an unexpected error occurred')
log_unhandled_exception(e)
emergency_shutdown()
sys.exit(1)
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SysExit):
# User wants to exit.
clean_exit()
sys.exit(0)
Which except clause would you expect an unhandled StopIteration to fall
under? The unex
st accept
that 3.1 and 3.2 users will see double tracebacks :-(
All the more reason to encourage people to go straight to 3.3 or better
and skip 3.1 and 3.2 :-)
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low. Need a hand disposing of a body? Yeah, there are
legitimate reasons for this, I'll help if I can. Forcing visitors to your
website to set the Referer header? Nope, no way.
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ovider doesnt set thign u[ cprrectly.
>>
>> Perhaps he's also having problems with a faulty keyboard.
>
> Just a faulty key actuator, I think. Nothing unusual in this world.
Guys, PLEASE stop baiting Nikos with snide remarks. It makes this a very
unpleasant environment, and s
#x27;t, they won't. That is the way things are, so just accept it.
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html template
> page = file.replace( path, '' )
>
> So chnage it to what?
What do you think you need to change it to? Pick one:
1) bytes
2) an integer
3) a string
4) a list of floats
5) something else
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t don't presume that we are your friends and care
about your troubles. We all have troubles of our own.
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here else? What could *possibly* go wrong by relying
on code working by accident like this?
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On Wed, 28 Aug 2013 09:19:40 +0200, Antoon Pardon wrote:
> Op 27-08-13 18:18, Steven D'Aprano schreef:
>> On Wed, 28 Aug 2013 00:41:17 +1000, Chris Angelico wrote:
>>
>>> On Wed, Aug 28, 2013 at 12:25 AM, Grant Edwards
>>> wrote:
>>>> On 2
hat advice, not just the people here
but essentially the entire Python development community responsible for
adding Unicode strings to the language. Can you blame me for feeling that
your reply seemed rather arrogant?
In any case, I'm glad you responded with a little more restraint th
On Wed, 28 Aug 2013 01:46:01 -0700, Ferrous Cranus wrote:
> Τη Τρίτη, 27 Αυγούστου 2013 8:07:52 μ.μ. UTC+3, ο χρήστης Steven
> D'Aprano έγραψε:
>> Hint: you can use
>> "print(type(page), file=open('path/to/some/file', 'w'))"
>>
>>
On Wed, 28 Aug 2013 03:43:08 -0700, Ferrous Cranus wrote:
> but i cannot see the error_log because of constant scrolling of error
> output.
Then don't use "tail -F", use "less".
Or try "tail -s 60 -F" which will update only every 60 seconds.
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ore correct? Would you expect
str([]) or str(0.0) or str({}) to also give an empty string?
I can't see any reason for str(None) to return the empty string.
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lot of useful looking hits. Google on
"what user does apache run as" and do your research.
This is off-topic though. This is not a "beginner's guide to apache"
forum, if you can't solve this problem yourself you'll have to take it
elsewhere.
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y create a writable directory and
write to that.
I expect that there are security implications of having a directories
writable to the webserver user, but temporarily creating one for a quick
debugging aid should be okay.
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you bother to read the error before asking for help?
Variable 'e' is not defined. Perhaps you should define it?
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the pythonic way to deal with it? Am I worrying too
> much ;-)?
Yes :-)
Except in the (rare?) case that you aren't worrying enough, in which case
you can check hasattr and callable up front, or do whatever other tests
you feel the need to check. It depends on the specific code you are
writing.
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e out permissions
> related issues.
Perhaps. But Nikos is reporting that his log file shows entries from all
the other websites on the server, which doesn't sound good to me. Surely
any decent, competent web server company would be able to ensure that
each customer sees only their own l
old-article-i-wrote/
Anyone who hasn't already done so, you should read the whole article.
It's about static versus dynamic typing, testing, proving correctness,
and how they all fit in together.
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x27;s about the same as writing this:
x = 1
pass
y = 2
pass
z = x**2 + y**2
pass
print z
pass
except you save three keystrokes per LOC.
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; and 'bytes'
Do you see a pattern yet? What do you think will happen if you run this?
b'bytes%s' % 'string'
Try it and see for yourself.
Now look at the error message you are getting. Is it the same error
message? Do you think that perhaps it has the same cause? How do you
think you might solve this problem?
Hint: if you have a data item that is type A, and you need it to be type
B, you need to convert from A to B.
