Raizada. The >> constitution was published in Dehradun and photolithographed by the Survey >> of India. Production of the original constitution took nearly five years. >> Two days later, on 26 January 1950, it became the law of India The >> estimated cost of the Constituent Assembly was ₹6.3 crore. The constitution >> has had more than 100 amendments since it was enacted. >> >> Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> VI What was the work done by Ambedkar for the nation: >> >> He played a pivotal role (as chairman of the committee while work was >> done by B N Rau ICS) in drafting the Indian Constitution, embedding >> principles >> of equality, liberty, and fraternity (as provided by Nehru which became >> the pre-amble). In 1956, he embraced Buddhism to reject the caste >> hierarchy, inspiring millions to follow his path. Ambedkar's legacy >> endures as a beacon of empowerment and social reform in India. >> >> Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's Contribution to Nation Building Jhunubala >> Das As a social reformer, Dr. Ambedkar believed in peaceful methods of >> social change. He was supported to constitutional lines in the >> evolutionary process of social transformation. He thought the factors >> like law and order are indispensable for social life. It also strives to >> sustain institutions that will make better ‘social order’. He was >> opposed to the violent methods in social change for it hinders the >> tranquillity and creates chaos. He had no faith in anarchy methods. A >> welfare state of all cannot be developed on the grounds of terror, force >> and brutal methods. According to him violent methods to a peaceful society >> is not only improper but also unscientific and immoral inequalities in the >> society. >> >> He urged them to build organizations to deal with urgent cases of >> discrimination. The organizations should deal the powerful section of >> society to give a chance to the oppressed and depressed classes to work in >> different sectors. The Hindu society should give a space to depressed >> sections by employing them in their various sectors suited to the >> capacities of applicants. According to Dr. Ambedkar, social change and >> social justice are indeed critical to the egalitarianism that any democracy >> must aspire it. >> >> As a social democrat Dr. Ambedkar stressed on a much broader notion >> of stable reconstruction of country with inclusive growth and cultural >> integration in the Nation without caste discrimination. As the major >> architect of the Indian Constitution, Dr. Ambedkar constructed the >> safeguards for establishing a more equitable society to millions of >> oppressed and depressed classes. (If so why quota system were drafted >> separately?) >> >> In this process, Dr. Ambedkar emerges not only as a valiant upholder of >> the Indian democratic republic, but also captures the uniquely distinctive >> place in the Indian Pantheon as a rare intellectual mass leader who >> awakened the social conscience of Modern India. >> >> Odisha Review >> >> Dr. Ambedkar always showed his followers, through the way he lived >> his own life, that education and hard work alone held the key to their >> liberation. The untouchables had been a demoralized, helpless group of >> people, but Ambedkar taught them to stop waiting for help to come from the >> outside and to rely upon themselves instead. The idea was a >> revolutionary one for a people who had always been told that their lot in >> life was preordained and that they had no control over it. He strongly >> believed that political institutions were responsible for reforming the >> existing social institutions by using legislative force to yield the >> results. Political institutions will survive only when they actively work >> for social reformation. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was a freedom fighter of the >> truest kind, *not merely dreaming of setting India force from British >> rule, but of transforming India into a country where freedom holds meaning >> for everyone.* While Mahatma Gandhi led fellow Indians in a struggle >> against discrimination in South Africa, Dr. Ambedkar led a battle, too, >> against prejudice within his own country. By securing equality for his >> community, he was creating a more equal world for us all. Dr. B. R. >> Ambedkar as an emancipator of the Dalits Dr. Ambedkar dedicated his life >> for the uplifting of Dalits. He was opposed to the theory of caste-based >> superiority and social discrimination. He made a path for legal rights to >> enact the laws in connection with progress of dalits which could positively >> change their lives. >> >> Dr. Ambedkar said, “You can change your lot, but do not flock to >> temples hoping for justice to come to you in heaven. There is justice to >> be found on earth if you can fight for it. This idea gave them a new >> courage and a sense of self respect