I thank you for the answer. The http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DistributedSearchDesign page was last edited by Yonik Seeley on the 2008-02-27, which seems a date of major commit (according to JIRA), and he did not amend the "current approach" part of the page : so the "Multi-phased approach, allowing for inconsistency" design is quite probably still valid ?... It is a bit abstract description of the process, but will do it anyway, I'll use that (unless someone tells me this is eventually out of date...)
Thanks again, -- Grégoire Neuville