On Thu, 08 Nov 2012 23:44:54 -0500, Terry Reedy wrote:
> On 11/8/2012 6:40 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
[...]
>> IFoo.bar # returns a computed property
>
> Assuming IFoo is a class and bar is a property attribute of the class,
> IFoo.bar is the property object itself, not t
On Fri, 09 Nov 2012 17:07:09 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Fri, Nov 9, 2012 at 12:39 PM, Mark Lawrence
> wrote:
>> On 07/11/2012 01:55, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> Who knows? Who cares? Nobody does:
>>>
>>> n -= n
>>
On Fri, 09 Nov 2012 10:49:41 +0100, Hans Mulder wrote:
> On 6/11/12 23:50:59, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> On Tue, 06 Nov 2012 17:16:44 +, Prasad, Ramit wrote:
>>
>>>> To enter the newline, I typed Ctrl-Q to tell bash to treat the next
>>>> character
ot;, line 3, in __init__
TypeError: object.__init__() takes no parameters
It is apparently an oversight, or a bug, that it ever worked in older
versions.
> Note that even though I derive from an immutable class, the resulting
> class is not formally immutable. Maybe exactly that is the th
On Thu, 08 Nov 2012 18:00:58 -0700, Ian Kelly wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 8, 2012 at 4:33 PM, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> On Thu, 08 Nov 2012 20:34:58 +0300, Andriy Kornatskyy wrote:
>>
>>> People who come from strongly typed languages that offer interfaces
>>
If you need named parameters:
def someComputation(aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh):
aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh = [arg.replace("_", "")
for arg in (aa. bb, cc, dd, ee, ff, gg, hh)]
...
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On Fri, 09 Nov 2012 20:51:47 -0800, moonhkt wrote:
> HI All
>
> How to skip Trackback warning/error when input ftp address is not
> correct or reject ?
The same way you would skip any other error when you do something wrong:
catch the exception.
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On Fri, 09 Nov 2012 12:34:27 +0100, Hans Mulder wrote:
> On 7/11/12 01:13:47, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> Hit the J key, and the event includes character "j". Hit Shift-J, and
>> character "J" is sent. Hit Ctrl-J, and the character sent is the A
, cryptic mini-language?
If you're worried about code re-use, write a simple helper function:
def format_items(format, items):
template = '{0:%s}' % format
return ', '.join(template.format(item) for item in items)
out = 'Temperatures: {0} Celsius'.format( format_items('.1f, temps) )
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page = 1
r = ["placeholder"]
while r:
r = api.GetSearch(term="foo", page=page)
process_all(tweets) # does nothing if r is empty
page += 1
Another way would be to use a for list for the outer loop.
for page in xrange(1, sys.maxint):
r = api.GetSearch(term
tion which, according to your tastes, may count as more or
less ugly: inject the default value into the method:
class Point:
def distance(self, other=None): # None is a placeholder
delta = self - other
return math.sqrt(delta.x ** 2 + delta.y ** 2)
Point.distance.__defaults__ = (Point(),)
# In Python 2, use:
# Point.distance.__func__.func_defaults = (Point(),)
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. In two dimensions, you can define the dot
product of two vectors to give a scalar; in three dimensions you have a
dot product and a vector product.
Since vectors are equivalent to points, and points are equivalent to
complex numbers, one could define a vector operation equivalent to
complex multiplication. There is a natural geometric interpretation of
this multiplication: it is a scaling + rotation.
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esting things which "can't possibly
fail". But of course, since what can't go wrong does, you sometimes still
want to test things.
If you've ever written something like:
if condition:
process()
else:
# this cannot happen, but just in case!
print "something unexpected went wrong!"
that's a perfect candidate for an assertion:
assert condition, "something unexpected went wrong!"
process()
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27;s a Python 3 feature.
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e "zero velocity"
relative to which all other velocities are measured. Electric fields are
relative to the vacuum far from any electric charges. And so on.
