As soon as the upper part of the page fault handler is executed w/o KERNEL_LOCK(), uvm_anfree_list() will also be executed without it.
To not corrupt the value of `uvmexp.swpgonly' counter, use atomic operations to modify it. ok? Index: uvm/uvm_anon.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvm_anon.c,v retrieving revision 1.51 diff -u -p -r1.51 uvm_anon.c --- uvm/uvm_anon.c 19 Jan 2021 13:21:36 -0000 1.51 +++ uvm/uvm_anon.c 24 Feb 2021 09:48:41 -0000 @@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ uvm_anfree_list(struct vm_anon *anon, st } } else { if (anon->an_swslot != 0) { - /* this page is no longer only in swap. */ + /* This page is no longer only in swap. */ KASSERT(uvmexp.swpgonly > 0); - uvmexp.swpgonly--; + atomic_dec_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } } anon->an_lock = NULL; Index: uvm/uvm_aobj.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvm_aobj.c,v retrieving revision 1.90 diff -u -p -r1.90 uvm_aobj.c --- uvm/uvm_aobj.c 11 Jan 2021 18:51:09 -0000 1.90 +++ uvm/uvm_aobj.c 24 Feb 2021 09:50:39 -0000 @@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ uao_free(struct uvm_aobj *aobj) * this page is no longer * only in swap. */ - uvmexp.swpgonly--; + atomic_dec_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } next = LIST_NEXT(elt, list); @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ uao_free(struct uvm_aobj *aobj) if (slot) { uvm_swap_free(slot, 1); /* this page is no longer only in swap. */ - uvmexp.swpgonly--; + atomic_dec_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } } free(aobj->u_swslots, M_UVMAOBJ, aobj->u_pages * sizeof(int)); @@ -1549,6 +1549,6 @@ uao_dropswap_range(struct uvm_object *uo */ if (swpgonlydelta > 0) { KASSERT(uvmexp.swpgonly >= swpgonlydelta); - uvmexp.swpgonly -= swpgonlydelta; + atomic_add_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly, -swpgonlydelta); } } Index: uvm/uvm_km.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvm_km.c,v retrieving revision 1.139 diff -u -p -r1.139 uvm_km.c --- uvm/uvm_km.c 15 Dec 2020 22:14:42 -0000 1.139 +++ uvm/uvm_km.c 24 Feb 2021 09:52:19 -0000 @@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ uvm_km_pgremove(struct uvm_object *uobj, struct vm_page *pp; voff_t curoff; int slot; + int swpgonlydelta = 0; KASSERT(uobj->pgops == &aobj_pager); @@ -262,8 +263,13 @@ uvm_km_pgremove(struct uvm_object *uobj, uvm_pagefree(pp); uvm_unlock_pageq(); } else if (slot != 0) { - uvmexp.swpgonly--; + swpgonlydelta++; } + } + + if (swpgonlydelta > 0) { + KASSERT(uvmexp.swpgonly >= swpgonlydelta); + atomic_add_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly, -swpgonlydelta); } } Index: uvm/uvm_pdaemon.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvm_pdaemon.c,v retrieving revision 1.88 diff -u -p -r1.88 uvm_pdaemon.c --- uvm/uvm_pdaemon.c 24 Nov 2020 13:49:09 -0000 1.88 +++ uvm/uvm_pdaemon.c 24 Feb 2021 09:53:48 -0000 @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ uvmpd_scan_inactive(struct pglist *pglst if (p->pg_flags & PG_CLEAN) { if (p->pg_flags & PQ_SWAPBACKED) { /* this page now lives only in swap */ - uvmexp.swpgonly++; + atomic_inc_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } /* zap all mappings with pmap_page_protect... */ @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ uvmpd_drop(struct pglist *pglst) if (p->pg_flags & PG_CLEAN) { if (p->pg_flags & PQ_SWAPBACKED) { /* this page now lives only in swap */ - uvmexp.swpgonly++; + atomic_inc_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } /* zap all mappings with pmap_page_protect... */ Index: uvm/uvm_swap.c =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvm_swap.c,v retrieving revision 1.148 diff -u -p -r1.148 uvm_swap.c --- uvm/uvm_swap.c 14 Dec 2020 13:29:18 -0000 1.148 +++ uvm/uvm_swap.c 24 Feb 2021 09:55:36 -0000 @@ -1574,14 +1574,14 @@ uvm_swap_get(struct vm_page *page, int s KERNEL_LOCK(); /* this page is (about to be) no longer only in swap. */ - uvmexp.swpgonly--; + atomic_dec_int(uvmexp.swpgonly); result = uvm_swap_io(&page, swslot, 1, B_READ | ((flags & PGO_SYNCIO) ? 0 : B_ASYNC)); if (result != VM_PAGER_OK && result != VM_PAGER_PEND) { /* oops, the read failed so it really is still only in swap. */ - uvmexp.swpgonly++; + atomic_inc_int(&uvmexp.swpgonly); } KERNEL_UNLOCK(); return (result); Index: uvm/uvmexp.h =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/src/sys/uvm/uvmexp.h,v retrieving revision 1.8 diff -u -p -r1.8 uvmexp.h --- uvm/uvmexp.h 28 Dec 2020 14:01:23 -0000 1.8 +++ uvm/uvmexp.h 24 Feb 2021 09:56:06 -0000 @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ * other than the vm system. * * Locks used to protect struct members in this file: + * a atomic operations * I immutable after creation * K kernel lock * F uvm_lock_fpageq @@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ struct uvmexp { int nswapdev; /* number of configured swap devices in system */ int swpages; /* [K] number of PAGE_SIZE'ed swap pages */ int swpginuse; /* number of swap pages in use */ - int swpgonly; /* [K] number of swap pages in use, not also in RAM */ + int swpgonly; /* [a] number of swap pages in use, not also in RAM */ int nswget; /* number of swap pages moved from disk to RAM */ int nanon; /* XXX number total of anon's in system */ int unused05; /* formerly nanonneeded */