that they had never known before. The >> Ambedkar statue was an icon for depressed and oppressed classes civil >> rights. His posture, Constitution in his hand and showing a new path for >> millions of downtrodden people to modern society were symbols in the new >> era. To conclude, Dr. Ambedkar has always resembled in lives of 160 million >> strong Dalit communities throughout the country. >> >> Dr. Ambedkar views were consistently been inspiring the oppressed, >> depressed and the downtrodden classes to challenge the dominant strands of >> political articulations in the country. According to Raja Sekhar Vundru >> who calls Dr. Ambedkar as the other father said: “Dr. Ambedkar gave >> millions of untouchables an identity of their own … (He) is now regarded as >> a great Indian, a person relevant for all times to come. This is not >> because his followers are unwavering in their devotion, or that they happen >> to be numerically higher than supporters of any other person (dead or >> living) in India, and certainly not because he probably has been >> represented in the highest number of statues erected for any man in >> history. It is because his following has transcended generations. His >> relevance political, social, ideological, religious, economic will persist >> as long as the clamour and struggle for justice and equal rights exists”. >> very early on that he had a lot to achieve and that time would always be >> running out for him. He was an intellectual giant and perhaps if the plight >> of the untouchables had not pushed him into politics, he could have been a >> scholar. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in “Annihilation of Caste” has remarked; an >> ideal society should be mobile, should be full of channels for conveying a >> change taking place in one part to other parts. In an ideal society there >> should be many interests consciously communicated and shared. There should >> be varied and free points of contact with other modes of association. In >> other words, there should be social endosmosis. This is fraternity, which >> is only another name for democracy. Democracy is not merely a form of >> Government. It is primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint >> communicated experience. It is essentially an attitude of respect and >> reverence towards fellowmen. As a Scholar, he starved through university >> life, saving every penny for his family back home and to buy books. It was >> no easy at any point to fight his way forward without a family fortune >> behind him and yet he did. He turned his hardships into an opportunity to >> become stronger and to fight harder. He was unafraid of opposition, of >> thinking differently from the crowd and of speaking his mind. Dr. Ambedkar, >> in his brief life time, managed to acquire several University degrees at >> the finest schools in the world, to edit newspapers, to write books, to >> become the principal of a law college, to lead mass movements, to address >> public conferences and to work on committees involved with the making of >> the Indian nation. It was as though he sensed Books were not only his >> weakness. He had a penchant for fountain pens of all kinds. >> >> He enjoyed well-tailored clothes and loved dogs. As an adult, he >> took up both painting and playing the violin because he believed that every >> man should love music and art. His hobbies, be it reading or music, spoke >> of his softer side. But in his political career, not many people saw this >> side of Ambedkar. He was often described as British bulldog and Sarojini >> Naidu once called him Mussolini. There is perhaps no one who had escaped >> his sharp tongue and unforgiving sarcasm, especially if those rebukes were >> deserved. He was truthful to the point of being harsh. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar >> was the first Indian to pursue a doctorate in economics abroad. He argued >> that industrialisation and agricultural growth could enhance the Indian >> economy. He stressed investment in agriculture as the primary industry of >> India. According to Sharad Pawar, Ambedkar’s vision helped the government >> to achieve its food security goal. Ambedkar advocated national economic and >> social development, stressing education, public hygiene, community health, >> residential facilities as the basic amenities. His D.Sc thesis “The >> problem of the Rupee: Its origin and solution” (1923) examines the causes >> for the Rupee’s fall in value. He proved the importance of price stability >> over exchange stability. He analysed the silver and gold exchange rates and >> their effect on the economy, and found the reasons for the failure of >> British India’s public treasury. He calculated the loss of development >> caused by British rule. In 1951, Ambedkar established the Finance >> Commission of India. He opposed income tax for low-income groups. He >> contributed in Land Revenue