CULTURAL QA 09202419
Every day Science- Base Quora QA- Compiled
Q1 Do fish actually sleep?
KR Not again. Only, some species are known to have little to no
sleep. For example:
Certain Fish: Some species of fish, like the bullhead shark, exhibit
minimal sleep-like states but do not experience sleep in the same way land
animals do.
Invertebrates: Certain invertebrates, like some species of jellyfish, do
not have a nervous system that allows for sleep. They can remain active
without a defined sleep period.
Amphibians and Reptiles: Some reptiles and amphibians may experience very
brief or irregular sleep states, but their sleep patterns can be less
distinct than those of mammals.
While these species may not "sleep" in the traditional sense, they often
have periods of rest or reduced activity that serve similar functions.
Bullhead Shark (Heterodontus francisci): This shark has been observed to
remain active without a distinct sleep state, often resting while still
swimming.
Certain Jellyfish (e.g., Aurelia aurita): These creatures do not have a
nervous system that allows for sleep, but they can have periods of reduced
activity.
Some Species of Crustaceans: Certain shrimp and crabs can show minimal
sleep behavior, often remaining alert to predators.
Turtles: Some aquatic turtles have been shown to have very little sleep,
often resting while still being somewhat alert.
Certain Insects: Some insects, like the cockroach, exhibit sleep-like
states but may remain responsive to stimuli, showing a more flexible sleep
pattern.
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Q2 Are there things that science hasn't been able to explain?
KR: All knowledge has a limitation and science is one among them.
Science, while a powerful tool for understanding the world, has several
limitations:
Empirical Evidence: Science relies on observable, measurable phenomena.
Some aspects of human experience, like emotions or consciousness, can be
difficult to quantify.
Subjectivity: The interpretation of data can be influenced by personal
biases, leading to differing conclusions even with the same evidence.
Incomplete Knowledge: Science is an evolving field. Many questions remain
unanswered, and theories can change with new discoveries.
Complexity of Systems: Biological, ecological, and social systems can be
highly complex, making it challenging to predict outcomes accurately.
Ethical Constraints: Some experiments (especially in fields like medicine
and psychology) are limited by ethical considerations, restricting the
scope of research.
Cultural Influence: Scientific inquiry can be affected by cultural beliefs
and values, which may shape research agendas and funding.
Reproducibility Issues: Some scientific findings have been difficult to
reproduce, leading to questions about their reliability.
Reductionism: Science often breaks down complex phenomena into simpler
components, which can overlook important interactions and holistic
perspectives.
While these limitations exist, they also prompt ongoing inquiry and
refinement in scientific methods and understanding. {perfect example:
Neurons}
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Q4 Why do some people deny climate change?
KR Who denied or refuted the climate change/
Climate change denial has been propagated by various
individuals and organizations over the years, often influenced by
political, economic, or ideological beliefs. Some notable figures include:
Politicians: Certain politicians, particularly in the U.S., have publicly
questioned or denied the scientific consensus on climate change. Notable
examples include former President Donald Trump and Senator Jim Inhofe.
Organizations: Some think tanks and lobby groups, such as the Heartland
Institute and the Competitive Enterprise Institute, have promoted climate
change skepticism.
Public Figures: Various media personalities and authors, like climate
skeptic Bjorn Lomborg, have argued against the urgency of climate change or
disputed its causes.
And none else disputed it.
One of the oldest pieces of literature that addresses weather and related
rituals is the "Enuma Elish," a Babylonian creation myth dating back to
around the 12th century BCE. It includes descriptions of weather phenomena
and the gods’ roles in controlling nature.
Another significant ancient text is the "I Ching" (or "Book of Changes"),
which dates back to around 1000 BCE in China. It discusses the influence of
natural forces, including weather, on human affairs and includes divination
practices related to these forces.
In ancient Greece, works like Hippocrates' "Airs, Waters, Places," written
around the 5th century BCE, explored the relationship between climate and
health, reflecting an understanding of weather's impact on daily life.
These texts highlight the importance of weather and rituals in ancient
cultures, linking the natural world with human experience and spirituality.
Kalidasa is believed to have composed "Ritu Samhara" (also spelled
"Ritusamhara") during the 4th or 5th century CE. This classical Sanskrit
poem celebrates the six seasons (ritu) of the Indian subcontinent,
depicting the beauty and characteristics of each season through rich
imagery and lyrical expression. It reflects both nature's changes and the
emotional responses they evoke in humans, showcasing Kalidasa's mastery of
language and poetic form.