I quote:
"The angular momentum L of a particle about a given origin is defined as:
L = r × p
where r is the position vector of the particle relative to the origin, p
is the linear momentum of the particle, and × denotes the cross product."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_momentum
Is there some part of "about a given origin" which needs additional
explanation?
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On Sun, 11 Nov 2012 18:21:32 -0600, Tim Chase wrote:
> On 11/11/12 17:18, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> but that leaves you with the next two problems:
>>
>> 2) Fixing the assert still leaves you with the wrong exception. You
>> wouldn't raise a ZeroDivision
On Mon, 12 Nov 2012 17:37:50 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 11/12/2012 05:07 PM, Beekeeper2020 wrote:
[...]
>> Python eventually will die once troll troll troll troll troll...
> In case anybody is tempted to respond to this troll message,
Like you did? Without trimming?
:-P
literals;
* new metaclass syntax;
* classic classes are gone;
* automatic delegation doesn't work for __dunder__ methods;
* backticks `x` gone;
among others. Are these "significant" differences? Well, maybe.
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ither pull that string
apart:
py> s = repr(Pool)
py> start = s.find("'")
py> end = s.rfind("'")
py> s[start+1:end]
'multiprocessing.pool.Pool'
or you can construct it yourself:
py> Pool.__module__ + '.' + Pool.__name__
'multiprocessing.pool.Pool'
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On Tue, 13 Nov 2012 07:54:32 +, Some Developer wrote:
> On 13/11/2012 07:19, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> On Tue, 13 Nov 2012 06:38:31 +, Some Developer wrote:
>>
>>> I'm trying to find a way to get a string of the module path of a
>>> class.
>&
itutions, {0} and {1}. Each substitution has a format
spec following the colon: {0:^9o} and {1:9x}
But the format function only takes a single "object to be substituted",
and so doesn't take a brace substitution. Instead, it just takes the
format spec part:
py> format(25, &#
On Tue, 13 Nov 2012 15:24:53 -0500, Colin J. Williams wrote:
> On 13/11/2012 1:38 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> On Tue, 13 Nov 2012 10:08:59 -0500, Colin J. Williams wrote:
>>
>>> Is there some way to get more informative error messages from the
>>> built
7;ve noticed that some those most vocal against GG have
> also been very vocal about this group being inclusive.
I call bullshit. If you are going to accuse people of being "very vocal"
against minorities, you damn well better have some evidence to back up
your claim.
And if you don't, I would expect a public apology for that slur.
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On Wed, 14 Nov 2012 23:07:53 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Wed, 14 Nov 2012 10:20:13 -0800, rurpy wrote:
[...]
> [...]
>> As an aside, I've noticed that some those most vocal against GG have
>> also been very vocal about this group being inclusive.
>
> I
ake sure something is running is to add "assert 0".
>
> ``1/0`` is shorter. ;-)
It is also guaranteed to run, unlike assert.
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descriptive. EVERYTHING accessed used dot notation obj.thing is
an attribute. What makes your "attribute" different from ordinary
attributes, properties, dynamic attributes calculated with __getattr__,
methods, etc?
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ookup, not the lazy attribute itself. This won't do:
obj.__class__.attr.refresh()
because it won't know which instance to invalidate, although this could
work:
obj.__class__.attr.refresh(obj) # but it's ugly
I'm very vaguely leaning towards this as the least-worst solutio
On Thu, 15 Nov 2012 17:10:27 -0800, alex23 wrote:
> On Nov 16, 3:05 am, Steven D'Aprano [email protected]> wrote:
>> > ``1/0`` is shorter. ;-)
>>
>> It is also guaranteed to run, unlike assert.
>
> Only if they actively pass the co
+-- TypeError
+-- ValueError
+-- Warning
Note that StandardError is gone.
Does anyone use StandardError in their own code? In Python 2, I normally
inherit from StandardError rather than Exception. Should I stop and just
inherit from Exception in both 2 and 3?
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http
()
except Exception as err:
process(err)
But in 2.4 and 2.5 "as err" gives me a SyntaxError, and I have to write:
try:
something()
except Exception, err:
process(err)
Is there some other trick to grab the current exception from inside an
except block?
