then the problem will be that I can not control the length of this
> line and the sine curve , that should be equal
You have to get the maths right, otherwise the graph will be wrong.
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On Mon, 02 Jun 2014 08:54:33 +1000, Tim Delaney wrote:
> On 1 June 2014 12:26, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>
>
>> "with cross-platform behavior preferred over system-dependent one" --
>> It's not clear how cross-platform behaviour has anything to do wi
//2
A shiny penny for the first person to explain what's going on.[1]
[1] Offer expires April 1st 2014.
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gt;> "5". But a cute hack.
>
> And not on Windows inside IDLE, where attempting to use 4 results in a
> = RESTART = crash.
Sounds like a bug in IDLE.
What happens if you try it in Windows without IDLE, just using the
standard interactive interpreter?
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ls, Pratchett trolls, Rowling trolls, D&D
> trolls, WoW trolls, or what? Details matter.
Now I think you're trolling :-)
Internet troll. As I'm sure you know.
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Don%27t_feed_the_Troll
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Outlook, Excel). The same applies to files demonstrating bugs.
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like this:
s = "Hello"
s += " World!"
does not append to the existing string, but creates a new string, "Hello
World!", and binds it to the name s. Then the two older strings, "Hello"
and " World!" are free to be garbage collected.
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On Tue, 03 Jun 2014 10:01:26 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> On Mon, 02 Jun 2014 20:05:29 +0200, robertw89 wrote:
>>
>>> I invoked the wrong bug.py :/ , works fine now (this happens to me
>>> when im a bit tired sometimes...).
On Tue, 03 Jun 2014 13:27:11 +0100, Damien George wrote:
> Hi,
>
> We would like to announce Micro Python, an implementation of Python 3
> optimised to have a low memory footprint.
Fantastic!
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rtially introduced 3
features such as "from __future__ import division" etc.
Python 3.0 final was released on December 3rd, 2008, just two months
(almost to the day) after 2.6.
https://www.python.org/download/releases/2.6
https://www.python.org/download/releases/3.0
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¶
Python 3 works correctly, whether you use print or sys.stdout:
[steve@ando ~]$ python3.3 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(u'ñβж\n')"
ñβж
(although I haven't tested it on Windows).
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eve that PyPy
has a GIL-less mode, although I may have confabulated that. I don't know
whether Nuitka has a GIL, although Cython does, as do CPython and
Stackless.
The GIL is not a language feature, it is an implementation feature.
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On Wed, 04 Jun 2014 00:19:34 +0300, Marko Rauhamaa wrote:
> Sturla Molden :
>
>> A Python with static typing would have been far better, IMHO.
>
> I don't think static typing and Python should be mentioned in the same
> sentence.
Guido disagrees with you:
https://www.python.org/~guido/static-
Internet. Nice
to see old traditions haven't been forgotten.
> We even have a couple of clucks on our side of the world that refuse to
> even get their feet wet in python because they hate the indentation
> paradigm.
Chances are that they use *exactly the same* indentation rules as P
tb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html
I have found that (like much from Eric S Raymond) it's more idiosyncratic
and pretentious than a useful educational tool. Although this is aimed at
Java programmers, I think it is MUCH more accessible:
http://sscce.org/
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orrect behaviour. The bit could be a flag recording whether
the string contains any surrogate pairs. If the flag was 0, all string
operations could assume a constant 2-bytes-per-character. If the flag was
1, it could fall back to walking the string checking for surrogate pairs.
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lers may well not
> meet, but if you're talking about universality, you need Unicode. It's
> that simple.
> Maybe there's a use-case for a microcontroller that works in ISO-8859-5
> natively, thus using only eight bits per character,
That won't even make the Russians happy, since in Russia there are
multiple incompatible legacy encodings.
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ode sense? Of course not, that would be silly.
The concept of encodings is bigger than just text, and in that sense zip
compression is an encoding which encodes non-random data into a different
format which generally takes up less space.
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tively simple
string library, graphemes are too hard. Code points are simple, and the
language can deal with code points without caring about their semantics.
For instance, in English, I might not want to insert letters between the
q and u of "queen", since in English u (nearly)
On Wed, 31 Jul 2013 13:53:26 +0700, Musical Notation wrote:
> Is it possible to write a Turing-complete lambda function (which does
> not depend on named functions) in Python?
lambda s: eval(s)
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y indentation is no different.