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
The Rig Veda explains deities’ viz. Mitra, Varuna, Indra, Maruts and Aditya
that are responsible for maintaining the balance in functioning of all
entities of nature like hills- mountains, lakes, heaven and earth, forest
or the waters. The Indra, Surya and Agni are the personification of the
Watery atmosphere, the source of heat and light and fire. Likewise, the
dawn, the wind, the assemblage of moving power and some of the natural
phenomena are personified as Ushas, Vayu and Maruts etc. Vedas perceive
that any change in the nature caused due to indiscreet human activities
could result in imbalance in weather, rainfall patterns, and crops and may
pollute earth, air and water. There are so many hymns seeking the blessings
of the five gross elements of life or the Pancha mahabhoota of nature:
akasha or firmament, vayu or air, tezas or fire, apahh or water and prithvi
or earth. People were careful to refrain themselves from any activities
which could cause harm to the nature’s bounties. It was understood that the
well-being of Mother Earth dependant on the preservation and sustenance of
the environment.
The Vedas viz. Rig, Sama, Yajur and Atharva Vedas perceive the importance
of maintenance of the season’s cycles that are likely to get altered due to
the climate change owing to inappropriate human actions. It is noticeable
that the people in Vedic Period regarded Nature and the Environment in a
holistic manner and revered each of its constituents and entities by
carefully preserving them. Respect to nature and to all natural resources
such as land, water, hills. Forest, other animals etc. was the first
message of Vedic philosophy. Environment has been perceived as a friendly
abode in the Vedic literature. For any inadvertent action leading to
earth’s excessive exploitation the seers prayed for forgiveness, ‘Whatever
I dig from thee, O Earth, may that have quick recovery again. O purifier,
may we not injure thy vitals or thy heart’, (Hymn No- 12 ,slok No.- 34,
Atharva Veda, Prithvi Sukta).
The text of vedic period always created a greater awareness regarding
the conservation of water which is one of the most important environmental
resources. Because of its indispensable nature it is to be of divine nature
and the following Rig Veda verse ( VII: 49: 2) is a good example of this
idea “ the water from heaven, the water from the spring, the bright pure
water which tends to the sea, may these divine waters protect us here.” The
significance of water for life was well-known to Vedic seers. They knew the
water cycle that can be perceived by the following hymn- “ Waters
The Time of Vedas from the ocean to the sky they carry up, they who
pour from the sky upon the earth…”( Atharva Veda 4:27:4). They mention
-Waters are nectars. Waters are source of all plants and giver of good
health. Waters destroy diseases of all sorts. Waters are for purification.
It seems that later developed cultural tradition of pilgrimage on the
river-banks is based on the theory of purification from water. The ancient
Indians knowing water as a vital element for life were very particular to
maintain it pure and free from any kind of pollution. Regarding the
awareness about the plant life one verse of the Rigveda is very much
relevant in which the deity of the forest is praised for her gifts to the
mankind and also for her charm (Rigveda 10.146). They wished that forest
should be kept green with trees and plants. Oshadhi Sukta of Rigveda
addresses to the plants and vegetables as mother, “ O mother! Hundreds are
your birth places and thousands of your shoots ( Rigveda, 10.97.2).
Rigveda advocates that forests should not be destroyed (Rigveda,
8.1.13). The Atharvaveda mentions some medicinal plants which are useful
for treatment of various diseases of human being. For example Tulsi,
turmeric, vilva, peppal etc. The Tulsi plant is worshiped by every Hindu
family and one Tulsi plant is a must in the courtyard of every family. The
elders pour water on it so that it grows every day. The Tulsi plant is
regarded as the holiest of all plants. The tulsi plant is considered as the
threshold point between heaven and the earth. It is also believed that
Brahma resides in its branches and all Hindu pilgrimages reside in the
roots. This clearly shows the environmental awareness of the people of
vedic period towards nature.
The ‘Avi’ element of Atharvaveda referred to as the cause of
greenness in trees is considered generally by the vedic era scholars as
‘Chlorophil’. Besides, the flowers, fruits, bark and seeds of trees were
also used in medicine and as protective talismans right from the time of
Atharva Veda. The term ‘Avi’ derived from the root ‘Av’ and thus gives the
direct meaning of protector. Hence, plants were considered as a part of the
environment and their protection was the prime concern of the vedic seers.
(Atharvaveda 10.8.31) In Vedic texts the ‘Yajna’ or ‘Secrifies’ is
considered to be an important concept. It means selfless sacrifice for
noble purposes. According to ancient seers Yajna contains the key to ideal
maintenance of the echo system and environment of life. Manusmrti defines
Yajna that refines the body, mind and inner-self. Yajurveda and Rigveda
describe the process of ‘Jajna’ as the ‘navel (nucleus) of the whole world.