Tax and excise duty policies to stabilise the >> economy. He played an important role in land reform and the state economic >> development. According to him, the caste system divided labourers and >> impeded economic progress. He emphasised a free economy with a stable Rupee >> which India has adopted recently. He advocated birth control to develop the >> Indian economy, and this has been adopted by Indian government as national >> policy for family planning. He emphasised equal rights for women for >> economic development. He laid the foundation of industrial relations after >> Indian independence. Reserve Bank of India Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was trained as >> an economist, and was a professional economist until 1921, when he became a >> political leader. He wrote three scholarly books on economics: *he >> cautioned his fellow legislators against the use of non-constitutional >> methods of protest, such as civil disobedience and Satyagraha, because they >> were essentially anarchic in nature*. {So Gandhian method was not like >> by him and in independence as achieved by Gandhi?) He rallied against >> the Indian tendency to engage in hero worship. {AND MADE ALL DRAVIDA WHO >> MENTIONED HIS NAME TO FGALL AT FEET AND HERO-WORSHIP? AND YET THEIR BACK UP >> ON AMBEDKAR IS NOT JUST POLITICAL HARPING ONLY/ AND AMIT SHA MADE ANY >> ERROR?} >> >> He was afraid that the people of India would lay their liberation >> at the feet of someone they worshipped or entrust them with extraordinary >> limitless powers. {IS THAT NOT TRUE TODAY IN EVERY STATE POLITICS AND >> YET AMBEDKAR IS DEFENDED AND CHERISHED BY SUCH PEOPLE WHO FORCED >> WORSHIPPING HUMAN WORSHIPPING?} He also underlined the importance of >> creating not just a political democracy, but also a social and economic >> one. His Ph.D thesis was inspired to set up for the Finance Commission of >> India and his works helped a lot in framing guidelines for the RBI Act, >> 1934. He was one of the founders of Employment Exchanges in our country. He >> played a vital role in establishment of the National Power Grid System, >> Central Water Irrigation, Navigation Commission, Damodar Valley Project, >> Hirakud Dam Project and Sone River Project. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as a major >> contributor to Indian Constitution--Administration and Finance of the East >> India Company The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India The >> Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution. The Reserve Bank of >> India (RBI), was based on the ideas that Dr. B.R. Ambedkar presented to the >> Hilton Young Commission. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as a Nation builder He was >> outspoken about his ideas of nation building. He possessed great foresight >> and his warnings about the future of India ring so true today. In a speech >> before the constituent assembly >> >> Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had imprinted his mark of talent and vision in >> drafting Indian Constitution. His statesman qualities can be easily visible >> in each and every article of Indian Constitution. Ambedkar preferred the >> parliamentary system in England than the Presidential System in America. >> Dr. Ambedkar described the role of President as “He is the head of the >> state but not the executive. He represents to nation but does not rule the >> nation. He is the symbol of the nation. His place in the administration is >> that of a ceremonial device on a seal by which the nation’s decisions are >> made known … The President of the Indian Union will be generally bound by >> the advice of the Ministry. He can do nothing contrary to their advice nor >> can he do anything without their advice”. {THE CONSTITUTIONAL DRAFTED >> ENABLED A PUPPET PRESIDENT WANTONLY AS A CHAIRMAN?} He strongly supported >> for federal system. >> >> He said “The Draft constitution is, Federal Constitution (BASIS >> FOR STALIN LIKE TO INSULT CENTER AND SO DID HE SAY REALLY UINSULT?} as it >> establishes what may be called Dual polity. This Dual polity under the >> proposed Constitution will consist of the union at the centre and the >> states at the periphery each endowed with sovereign powers to be >> exercised in the field assigned to them respectively by the Constitution……. >> The draft constitution can be both unitary as well as federal according >> to the requirements of time and circumstances. In normal times, it is >> framed to work as a federal system. But in times of war it is so designed >> as to make it work as though it was a unitary system”. {HENCE FEDERALITY >> IS UNLIKE USA AND ONLY ACCORDING TO CONSTITUTION AND CIRCUMDSTANCES >> ASSIGNED AND ONLY IN WAR-TIME; IF SO HIS VIEW IS WRONGLY CONFIGURED BY >> PEOPLE HOODWINKING ALL?