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n birds:
if isinstance(Duck, bird):
self.birds.append(bird)
def quack_all(self):
for bird in self.birds:
bird.quack()
class Duck:
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def quack(self):
print "%s quacks" % self.name
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don't doubt that it wouldn't be occasionally convenient to map
None to '' rather than 'None', I think it would be surprising and,
indeed, dangerous if it happened by default, since it would encourage
people to build up SQL query strings by concatenation, as in the Original
Poster's example.
(And thank you for picking up on that.)
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of arguments given is 2**31-1. Python
may not actually have that limitation, in which case you would need to
define additional functions.
Or... you would have to come up with an implementation which doesn't hard-
code the number of functions used.
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to names just as I assign anonymous ints and
anonymous lists to names :-)
I say "directly" because this of course is allowed:
funcs = [lambda x: x+1, lambda x: x*2, lambda x: x**3]
for func in func:
...
and *much* better than having to predefine plusOne, timesTwo, powerThree
one of the motivating use-
cases for function annotations in Python 3 is to allow such things.
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3107/
(Function annotations are perhaps the best Python feature that nobody
uses.)
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On Fri, 30 Aug 2013 01:57:45 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> So while I don't doubt that it wouldn't be occasionally convenient to
> map None to '' rather than 'None', I think it would be surprising and,
> indeed, dangerous if it happened by default, s
o get around this, I often declare a generator. But I still find it a
> bit awkward to have to look up the definition elsewhere, and to waste
> lines over something so simple.
No need to look up a definition elsewhere, you can put the generator
right next to the loop:
gen = (spam for spam in
On Fri, 30 Aug 2013 06:35:47 -0400, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> These days, it would be relatively simple to implement pre- and post-
>> condition checking using decorators,
me if
you are interested.
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ules, classes...) or whether you have to write one big amorphous
unstructured program where every chunk of code can reach inside other
chunks of code. Nor does dynamic type have to do with information hiding.
You can have a private member of a class regardless of whether that
member has a si
> print()
The last space is exactly the same as you get in Python 2. But really,
who cares about an extra invisible space? In non-interactive mode, the
two are exactly the same (ignoring the extra print() call outside the
loop), but even at the interactive interpreter, I'd like to see the code
where an extra space makes a real difference.
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call to cur.execute in the code snippet you show above?
> But 'host' defaults to an ip address if it cannot resolve the hostname.
> Why the errro says its undefined?
Because it is is undefined. Python is not lying to you. If Python tells
you there is an error, BELIEVE IT. Res
languages built on top of the JVM, such as
OpenXION and Cobra.
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On Sat, 31 Aug 2013 14:59:17 +0200, candide wrote:
> Le 31/08/2013 13:16, Steven D'Aprano a écrit :
>
>
>> Of course it does. Have you actually tried it?
>
>
> Of course I did, redirecting the output to a file in order to spot an
> eventually trailing space.
t' is undefined.
Because you haven't defined it BEFORE you try to use it. There is no
point defining it AFTER you use it, the error has already occurred.
You have to make the coffee before you drink it:
# This fails too
drink(coffee)
coffee = make_coffee()
# This doesn'
print
the wrong results, or does it raise an exception? If so, please copy and
paste the entire traceback, do not simplify it, summarise it, or retype
it from memory.
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ant project
with 80 other people and millions of lines of code, perhaps it would be
worth learning UML for parts of the design. But for a one-man project
with only thousands of lines of code? I doubt it.
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t
> to. Unlike Java or C++ who would tend to do exactly the contrary
> (enforces it strictly, and (possibly?) allow you to discard it at times
> with a few jiffies (or not? I don't know))
Java and C++ allow you to declare members as public, so it is *not true*
that calling methods is the only way to change members. If you accept
Steve Holden's (wrong) definition above, Java and C++ don't have
encapsulation either.
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t;>
>> Code:
>>
>> UnicodeDecodeError('utf-8', b'\xb6\xe3\xed\xf9\xf3\xf4\xef
>>
>> \xfc\xed\xef\xec\xe1 \xf3\xf5\xf3\xf4\xde\xec\xe1\xf4\xef\xf2', 0, 1,
>>
>> 'invalid start byte')
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
cally* correct that Python has
getters and setters under the hood, that's not quite what the discussion
here is about. But I'm sure you realise that :-)
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treats it as a
convention. (At least for pure-Python code.)
But notice that they are differences of degree, not kind. Java encourages
information hiding in classes, but does not prohibit you from making
members public, and using reflection you can break into classes and get
access to anything; Python allows information hiding, but trusts the
programmer to honour "private" names, and reflection is such a
fundamental part of Python that we don't even call it that.