(Yajurveda13.62, Rigveda 1.164.35). In the Purushasukta the creation of
this universe is considered as a kind of ‘yajna’.
An International Refereed Research Journal view that Yajna cleans
atmosphere through its medicinal smoke, and provides longevity, breath,
vision etc., is established in Yajurveda. (Ayur Jajnena Kalpatam,
Pranajajnena kalpatam, Saksurjajnena Kalptam: Yajurveda 9.21). Vedic texts
believe that ‘yajna’ helps in increasing the crop production, controls the
air pollution, protects the surroundings from air born disease etc. This
belief shows that the seers of vedic period knows about the effects of
gases which were evolved by burning of specific substances like ghreeta,
vilva etc. The seers of Rig Veda on behalf of the earth for its principle
of replenishment “You give me and I give you”. They look at every entity of
Nature with the eye of a friend and sympathizer. Mitrasyaaham Chakshushaa
Sarvaani Bhootani Sameekshe”. The Rig Veda makes a clear reference to the
presence of a protective layer ‘which we now know to be the ozone layer’
that filters the harmful rays of the sun and protects the earth and praises
the radiation that enters the atmosphere that is responsible for the health
of the environment. In a hymn of Rig veda the seer prays to the Ashvin for
their indulgence for protection against any excessive solar flare that also
affects earth’s temperature. The whole world today runs after controlling
man-made pollution by various means of scientific processes but if the
world community learns the basic values of Vedas which our seers gave us
thousands of years back it will work to a great extent in the field of
protection of the environment. Let us complete this presentation with an
appeal to the whole world to take the Vedic values by heart, rejuvenate it
and spread it so that only our mother earth can be saved for our future
generation.
KR IRS 20924
---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: 'gopala krishnan' via iyer123 <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 19 Sept 2024 at 19:13
Subject: [iyer123] CULTURAL QA 09-2024-19
To: Iyer <[email protected]>
CULTURAL QA 09-2024-19
Every day Science- Base Quora QA- Compiled
Q1 Do fish actually sleep?
A1 Daily Fishers Blog, Carp angler, can give you info about any
fishing type Aug 21
Yes, fish do sleep, but it might not look like what you'd expect. Unlike
humans, fish don't have eyelids, so they can't close their eyes. Instead,
they enter a state of rest where their activity and metabolism slow down.
Many fish become still, and their breathing slows, which is a good
indicator that they're resting. For instance, Corydoras catfish might even
flop over on their sides when they sleep, which can be startling if you're
not used to it.
Fish can be diurnal, meaning they sleep at night, or nocturnal, meaning
they are active at night and sleep during the day. This rest period is
crucial for their health, just like sleep is for us. So, next time you see
your fish being unusually still, don't worry—they're probably just catching
some z's in their own unique way.
Q2 Are there things that science hasn't been able to explain?
A2 Dave Brunfeldt, Former Teacher at Bishop Seabury Acdemy (2003–2019)
Jun 23
Almost everything explained by science is only partly correct.
Most things in medicine are fraught with side effects which are…
confounding. Why do some people get side effects and some don’t?
How did an eye evolve? Science says that the veracity of any scientific
statement is determined by the quality and quantity of the experimental
evidence. OK, build an eye… in the back of my head. Repeat the deed,
please. Can’t, can you. Sorry ass experimentation, if you ask me.
How is it that so much DNA which was deemed simple connective protein and
of little consequence, now is important?
Why haven’t we perfected rocket motors for space ships yet? Can’t we design
a rocket motor that flat out works and use it over and over again?.
Internal combustion engines did this. Tried and true rocket motor design
ought to be used to safely go into space. Seems like every time a new goal
for space is proposed… a new rocket needs designing. Come on rocket
engineers, this is Newtonian mechanics. Get your output together!
Most important currently: How is it that we continue to use climate change
as an excuse to screw up western economies? All weather or biological
maladies are climate instigated. It is a one-note Samba. And then the west
tries to do something about it… but China and India easily replace all the
shuttered fossil fuel power plants with increasing CO2 output.
Oh, do an experiment on climate please. Stop the CO2 and see what happens,
Then fill the air with it again. Repeat the experiment and test the climate
science hypothesis that CO2 is the cause of climate change. Test the
hypothesis for falsity. You know… a scientific experiment. No, not a
computer model run. A real experiment, please. Or maybe you should just
stop using the word science. Religion is more appropriate. Climate crisis
is not science, but is a very good example of an area of politics and
belief which trades on the good name of science.Galileo rolls in his grave.
Q3 What are the different recharging method of ground water?
A3 RTR, Depot Material Superintendent Indian Railways at Central
Government (2020–present)Sep 3
Generally ground recharge means so many methods will be available but these
all are really implement by public.
