Re: [R] return value of {....}

"I suspect akshay is (or was? Not sure) unclear about what braces do. They are not closures... they create an expression that wraps multiple expressions into one expression... they are a little more like parentheses than closures. They are not **intrinsically associated** with creation of environme

Re: [R] return value of {....}

I suspect akshay is (or was? Not sure) unclear about what braces do. They are not closures... they create an expression that wraps multiple expressions into one expression... they are a little more like parentheses than closures. They are not intrinsically associated with creation of environment

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Akshay, Your question seems a tad mysterious to me as you are complaining about NOTHING. R was designed to return single values. The last statement executed in a function body, for example, is the value returned even when not at the end. Scoping is another issue entirely. What is visible is anot

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Dear Andrew, Nice point. THanking you, Yours sincerely, AKSHAY M KULKARNI From: Andrew Simmons Sent: Monday, January 9, 2023 10:52 PM To: akshay kulkarni Cc: Valentin Petzel ; R help Mailing list Subject: Re: [R] return value of {.

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Returning the last value of { is the basis of functions not needing a return statement. Before R invokes a function (specifically a closure), it creates a new context. When R evaluates a call to return, it looks for a context to return from and finds the context of function, ending the context and

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Dear Valentin, But why should {} "return" a value? It could just as well evaluate all the expressions and store the resulting objects in whatever environment the interpreter chooses, and then it would be left to the user to manipulate any object he chooses. Don't yo

Re: [R] return value of {....}

dear Rui, Thanks a lot Thanking you, Yours sincerely, AKSHAY M KULKARNI From: Rui Barradas Sent: Monday, January 9, 2023 9:48 PM To: akshay kulkarni ; R help Mailing list Subject: Re: [R] return value of {} �s 14:47 de 09/01/2023, aksha

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Perhaps the following may be of use to you. Consider: > f <- function(){ x <- 3; function(y) x+y} > x <- 5 ##What does this give? > f() ## Why? ## How about this? >f()(10) ## Why? ## If you remove "x <- 3" from the above, what will you get when you repeat the exercise? -- Bert On Mon, Jan 9,

Re: [R] return value of {....}

dear Bert, Thanks a lot... Thanking you, Yours sincerely, AKSHAY M KULKARNI From: Bert Gunter Sent: Monday, January 9, 2023 9:59 PM To: akshay kulkarni Cc: R help Mailing list Subject: Re: [R] return value of {} Unless you do something sp

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Unless you do something special within a function, only the value(s) returned are available to the caller. That is the essence of functional-type programming languages. You need to read up on (function) environments in R . You can search on this. ?function and its links also contain useful informa

Re: [R] return value of {....}

Às 14:47 de 09/01/2023, akshay kulkarni escreveu: Dear members, I have the following code: TB <- {x <- 3;y <- 5} TB [1] 5 It is consistent with the documentation: For {, the result of the last expression evaluated. This has the visibility of the last evaluation.

[R] return value of {....}

Dear members, I have the following code: > TB <- {x <- 3;y <- 5} > TB [1] 5 It is consistent with the documentation: For {, the result of the last expression evaluated. This has the visibility of the last evaluation. But both x AND y are created, but the "return val

[R] Interactive 3D Plot with non-numeric axis tick labels

Dear all, What I want to create is an interactive 3D plot from a data frame like this: #: number TLD: Countrycode Date: date String: a label Because plot3d can only deal with numbers I converted Date to Year and TLD as well as String to a numeric value like this: numTLD <- as.numeric(factor(df

Re: [R] gmp::bigq vs. MASS::fractions

On Sat, 07 Jan 2023, Sigbert Klinke writes: > Hi, > > has someone experience which routine should be used for > creating fractional numbers? The two conversion > routines deliver different results > >> x <- (0:7)/7 > >> MASS::fractions(x) > > [1] 0 1/7 2/7 3/7 4/7 5/7 6/7 1 > >> gmp::as.bigq(x

[R] [R-pkgs] gRaven package - Bayes Nets: 'RHugin' Emulation with 'gRain'

Dear all, I am pleased to announce that CRAN now hosts my package gRaven. This provides wrappers for functions in the 'gRain' package to emulate some 'RHugin' functionality, allowing the building of Bayesian networks consisting of discrete chance nodes incrementally - through adding nodes, ed