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On Sun, 01 Sep 2013 21:58:15 +0200, Antoon Pardon wrote:
> Op 31-08-13 02:09, Steven D'Aprano schreef:
>> Adding a fourth option:
>>
>> for spam in sequence if predicate(spam):
>> process(spam)
>>
>> saves absolutely nothing except a line and
een distant parts of your code. If func() changes
from returning int to MyInt, everything that calls func now needs to be
modified to accept MyInt, no matter how similar MyInt is to int. You have
to make changes just to satisfy the compiler.
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27;t completely gone.
> we wouldn't now be
> discussing the pro and cons of loop comprehension because we could have
> just layed out the code so that it illustrated our intention of a loop
> comprehension.
Which the current syntax is perfectly fine at doing.
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ht
On Mon, 02 Sep 2013 20:14:40 +1000, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Mon, Sep 2, 2013 at 7:52 PM, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> Instead, we would have spent 100 times as much time and energy debating
>> the One True Indentation Scheme, akin to the brace wars that went on
google that for you:
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=kivy+tutorial
Are those links satisfactory?
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= r'\'[:] # and more
^
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal
So the real bug is with the parser.
It is likely that nobody noticed this bug in the first place because the
current behaviour doesn't matter for regexes, which is the primary
purpose of raw strings. You can't end a regex with an unescaped
backslash, so r'abc\'' is an illegal regex and it doesn't matter if you
can't create it.
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, you would have found the tutorials you were
asking about.
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RPC, imagine if
random people on the internet could shut down whichever processes they
like on your machine. But having said that, there are a number of
excellent RPC libraries for Python. Here are two I have (briefly) used:
http://pythonhosted.org/Pyro4/
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/rpyc
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ed the Greek alphabet, although now they use
Cyrillic. Some Albanian dialects still use the Greek alphabet, as do a
couple of Turkic languages from the Balkans. See the Wikipedia entry on
the Greek alphabet for more.
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ems to be confusing ~1000 users a
> month, while not providing any significant functionality.
Ah, Unix users. Who else would imagine that the way to install something
called "wxPython" was to use "install wx"?
:-)
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re strings it sees, so one can nest
pseudo-comments like this:
do_this()
"""
do_that()
do_something() # Make the widget work correctly.
'''
for x in range(5):
do_something_else()
'''
do_something_different()
"""
In the above, every
Mac system, you can use external tools. At the shell (not
the Python shell, the operating system's shell) enter:
cd directory/where/my/source/code/lives
grep *.py MyClassName
or similar. Windows may have a similar tool, but I don't know what it is.
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thing about Python syntax, nor should it.
Technically, it's not ASCII, since ASCII only knows about bytes \x00
through \x7F (decimal 0 through 127). That's why it isn't correct to
describe Python bytes strings as "ASCII strings". They're byte strings
that happen to be displayed as ASCII-plus-other-stuff.
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On Thu, 05 Sep 2013 13:59:17 +1000, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Thu, Sep 5, 2013 at 1:07 PM, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> Technically, it's not ASCII, since ASCII only knows about bytes \x00
>> through \x7F (decimal 0 through 127). That's why it isn't correct
as much a valid way to use multiple
cores as "use threads" might be in another language, and by some
accounts, better than threads.
Or you can use IronPython or Jython, neither of which have the GIL. Or
use Stackless:
http://entitycrisis.blogspot.com.au/2009/06/stackless-vs-gil-its-draw.html
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8 + (2 % 5)
10
Even though these examples are with ints, not strings, the precedence is
the same.
Go back to your code. Read your code. Does it look closer to this:
8 + 2 % 5
or this?
(8 + 2) % 5
Can you solve this problem now?
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e your code confusing.
Shame on you Chris :-) Don't teach newbies to set their head on fire
before teaching them where the fire extinguisher is.
Azureaus, don't use the form "from module import *" unless you really
need to, and as a beginner, you almost never really need t
@superhost.gr [~]#
>
> but all of the needed args are within MESSAGE. Cant it take it from
> there?
Obviously not. If it could, it would.
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ent set of local variables.
> Even as a professional programmer, I'm not really able to follow this.
> It seems self-contradictory, amgiguous, and incomplete.
It's not really any of those things. I'd call it pretentious,
unnecessarily jargon-filled for a tutorial, and (in the case of the call-
by-value comment) not just unhelpful but actively harmful.
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On Thu, 05 Sep 2013 18:59:42 +0300, Ferrous Cranus wrote:
> but tell me please mailx and senmail are 2 differnt MTAs or mailx makes
> use of sendmail MTA?
Nikos, I know you can write English better than that. Are you
deliberately trying to look less intelligent?