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On Sat, 17 Nov 2012 14:26:43 +1100, Cameron Simpson wrote:
> On 17Nov2012 03:12, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
> | Is there some other trick to grab the current exception from inside an
> | except block?
>
> sys.exc_info ?
Thanks, that is just what I was looking for.
not
mind-readers and have no idea what you have done and what total you have
got. Please explain your question.
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bly even invalidate the
entire licence.
Licence proliferation hurts us all. Just say No.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_proliferation
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On Sat, 17 Nov 2012 13:37:23 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 11/17/2012 12:25 PM, rh wrote:
>> Is it for or range that is executed 8000 times when I for i in
>> range(3,8000,2):
> Nothing is executed 8000 times. I figure it at 3998 times.
Off by one.
py> len(range(3, 8000,
x27;verbose']:
print('sending email...')
send_email_to(address['fred'], "Subject: Hello")
Use a set when you want to represent a collection of items and the order
is not important:
failed = {'fred', 'tom', 'sally'} # set literal syntax in Python 3 only
# use set(['fred', 'tom', 'sally']) in Python 2
if 'george' in failed:
print('George, you have failed!')
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On Sun, 18 Nov 2012 22:45:43 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote:
> (if you'll forgive the pun)
>
> Is IDLE named after Eric of that name, or is it pure coincidence?
Well, IDLE is an IDE. The L doesn't seem to mean anything, so it's
plausible that it is named after Eric Idl
On Sun, 18 Nov 2012 08:53:25 -0500, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> Use a list when you want a list of items that should all be treated the
>> same way [...] or when you need
eld separator:
./prattle.py ! 873 ! select ! selection = self.do_callback(cb, response)
./prattle.py ! 787 ! do_callback ! raise callback
But there's really nothing you can do about the immutability. There isn't
any meaningful reason why you might want to take a complete stack trace
and add or delete lines from it.
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On Sun, 18 Nov 2012 21:09:36 -0500, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>
>> > The stack that's returned is a list. It's inherently a list, per the
>> > classic d
On Mon, 19 Nov 2012 09:30:54 -0500, Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <[email protected]>,
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>
>> I see. It wasn't clear from your earlier description that the items had
>> been post-processed from
n that your stack trace example is such an example.
As I earlier said:
[quote]
But I can't think of any meaningful, non-contrived example where I might
want an actual mutable list of values as a dict key.
[end quote]
and I still can't.
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Try shlex.split.
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On Tue, 20 Nov 2012 01:24:54 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> Your code is mangled to the point of unreadability.
Ah, never mind, that's *my* fault, not yours. Or rather, my news reader
software. Sorry about the noise.
The rest of my post still stands:
- simplify your example to
7;t actually have an `else` clause, which might
explain why it doesn't get executed.
By the way, you should not write "if something == None", always use "if
something is None" or "is not None". Technically, there are some
exceptions but if you have to ask what they are, you don't need to know
*wink*
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installing from source, use "make
altinstall" instead of "make install" to ensure that it doesn't overwrite
the system Python.
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tributor
>> becomes automatically a co-author.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Pavel
>>
>>
> You are writing it for something called “NCLab”, not for the general
> public, and that sucks.
I don't see why you say that it sucks. Why do you care if a free, useful
Python text book drives some eyeballs to a website?
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ully-qualified
name, or not, as they prefer. I don't know the name of your module, since
your website is down, but let's say it's called "automata":
# Option 1
import automata
automata.type("Hello World")
# Option 2
from automata import type
type("Hello Worl
function was
correct. It automates typing, so you should call it "type" or (for those
paranoid about shadowing the built-in, "type_str".
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gt;
> Just to add one more to the pot, Vim uses "feedkeys()" for a similar
> purpose.
What does it feed to the keys?
Hypercard and other XTalk languages use "type" to simulate typing.