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On Wed, 31 Jul 2013 15:23:21 -0500, Tony the Tiger wrote:
> On Mon, 29 Jul 2013 15:43:24 +0000, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> Am I the only one who is surprised by this?
>
> Most likely.
>
> Floats aren't precise enough to be equal to a (true) fraction.
> flo
have a table
>> of mnemonics/opcodes/instruction-format/addressing-modes.
>
>
> Why are you writing an assembler?
Maybe he's (re-)creating PyPy :-)
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egative. The consensus seems to be, if you have a line of code
that is more than 79 characters, and less than 100 characters, and there
is no clean way to break it over multiple lines, then it is acceptable to
not break it.
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http://bugs.python.org/issue1982
Unfortunately, the %S.%f codes do not appear to work for me on Linux
using Python 2.6, 2.7 or 3.3. Perhaps you will have better luck.
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raise TypeError('names must be strings')
self.name = name
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Running as a script, call the main function.
customer = Customer("XYX")
bank = Bank()
bank.customers.append(customer)
The above is still not what I call professional quality -- no doc strings
(documentation), and the bank doesn't actually do anything, but it's a
start.
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ot Found tries to
set a cookie that doesn't expire for FIVE YEARS.
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a screenshot
and posting that here. But 99 times out of 100, you should be able to
copy and paste the text, or at least re-type it if it is short.
That will do for a start. If any of my instructions are unclear, feel
free to ask for more help, but remember, more detail is usuall
string. Instead, you want to do this:
pie = pie.split()
Now pie will be a list of individual words. You can print the entire list:
print(pie)
or print each word separately:
for filling in pie:
print(filling)
Or pick out one specific filling:
print(pie[2]) # should print 'pecan&#
cter is seen,
otherwise increments the counter by 1. There's a ready-made tool for
doing that:
from collections import Counter
counts = Counter(item[0] for item in pHands[0])
but under the hood, it's essentially doing the same thing as I wrote
above.
Steps 2 and 3 can be done together:
new_list = []
for item in pHand[0]:
c = item[0]
# Look up the character in the counter.
if counts[c] < 4:
new_list.append(item)
pHand[0] = new_list
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On Sat, 03 Aug 2013 19:06:05 -0400, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> 2) Then go through those initial letters, and pick out the ones equal
>> to 4 (or should that be "four
remove.append(card)
Or you could do this at the same time as you build the counter. I leave
it to you to work out how to do that.
The important thing is, you have to start by asking the question, "How
would I do this task?" before you can write Python code for it.
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und no tutorial on how to implement it.
Try Cobra instead. It's Python-like syntax, but allows static typing.
http://cobra-language.com/
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g the
exception:
try:
flag = obj & 8
except TypeError:
flag = False
Or just don't do anything:
flag = obj & 8
If obj is the wrong type, you will get a perfectly fine exception at run-
time. Why do extra work do try to detect the failure when Python will do
it for you?
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.
return SupABB(args)
Either way, the design risks becoming a horrible mess, but you might be
able to use it. Good luck!
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I am seeking comments on PEP 450, Adding a statistics module to Python's
standard library:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0450/
Please read the FAQs before asking anything :-)
Also relevant:
http://bugs.python.org/issue18606
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f either looks like an encoding cookie:
encoding = cookie
# optionally check the end of the file as well
close file
if encoding is None:
encoding = 'utf-8'
read from file using encoding
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tice the line at the top of this message, starting
with ">"? That's what you previously wrote.) If you need help configuring
your email program to quote the previous message, just ask.
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catch it. Calling isinstance should be rare;
calling type to check for an exact class even rarer.
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ist and its copy are, in fact, equal. If they aren't
equal, the test fails.
In this case, the assertions are there as verifiable comments. They
communicate to the reader, "These are the assumptions this test relies
on", except unlike comments, if the assumptions are violated, the test
will fail. Unlike comments, they cannot ever get out of date.
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his apparently arbitrary rule, but they don't need to learn
it *right now* if they don't want.
In any case, the rule can include "When in doubt, use equals". I'm good
with that :-)
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def __ne__(self, other):
if not isinstance(other, MyClass):
return NotImplemented
return bool(self._compare(other))
and so on. You can save a certain amount of repetition (by my count, six
lines of code) by pulling out the "if not isinstance" chec
broken.