Every body should take responsibility about ground water recharge. Every
home should have water management system. Everyone take care about usage of
ground water. Everybody aware the importance of ground water table
These all SLOGANS and SPEECHES really work in society. Think as average
person of the society.
Even government really impose on people by force. People will really work
on it. Most of the people will act as work on it at observation time but
not really.
I saw so many schemes implemented by government do you feel really working
now. If these scheme really working no need to worry about ground water
recharge success of10 percent of the schemes implemented by people with
real intensive definitely will get 100 percent results.
Government directly work on this problem may get rid of it.
Simple suggestion but really difficult to implement unless otherwise
government take very seriously this problem to overcome.
ONE VILLAGE ONE POND / LAKE
Government should take initiative on this.
There are numerous reasons are there.
Today 02/09/24 from june on wards up to date numbers of flooding situation
happen in several states of India.
For example Kerala, Wayanadu got heavy rain.
Karnataka floods due to heavy rain.
Now Andhra and Telengana also impacted due to heavy rain.
And northern eastern states also effected by floods due to heavy rains.
This much heavy rains occurs in several states but anybody check what about
recharge by these floods almost useless almost water flood in to seas.
See the above how really India vulnerable to water scarcity. If don't have
rains for 3 months then the situation of India become drought because no
surface water bodies and GROUND water recharge.
Government should take this problem as top most priority and Should
implement one village one lake / pond.
That is also simply making policy it's not working. District collector
should take responsibility and visit weekly once on this work directly at
field level observation of work.
Pond or lake should be at least 50 acre area should occupy in the land of
government. Depth is people choice but area should compulsory occupy then
only ground recharge and enough water will store.This is the future
because ancient
times focus on this most of the funds by kings
Q4 Why do some people deny climate change?
A4 TruuBlue, Lives in Colorado (2024–present)Jul 19
Climate change denial can be quite perplexing; I've witnessed it directly
with my neighbour, Seth. He’s a lovely man, a retired engineer who enjoys
Sunday barbecues and spaghetti Westerns.
Despite being well-read and clever, he staunchly opposes climate change. Why?
It's a mixture of stuff.
First, there's a significant amount of inconsistent thought patterns. What
they call cognitive dissonance. Admitting that climate change exists would
entail acknowledging that many features of our comfortable lifestyle are
hazardous.
My neighbour has spent his entire adult life driving a Ford Expedition and
using energy without consideration. It's difficult for him to accept that
his favourite routines could be contributing to a larger problem.
Then there's the impact of misinformation. Seth has always been a fan of
Fox News. I’ve also seen his Twitter feed share similar content. He trusts
these sources because they support his pre-existing opinions. During a
family event, he approached me to discuss a "ground breaking" essay he had
seen online, saying it debunked global warming using cherry-picked data and
twisted facts. I tried to dispute it with scientific data, but he was too
caught up in his story. It's like attempting to persuade someone that their
favorite sports team isn't the best; reasoning takes a backseat to emotion
and loyalty.
But it goes deeper. When it comes to climate change, Seth is very much in
line with his social circle. Admitting that climate change is genuine may
feel like betraying his community. There are also his economic interests:
he worked in a sector that relied on fossil fuels, so accepting climate
change jeopardizes his sense of professional accomplishment. Not only that,
climate change may appear to be a faraway problem, impacting future
generations rather than his own. This psychological distance makes it less
essential for him and so many others who feel the same.
Climate science is difficult and intimidating, making it easier for people
to deny than to go into the finer aspects. Conspiracy theories also play a
role, providing straightforward explanations that fit climate deniers
worldview. Finally, emotional reactions such as fear and guilt can lead to
denial as a coping method for avoiding suffering.
To wrap it up, the reasons most people deny climate change have to do with
cognitive dissonance, group identity, disinformation, economic interests,
psychological distance, complexity, conspiracy theories, and emotional
reactions. Hope this helps!
Q5 How deep is the soil layer on Earth?
A5 Gene,8 M.S. in Physics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities
(Graduated 1971)Aug 22
Canada is large and diverse. I live in a smaller section of northeast Ohio.
The glacier did a finer variation job here.
I have about 3” of soil on two feet of yellow clay. Below that there is
about 40–50 feet of blue clay that then becomes shale. There is no actual
water table.
Within a mile of my home, people have shallow wells that supply their home;
but across the street, they may drill 500–1000 feet for water.
Ten miles from my home, there are/were truck farms with peat beds tens of
feet deep. Many have been sold off to commercial landscapers who then sell
to housing developers. Everyone gets a duck pond.
… and the rock quarries, black swamps, etc
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