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liberate* shadowing is not. We're all consenting
adults here, if somebody calls "from module import type", and shadows the
builtin type, that's their right to shoot themselves in the foot. Or not,
as the case may be.
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e over LOC -- if the CC is radically high or low for the
LOC, that is valuable to know.
> LoC is much simpler, easier to understand, and
> easier to correct than CC.
Well, sure, but do you really think Perl one-liners are the paragon of
bug-free code we ought to be aiming for? *wink*
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s level before.
seed = pick_a_new_seed_somehow()
levels[name] = seed
map = make_map(name, seed) # whatever arguments needed
redraw(map)
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only two hard problems in Computer Science: cache invalidation
and naming things." -- Phil Karlton
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instead of:
>
> def bletch(x,y):
> if mode=="foo": return x+y*2
> if mode=="bar": return x*4+y
> if mode=="quux": return x+math.sin(y) return x
>
> Okay, this is a stupid contrived example, but tell me which of those
> you'd rather w
essed with the idea that Python is destroying Unicode for the
benefit of the Americans. It's quite sad really.
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> The docstring does not describe this edge case, so I think it could be
> improved. If the first sentence(being an index in S) is kept, than it
> shouldn't say that start and end are treated as in slice notation,
> because that's actually not true.
+1
I think that you are right that the documentation needs to be improved.
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org as well as posting to the newsgroup.
The newsgroup is already automatically mirrored by the mailing list, and
vice versa, so by CCing all you do is needlessly, and annoyingly,
duplicate your message.
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The built-in format() function is the public API for calling the dunder
method __format__. So normally you would write:
format(value, spec)
instead of value.__format__(spec).
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staticmethod nor ordinary instance methods do the job, but
my custom dualmethod does.
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577030/
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g it should
> feel like giving instructions to a human being looking over their
> shoulder at a screen.
In a word processor, I might say
"Type Ctrl-A Ctrl-X to cut all the text from the document."
rather than
"Press Ctrl-A. Now press Ctrl-X."
> We really quite like t
On Fri, 23 Nov 2012 09:52:25 +0100, Peter Otten wrote:
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577030/
>
> Am I reading that right that you don't invoke method() as
> MyClass.method()?
No. I give an example and explicitly state:
Yo
e, repeated three times, can I do
this?
press("""\tA
\tB
\tC
""")
Or do I have to do this?
press(CTRL + 'i')
enter('A')
press(CTRL + 'i')
enter('B')
press(CTRL + 'i')
enter('C')
Speaking of ente
A couple
of days ago I said:
[quote]
If it were possible to be confused by the two types, e.g. if they took the
same arguments but did radically different things, then I would accept
that it was too dangerous/confusing to re-use the name. Reasonable fears
about shadowing and confusion are, well, reasonable.
[end quote]
Your proposal to use "write" is exactly the sort of reasonable confusion
that I was talking about.
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- is an instance of known class
I do not understand what you are saying here. Please try to explain more
carefully.
[1] You cannot lie about the type of an instance, but sometimes you can
actually change its type. Use this feature with care, since it rarely is
useful.
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rs include N, Na, H, and A (when not in East
Asian context).
[end quote]
from unicodedata import east_asian_width
def columns(s, eastasian_context=True):
if eastasian_context:
wide = 'WFA'
else:
wide = 'WF'
return sum(2 if east_asian_width(c) in wide else 1 for c in s)
ought to do it for all but the most sophisticated text layout
applications. For those needing much more sophistication, see here:
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c
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ost.
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d be weakly
typed and operate on any type at all. Since there are no type
restrictions defined, the body cannot enforce those type restrictions.
But that's clearly not true.
Please, everybody, before replying to this thread, please read this:
http://cdsmith.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/an-old-art
- OOPS, you just introduced a bug. What’s the
problem? The dictionary.