:-)
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ject. Maybe it's an
> address, maybe it's not. Only your implementation knows for sure.
/steve cheers from the audience
Thank you for mentioning this. Using Jython:
>>> x = 10
>>> id(x)
1
And using IronPython:
>>> x = 10
>>> id(x)
43
&qu
ith
combining characters correctly.
(It's a hard problem to solve, and really needs support from the font. In
some languages, the same accent will appear in different places depending
on the character they are attached to, or the other accents there as
well. Or so I've been lead to believe.)
> ¹ https://dev.twitter.com/docs/counting-
> characters#Definition_of_a_Character
Looks reasonable to me. No obvious errors to my eyes.
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On Sun, 11 Aug 2013 10:44:40 +0100, Joshua Landau wrote:
> On 11 August 2013 10:09, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> The reason some accented letters have single code point forms is to
>> support legacy charsets; the reason some only exist as combining
>> character
rporate
environments. But I've already said that in the PEP.
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you don't.
However type(obj).__name__ should be better.
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self._FuncPtr((name_or_ordinal, self))
AttributeError: python3.3: undefined symbol: PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE
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terrupt it. So I'm not really sure what you
actually intend to do.
My guess is that what you actually want is something like this:
for i in range(10):
player = Player()
print("Player", i, "has value", player.attr)
This ought to get you started.
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On Mon, 12 Aug 2013 13:42:14 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> Is it possible to call a Python macro from ctypes? For example, Python
>> 3.3 introduces some new macros for querying the internal representation
>> of strings:
>>
>>
"%d : %s " %(score, path)
> print "EN"
>
>
> x = MyClass()
I suspect that when the main thread exits, and your other threads are
still running, you may be in trouble. But I'm not a threading expert, so
I could be wrong. However, I would put something like this at the end:
for thread in x.threads:
x.join()
that way the main thread cannot finish until each of the subthreads are.
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early to mid 1980s. I may have even written some of it myself :-)
Anyway, I don't think we should badger Devyn, we're not his dad and we're
not the code police. All we can do is continue to demonstrate good,
idiomatic, *working* Python code, and hopefully he will learn to write
the same.
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On Tue, 13 Aug 2013 10:11:29 +0200, Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Steven D'Aprano, 13.08.2013 08:25:
>> On Mon, 12 Aug 2013 13:42:14 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:
>>> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>>>
>>>> Is it possible to call a Python macro from ctypes? For ex
PEP, you will
see that this proposal is to have a Python implementation of statistics
functions, not a thin wrapper around another language.
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On Tue, 13 Aug 2013 16:03:46 -0700, englishkevin110 wrote:
> On Tuesday, August 13, 2013 5:58:07 PM UTC-5, Joel Goldstick wrote:
[fixing Joel's top-posting]
>> On Tue, Aug 13, 2013 at 6:51 PM, <> wrote:
>>
>> > I know the title doesn't make much sense, but I didnt know how to
>> > explain my p
es are sent at once.
SMS delivery is not guaranteed *at all*. It's a best-effort delivery
service, which means the telco can drop any SMSes it feels like, for any
reason it likes, without notice or notification.
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tream you are
using, and a bunch of other rules that make it a little more complicated
than just "automatically convert".
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u need further details, please ask.
[1] The constructor is __new__, not __init__. __init__ is called to
initialise the instance after __new__ constructs it.
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s = """Triple-quote string\r
... containing carriage-return+newline line\r
... endings."""
py> s
'Triple-quote string\r\ncontaining carriage-return+newline line\r
\nendings.'
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nsionless, light-year has dimensions of Length, and therefore the
value depends on the units you measure in:
1 light-year:
= 3.724697e+17 inches
= 0.30660139 parsec
= 9.4607305e+12 kilometres
etc.
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ract pure number, but
it's still a number in a way that "light-year" (or "mile", or "gram", or
"second") is not.
Mole is like dozen. Light-year is like mile. And Avagadro's Number is
like "twelve", only a bit bigger :-)
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eople, a dozen couples, or a dozen
football teams, a mole of oxygen molecules is not the same as a mole of
oxygen atoms. But it's still the same number of things in each case, only
the thing differs.
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ractical unit to place
the order, and the supplier no doubt had to convert that unit back into
mass in order to weigh it out and supply it. If you want a kilogram of X,
why not order a kilogram of X, instead of converting it into megamol?