} >> >> article in this as the most important an article without which the >> Constitution would be a nullity I would not refer to any other article >> except this one. It is the very soul of the Constitution and heart of it”. >> Dr. B.R. Ambedkar said about independent Election Commission that “the >> greatest safeguard for purity of elections, for fairness in elections, was >> to take away the matter from the hands of the executive authority and to >> hand it over to some independent authority”. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar supported >> the minorities’ rights that “It is wrong for the majority to deny the >> existence of minorities. It is equally wrong for the minorities to >> perpetuate themselves. A solution must be found which will serve a >> double purpose. It must recognize the existence of the minorities to >> start with. It must also be such that it will enable majorities and >> minorities to merge somebody into one. The solution proposed by the >> constituent assembly is to be welcomed because it is a solution which >> serves this two-fold purpose”. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar clarified about the >> criticisms of The Directive Principles of state policy as “whoever >> captures power will not be free to do what he likes with it. In the >> exercise of it, he will have to respect these instruments of instructions >> which are called Directive Principles. He cannot ignore them. He may not >> have to answer for their breach in a court of Law. But he will certainly >> have to answer for them before the electorate at election time”.{IS THIS >> REALLY HAPPENNING? AND WHY STATES MISBEHAVE? Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated >> about Article 32 that “If I was asked to name any particular >> >> He remarked about the Constitution as “It is workable, it is flexible >> and it is strong enough to hold the country together both in peace time and >> in war time. Indeed, if I may so, if things go wrong under the new >> Constitution, the reason will not be that we had a bad Constitution what we >> will have to say is that man is vile”. {*****Imp) >> >> Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was of the opinion that traditional religious >> values should be given up and new ideas adopted. He laid special emphasis >> on dignity, unity, freedom and rights for all citizens as enshrined in the >> Constitution. Ambedkar advocated democracy in every field: social, >> economic and political. For him social justice meant maximum happiness >> to the maximum number of people. {hence brahmins made minority?} >> Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was >> a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a >> true nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human >> rights to the oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as >> a symbol of struggle for social justice. Thus Ambedkar wanted a nation to >> be built on the democratic method, upholding the trinity of freedom, >> equality and fraternity in a parliamentary democracy. Wherein majority >> should rule but not at the cost of minority, thus the proper protection >> to the marginalized is the essence of an egalitarian nation. >> >> 24th May, 1956, on the occasion of Buddha Jayanti, he declared in >> Bombay, that he would adopt Buddhism in October. On October 14, 1956 he >> embraced Buddhism along with many of his followers. The same year he >> completed his last writing ‘Buddha and His Dharma’. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s >> patriotism started with the upliftment of the downtrodden and the poor. He >> fought for their equality and rights. His ideas about patriotism were not >> only confined to the abolition of colonialism, but he also wanted freedom >> for every individual. For him freedom without equality, democracy and >> equality without freedom could lead to absolute dictatorship. A number of >> unfinished typescripts and handwritten drafts were found among Ambedkar’s >> notes and papers and gradually made available. Among these were Waiting for >> a Visa, which probably dates from 1935–36 and is an autobiographical work, >> and the Untouchables, or the Children of India’s Ghetto, which refers to >> the census of 1951 >> >> A memorial for Ambedkar was established in his Delhi house at 26 >> Alipur Road. His birth date is celebrated as a public holiday known as >> Ambedkar Jayanti or Bhim Jayanti. He was posthumously awarded India’s >> highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1990. Since 1948, Dr. B. R. >> Ambedkar suffered from diabetes. He was bed-ridden from June to October in >> 1954 due to medication side-effects and poor eyesight. He had been >> increasingly embittered by political issues, which took a toll on his >> health. His health worsened during 1955. Three days after completing his >> final manuscript The 'Buddha and His Dhamma', Ambedkar died in his sleep on >> 6 December 1956 at his home in Delhi. A Buddhist cremation was organised at >> Dadar Chowpatty