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he bear moves away from the door, and
`bear_moved` will be set to True. At that point, the *entire*
if...elif...else block is finished, execution will jump to the end of the
loop, and the next loop will begin.
The second time through the loop, the user is prompted for a command
again. If the us
eware:
> You might actually learn something about advertising while you are there
> also. :)
I don't need to ask them for a business card, since I have a nice
collection of them. Most of them have < 40 characters per line. A few
have < 60 characters on the longest line. None of them come ev
t out. How is an import that occurs
when the code is *run* supposed to make a difference to the way the code
is *written*?
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ot; possible coding schme.
That at least is correct.
> The Flexible String Representation has conceptually to face the same
> problem.
No it doesn't.
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.
That will do to start. If you still need help, please copy and paste the
entire traceback. Also, demonstrating a *minimal* amount of code that
causes this error will help. Although this is written for Java
programmers, the same principles apply to Python code too:
http://sscce.org/
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Not specifically about Python, but still relevant:
http://blog.kickin-the-darkness.com/2007/09/confessions-of-terrible-programmer.html
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On Fri, 06 Sep 2013 13:17:20 -0400, Joel Goldstick wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 6, 2013 at 12:56 PM, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> Not specifically about Python, but still relevant:
>>
>> http://blog.kickin-the-darkness.com/2007/09/confessions-of-terrible-
programmer.html
y.com/story/news/politics/2013/06/16/snowden-whistleblower-nsa-officials-roundtable/2428809/
And if you think it's just the NSA, you *really* haven't been paying
attention. From 2005:
http://www.noplacetohide.net/
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how small the
weights are, and so the probability of getting set(apple, pear, banana,
orange, kiwi) is exactly 1, even if there are ten million apples to
choose from and only one orange.
A more important question is, should the selection be done with or
without replacement? That is, after selecting by chance an apple, does
that mean there is one fewer apple to select next time, and hence the
weight need to be slightly reduced? Or is the apple returned to the pool,
and the weights remain unchanged?
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olved in building gcc, enough people have inspected each
individual component that we can be reasonably confident that it is okay.
> If you can't trust any code you didn't write yourself,
You trust yourself? You sheeple! The truly cautious man doesn't even
trust himself. You might be an unconscious sleeper agent. Haven't you
watched The Running Man?
(Ha ha only serious.)
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.
> Also, is there a way to create a callback in Python?
The answer to your question as you ask it is "Yes, naturally." Callback
is short for *callback function* and describes the *purpose* of the
function, not how you write it or what it does.
But a better answer is, "A callback t
orld. Stuxnet anyone?
[1] I say "so-called", because far too often the people who are supposed
to be upholding the law are actually breaking the law with impunity.
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ore
memory than non-ASCII users. Even if it means everyone is worse off, he
is utterly opposed to giving ASCII users any benefit.
Of course, he neglects to consider that *every single Python user* is an
ASCII user, since most strings in Python are pure ASCII. Names of
builtins, standard l
hod resolution rules as regular methods, they bypass the instance and
go straight to the type, at least for new-style classes.
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ntegerToPersian(number):
"""Convert positive integers to Persian.
>>> integerToPersian(3455)
'۳۴۵۵'
Does not support negative numbers.
"""
digit_map = dict(zip('0123456789', '۰۱۲۳۴۵۶۷۸۹'))
digit
On Tue, 10 Sep 2013 07:01:20 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 10 Sep 2013 00:40:59 +0430, Mohsen Pahlevanzadeh wrote:
>> My question is , do you have reverse of this function?
>> persianToInteger?
>
> The Python built-in int function already supports that:
>
On Tue, 10 Sep 2013 10:45:16 +0100, Oscar Benjamin wrote:
> On 10 September 2013 01:06, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
[rant about executing code over the internet]
> You could have also mentioned pip/PyPI in that. 'pip install X'
> downloads and runs arbitrary code fro
y> open('aß', 'w').write("hello\n")
6
py> open(b'a\xc3\x9f', 'r').read()
'hello\n'
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print item
which gives us this:
py> print_nested_list(['head', 'neck', 'arms', 'legs'])
head
|_> neck
|_> arms
|_> legs
as requested.
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On Wed, 11 Sep 2013 02:24:44 +, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 10/9/2013 22:14, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> On Tue, 10 Sep 2013 14:08:45 -0700, stas poritskiy wrote:
>>
>>> Greetings to all!
>>>
>>> i ran into a little logic problem and tryin
should be direct, hashable values,
> not hidden in a variable name.
I don't even understand what you are talking about here. "[reference]
variables"? What does that mean?
Dict keys are direct, hashable values, and I have no idea what you mean
by "hidden in a variable name".
