Usually,

Use the 'q' parameter to search for the free text values entered by the
users (where you might want to parse the query and/or apply
boosting/phrase-sloppy, minimum match,tie etc )

Use the 'fq' to limit the searches to certain criterias like location,
date-ranges etc.

Also, avoid using the q=*:* as it implicitly translates to matchalldocsquery

Regds
Pravesh

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