Sigh, I know the answer to that question. "We'
On Fri, 16 Aug 2013 04:39:16 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Thu, 15 Aug 2013 22:56:57 +, Dave Angel wrote:
>
>> To expand a little on that, the unit of "amount of something" is a
>> "gram mole", which is 6.2 **23 grams times the molecular (or at
my script to create 100 of files like sp1 , sp2 ,sp3,..
> sp100 .. using the same syntax
To generate the various file names, you need to loop over a counter from
1 to 100, and stick the count into a string. Use a for-loop and the range
function:
for i in range(1, 101):
filename = "sp" + str(i)
open(filename, "a").close()
If you are a C programmer, you might prefer this style:
filename = "sp%d" % i
Or a more object-oriented style:
filename = "sp{:d}".format(i)
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imal module, it will probably remain pure-Python for a few
releases, but I hope that in the future the statistics module will gain a
C-accelerated version. (Or Java-accelerated for Jython, etc.) I expect
that PyPy won't need one. But because it's not really aimed at number-
crunching megabytes of data, speed is not the priority.
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There is no such built-in function though. By default, Python files are
buffered, so it won't literally read one character from disk at a time.
The actual disk IO will read a bunch of bytes into a memory buffer, and
then read from the buffer.
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sualise a hair. No need to relate
things to the speed of light, which most people cannot visualise, or the
circumference of the earth, or the distance from New York to Tokyo, or
from Venus to Mars at aphelion :-)
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"from struct_global import y" is practically
syntactic sugar for this:
import struct_global
y = struct_global.y
> Is there any way to see where a
> variable resolves to?
You just did. You inspected the variable "y", and you saw that it is
assigned the value 62.
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exceptions stop execution of the current code. What they don't
do is kill the interactive interpreter. That would be foolish. The whole
point of the interactive interpreter is that it is supposed to be
interactive and keep going even if you make a mistake. You're not
supposed to use it for running live production code.
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ing to *inspect*
private attributes, for debugging. Python makes that easy.
Treat other programmers as adults, and they in turn will treat you the
same way. If they insist on messing with your private single-underscore
_attributes, you can't stop them, but that's okay, you don't have to be
sympathetic when they shoot their foot off. Just slap them with a large
halibut[1] and laugh.
[1] Another Monty Python reference.
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atter what it is. You don't have to play a game of "Guess the method
name" with every class you come across.
# Yes, this is good, consistent design
len(myrecord.field)
len(obj.data)
len(data.value)
len(collection[key])
# No, this is crappy, inconsistent design
myrecord.field_len()
On Sun, 18 Aug 2013 00:52:06 +0200, Irmen de Jong wrote:
> On 17-8-2013 19:18, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
[...]
>> How is this:
>>
>> obj.data_length()
>>
>> easier for the user than this?
>>
>> len(obj.data)
>>
>>
> It's not
On Sun, 18 Aug 2013 18:15:10 +0100, Joshua Landau wrote:
> On 17 August 2013 17:17, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> On Sat, 17 Aug 2013 05:26:32 -0700, fsaldan1 wrote:
>>> how do I
>>> deal with the fact that other programmers can easily alter the values
>>
ck ?
Alternative to what? If you mean, alternative to *not* storing it in the
user's directory, then yes, it is :-)
Drawbacks -- yes. I hate it when applications dump temporary files in my
home directory.
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On Mon, 19 Aug 2013 10:16:36 +0200, Antoon Pardon wrote:
> Op 19-08-13 09:45, Dave Angel schreef:
>> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>> Op 17-08-13 17:01, Steven D'Aprano schreef:
>>>>
>>>> And here you re-import the name "y" from struct_g
d I expect that any future "no-rebind" constants will also be capable
of being worked around. This is Python, not Haskell or Ada.
But, naming convention or no naming convention, it is still valuable to
get an exception if you accidentally rebind something that you shouldn't
rebind.
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re your code finishes:
def main():
do_this()
do_that()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
shutdown()
If you care about code running even if an exception takes place:
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
finally:
shutdown()
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On Mon, 19 Aug 2013 16:57:37 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> def func(x):
> ...