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operator protocol yourself. Namely, if the
operator special method returns NotImplemented, you're supposed to
reverse the operands and try again.
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d), e):
pass
In Python 3, the parser appears to disallow any extra parentheses inside
the parameter list, even if strictly speaking they don't do anything:
py> def f(a, b, (c), d, e):
File "", line 1
def f(a, b, (c), d, e):
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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s at least
plausible that the file contains text.
Whether that text is meaningful is another story.
You might wish to allow Cf and possibly even Co (format and private-use),
depending on the application.
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On Wed, 11 Sep 2013 22:43:20 -0400, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> just 3 bits if you only cared about decimal digits.
>
> That's a neat trick.
Well obviously it'
set is by calling set(), the same
>> as str(), int(), list(), float(), tuple(), dict(), ...
>
> Blah, blah. Let me know when you got everyone migrated over to
> Python.v3.
What does this have to do with Python 3? It works fine in Python 2.
>>> 4?) It allowed
>>>
the letters, use 'utf-16le'. The
existence of three oh-so-very-slightly different versions of UTF-16 is
why it is a sub-optimal encoding, and it is oh-so-bloody-typical that
Microsoft screwed it up for everyone by picking it as their default
implementation. If they had sensibly used UTF-8, you wouldn't be having
this problem.
Of course, it is possible I've misdiagnosed your problem. I've had to
guess a lot because you didn't show us what you actually did to get the
results you say you got.
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s higher priority than dicts, but frankly I doubt it. It's much more
common to want an empty dict than an empty set, at least in my experience.
>>>> And the obvious way to form an empty set is by calling set(), the
>>>> same as str(), int(), list(), float(), tuple(), dict(), ...
>>>
>>> Blah, blah. Let me know when you got everyone migrated over to
>>> Python.v3.
>>
>> What does this have to do with Python 3? It works fine in Python 2.
>
> I mean, you're suggestions are coming from a "believer", not someone
> wanting to understand the limitations of python or whether v3 has
> succeeded at achieving its potential.
"not someone wanting to understand the limitations of python..." -- are
you aware that I started this thread?
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On Fri, 13 Sep 2013 09:04:06 +0200, Antoon Pardon wrote:
> Op 10-09-13 12:20, Chris Angelico schreef:
>> On Tue, Sep 10, 2013 at 4:09 PM, Steven D'Aprano
>> wrote:
>>> What design mistakes, traps or gotchas do you think Python has?
>>> Gotchas are not nece
programming and find
> something else to do with my life.
What on earth are you talking about?
If you like cutting trees down with an axe, the existence of chainsaws
doesn't stop you from still using an axe.
If you don't like GUI app builders, don't use one.
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ht
of the code is a bit
old and not necessarily "best practice" any more, but it is still good
code.
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from B()')
...
>>> b = B()
In A.__init__()
In B.__init__()
>>> del b
>>>
>>>
>>> import gc
>>> gc.collect()
Goodbye from B()
Goodbye from A()
4
>>>
Does that answer your question?
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Exception as e:
> print( "sendmail => ", date, repr( sys.exc_info() ) )
>
> sys.exit(0)
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is
small, but one day it will be big and will need to be a package with
dozens of modules", that doesn't matter. Don't write the code you think
you will need in five years. Write the code you need now. Google "YAGNI"
for more.
I am sorry that I cannot just give you a simple one-line fix for your
error. As far as I can see, the fix is to re-design the package so that
it is flatter, with fewer imports, and avoid the recursive import.
Good luck!
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ame or the real ip this way since both
> values will be not true.
Are you planning on sending spam? Or some other criminal activity?
I cannot fathom for the life of me a legitimate reason for your website
to use a fake IP address and hostname when sending email.
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esum = sum(List) once, and thecount = len(List) once.
Once you've done that, please write back with your new code, because I
think there will be some more improvements to be made.
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27;), 'bought_price': 23}
What result where you expecting?
If I remember correctly, Qt strings are mutable unicode strings, so
'name' is associated with an empty Qt string. If they are mutable, that
means that once the dict is set:
{'name': QString(u'contents of text field'), ...}
if the text field changes, so will the string. Is that what is happening?
(Or perhaps I have mis-remembered about Qt strings.)
You have two callbacks that appear to set the "name" key in the dict.
Perhaps one of them is setting it to an empty value.
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On Tue, 17 Sep 2013 18:54:51 +, Dave Angel wrote:
> for times in range(0, 5 if person=="George" else 0):
Oh that is evil. Truly evil.
Thank you, I will treasure that piece of code forever.
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