Try the Solr Admin Analyzer page to see how Solr is indexing that text. I
suspect that the ShingleFilter is generating extra terms with positions so
that PhraseQuery no longer sees the two terms from your quoted phrase as
being adjacent.
Your second query is simply generating a Boolean AND or
It's because you are escaping.
Look at this bit:
[parsedquery_toString] => +(smsc_content:"abcdefg12345 smsc_content:678910"
smsc_description:"abcdefg12345
smsc_content:678910") +smsc_lastdate:[1352627991000 TO 1386755331000]
It's searching for " as well because you escaped it (hence it is not