>
> # later
> save_func = func
> func = lambda x, y: do_stuff(x, 3*y)-4 result =
> something_that_calls_func()
> func = save_func
>
>
> Nasty, horrible code, yes? But it&
and 2.6 on my
laptop. "python1.5" etc unsets the startup file environment variable,
since my startup file assumes 2.4 or better. "python3.4" points to a
local copy in my home directory. Otherwise, python3.3, python3.2, etc.
work as expected.
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On Mon, 19 Aug 2013 22:34:00 +0200, Antoon Pardon wrote:
> Op 19-08-13 19:05, Steven D'Aprano schreef:
>
>
>> I wish Python had stronger support for enforcing constantness, to whit,
>> some way to say "you can't rebind or delete this name once it is
>>
r example,
Enums are a common, and standard, feature in many programming languages.
Enums will be introduced to Python in 3.4, but even they don't get
special syntax.
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/stable/appendix/success.html
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e, and you call one of its methods:
instance = SomeClass()
instance.method(extra, args)
then Python automatically uses the instance as the "self" argument. This
is equivalent to:
SomeClass.method(instance, extra, args)
# inside the method, self=instance
except Python does it for you, instead of you needing to write it out in
full like that.
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On Wed, 21 Aug 2013 12:52:06 -0400, random832 wrote:
> On Mon, Aug 19, 2013, at 3:05, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> In this toy example, both parties are at fault: the author of Parrot
>> for unnecessary data-hiding of something which is so obviously a useful
>> piece of
here was between ham and eggs. I would much
prefer to see that ham was just an alias:
class Spam:
def eggs(self):
"""eggs docstring"""
pass
ham = eggs
which brings us back to the beginning of your post :-)
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ok's web page (http://www.qtrac.eu/pipbook.html) has the table of
> contents and a link to a free PDF of Chapter 1 so you can see if it
> appeals to you. The book's examples are also available for download from
> that page.
>
> I hope you'll take a look:-)
Looks good!
On Thu, 22 Aug 2013 09:45:43 -0400, Ned Batchelder wrote:
> So that I understand what's going on, what's the bad thing that happens
> with a multi-part message? I would have thought that mail readers would
> choose the preferred part, or is it something to do with the message
> quoting?
This is
use.
[...]
> In summary, I find that modelling something to "use a thread" is much
> clearer than modelling it as "is a thread".
The rest of your arguments seem good to me, but not compelling. I think
they effectively boil down to personal taste. I write lots of non-OOP
code, but when it comes to threads, I prefer to subclass Thread.
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py> adict[key] = "whatever you like"
py> adict
{"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']": 'whatever you like'}
Or if you prefer:
py> {key: "whatever"}
{"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']": 'whatever'}
If you want something else, you'll need to explain more carefully what
you want.
> Or maybe i should do things differently?
Possibly. What sort of things did you have in mind? :-)
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e they are considered
fundamental to the inner workings of Python, unlike mere builtins like
len, map, etc. and therefore should be protected.
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the characters you would like.
* You may need to change the way data gets into your C++ Log function. If
it expects bytes, you may need to use u"...".encode('utf-8') rather than
just u"...". But since I don't understand how data is getting into your
Log function, I can't be sure about this.
I think that is everything. Does that fix your problem?
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27;.join([str(digit) for digit in digits]))
if sign: num = -num
return num, 10**-exp
which is faster, but not fast enough. Any suggestions?
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ame")
else:
handle_error()
It's wrong for a couple of reasons:
- just because the file exists, doesn't mean you can open it;
- even if the file exists when you call the os.path.exists function,
doesn't mean it will still exist a millisecond later when you try to open
it.
Hope this is helpful,
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ept that the latter indicates a deliberate choice
> rather than an indication of carelessness or laziness.
>
> A bare except: is a disservice to the next maintainer of the code.
Do you know anyone who maintains code typed in the interactive
interpreter?
:-)
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ing at index.
If you wish to insert a sequence as a single object, you have two
choices: you can use the list insert() method, or you can wrap the
sequence in a list, and then use slice assignment:
py> L = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
py> L[2:4] = [L]
py> L
[1, 2, [...], 5]
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id of it, and use setattr like you have
already been told:
setattr(self, fieldName, fieldValue)
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etc..
That would be the "referer" header in the HTTP request. (Note that it is
an accidental misspelling of "referrer".) Including a referrer is not
compulsory, so be prepared for it not to be available.
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