beach on 7 December, attended by half a million grieving >> people. A conversion programme was organised on 16 December 1956, so that >> cremation attendees were also converted to Buddhism at the same place >> .Ambedkar was survived by his second wife, who died in 2003, and his son >> Yashwant (known as BhaiyasahebAmbedkar). Ambedkar’s grandson, Ambedkar >> Prakash Yashwant, is the chief-adviser of the Buddhist Society of India, >> leads the Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh and has served in both houses of the >> Indian Parliament. On the anniversary of his birth and death, and on >> Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Din (14 October) at Nagpur, at least half a million >> people gathered to pay homage to him at his memorial in Mumbai. Thousands >> of bookshops are set up, and books are sold. >> >> VII His message to his followers was “educate, agitate, organise >> !”. >> >> Famous quotes by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar: >> >> . “They cannot make history who forget history”. >> >> “Be Educated, Be Organised and Be Agitated” >> >> “I like the religion that teaches liberty, equality and fraternity” >> “Life should be great rather than long”. >> >> “If I find the Constitution being misused, I shall be the first to burn >> it.” >> >> “Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence” >> >> . “If you believe in living a respectable life, you believe in self-help >> which is the best help”. >> >> “We must stand on our own feet and fight as best as we can for our >> rights. So carry on your agitation and organize your forces. Power and >> prestige will come to you through struggle”. >> >> 9. “The history of India is nothing but a history of a mortal conflict >> between Buddhism and Brahminism”. >> >> 10. “I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress >> which women have achieved.” >> >> 11. “Men are mortal. So are ideas. An idea needs propagation as much as a >> plant needs watering. Otherwise both will wither and die.” >> >> 12. “Every man who repeats the dogma of Mill that one country is no fit >> to rule another country must admit that one class is not fit to rule >> another class.” >> >> publications and workers’ unions that remain active across India, >> especially in Maharashtra. His promotion of Buddhism has rejuvenated >> interest in Buddhist philosophy among sections of population in India. Mass >> conversion ceremonies have been organised by human rights activists in >> modern times, emulating Ambedkar’s Nagpur ceremony of 1956. Some Indian >> Buddhists regard him as a Bodhisattva, although he never claimed it >> himself. Outside India, during the late 1990s, some Hungarian Romani people >> drew parallels between their own situation and that of the downtrodden >> people in India. Inspired by Ambedkar, they started to convert to Buddhism. >> >> 13. “The relationship between husband and wife should be one of closest >> friends.” >> >> 14. “Political tyranny is nothing compared to the social tyranny and a >> reformer who defies society is a more courageous man than a politician who >> defies Government.” >> >> 15. “A great man is different from an eminent one in that he is ready to >> be the servant of the society.” >> >> 16. “Law and order are the medicines of the body politic and when the >> body politic gets sick, medicine must be administered.” >> >> 17. “Freedom of mind is the real freedom. A person, whose mind is not >> free though he may not be in chains, is a slave, not a free man. One, whose >> mind is not free, though he may not be in prison, is a prisoner and not a >> free man. One whose mind is not free though alive, is no better than dead. >> Freedom of mind is the proof of one’s existence.” >> Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx >> >> KR In that era where oppressions were on peak, as alleged by so >> many, Ambedkar could raise in standards without losing even a year and went >> abroad for higher education also. And he also advocated only to move on own >> strength. THAT WOULD MAKE IT CLEAR, THAT ONLY HE SHALL PUSH HIMSELF >> PUTREACH AND NOT BY QUOTA AND LAW. 2 MERIT IS RECOGNISED IF ONE HAS A >> STUFF. 3 DISCRIMINATIONS WOULD EXIST AND ONE HAS TO COME OUT OF IT BY >> EDUCATING ONESELF. 4 RELIGION IS AMUST AND SO AMBEDKAR-POITICAL-LEADERS’ >> MESSAGES ARE BOGUS. 5 UNTIL BRITISHERS WERE THERE, HE WAS IN SUIT AND >> SILENT THOUGH WELL LEARNED. 6 HE SAID THE CONSTITUION AROSE ONLY BECAUSE OF >> B N RAU ICS 7 THE CREDITS WERE ASSIGNED TO SO MANY BY AMBEDKAR THOUGH THE >> POLITICO-SUBEDARS, SHOWERED ALL ONLY TO HIM. 8 DALIY LIFT UP CAME ABOUT >> ONLY AFTER THE INDEPENDENCE AND IN JUIST A DECADE WHAT HE COULD HAVE >> EXERTED. MNOW LET RAHUL DOWN LET US KNOW WHAT WAS IMMINENT WORDS THAT >> BROUGHT DOWN AMBEDKAAR K RAJARAM IRS 201224 >> > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. 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