[end quote]
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On Mon, 26 Nov 2012 22:14:59 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 11/26/2012 05:18 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> On Mon, 26 Nov 2012 16:58:47 -0500, Dave Angel wrote:
>>
>>> In a statically typed language, the valid types are directly implied
>>> by the funct
entation for deepcopy seriously
lacking? http://docs.python.org/3/library/copy.html
There's no mention of the additional arguments memo and _nil, and while
the docs say to pass the memo dictionary to __deepcopy__ it doesn't
document any restrictions on this memo, how to initialise it, or under
what circumstances you would pass anything but an empty dict.
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in creating windows executable. Thanks in advance
Would you like us to guess what the error is? I love guessing games!
My guess is... "File not found". You need to give the right name for the
file. Am I close?
If my guess was wrong, you need to tell us what the error is.
hon:
[steve@ando ~]$ python -m tabnanny
Usage: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/tabnanny.py [-v] file_or_directory ...
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be nice if Python honoured a directive setting indent
style to spaces or indents, as it honours source code encoding lines:
# -*- indent: -*-
Where could be one of:
space[s]Only accept spaces in indentation
tab[s] Only accept tabs in indentation
mixed Accept "mixed" tabs and spaces, but only if consistent
with mixed the default for backward compatibility.
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Are there any Python programmers in the Toronto area interested in some
informal, very short-term, paid Python tutoring?
Please contact me off-list for details if you are interested.
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bals():
... return TypeError
... x = None
... return NameError
...
py> for i in range(3):
... try:
... print(x + 1)
... except pick_an_exception() as err:
... print("Caught", err)
...
Caught name 'x' is not defined
Caught unsupported oper
ature data from, what makes you think we would have any better
idea? This is a Python forum, not a "Windows programs that give
temperature data" forum.
I recommend you start by doing some research into how to read the
temperature data, including the name of the program. Once you h
o use Python 3, where this is no longer an issue,
or to replace "input" with "raw_input":
py> again = raw_input('Roll again? (y = yes): ')
Roll again? (y = yes): y
py> again
'y'
> This same loop structure appears in many places in this book
On Mon, 03 Dec 2012 16:24:50 +1100, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Mon, Dec 3, 2012 at 8:31 AM, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> Consider this piece of legal Python code:
>>
>> Err = None
>> if condition(x) > 100:
>> Err = OneException
>> elif a
e thing is silly. The right way to test booleans for
their boolean value is just:
if found_0 or found_1:
"flag == True" is the same as "flag".
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lang.python, and mirrored on other places including gmane and
various web sites. Neither email nor Usenet include "counters", so you
will have to explain what you are talking about.
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e global list known as "t"
create a new list: [44] + a slice of x
bind this new list to name "x"
modify in place item 3 of the new list known as "x"
So in this case you have to in-place modifications. The first occurs
while the name "x" still refers to the or
Ian,
For the sanity of those of us reading this via Usenet using the Pan
newsreader, could you please turn off HTML emailing? It's very
distracting.
Thanks,
Steven
On Tue, 04 Dec 2012 12:37:38 -0700, Ian Kelly wrote:
[...]
> On Tue,
> Dec 4, 2012 at 11:48 AM, Alexander Bl
STORE_FAST 0 (x)
12 SET_LINENO 3
15 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (None)
18 RETURN_VALUE
19 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
22 RETURN_VALUE
>>> None = 42
>>> h()
42
Now that None is a keyword, it should always be a LOAD_CONST.
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On Wed, 05 Dec 2012 17:34:57 +, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> I believe that's a leftover from
> early Python days when None was not a keyword and could be reassigned.
Oops! Wrong copy and paste! Here's a simpler version:
[steve@ando ~]$ python1.5
Python 1.5.2 (#1, Aug 27
t;Total not found with in the distributor: %s" % tnf
Ah-ha! It means "Total Not Found"! I shouldn't have to read all the way
to the end of the code to discover this. Instead of "tnf", you should
count the total number of SKUs, and count how many times you call
Update_SQL. Then you can report:
Total records inspected: 754
Total records updated: 392
(or whatever the values are).
Simplify and clean up your code, and then it will be easier to find and
fix the problems in it. Good luck!
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wonder if the code is meant to calculate the new price:
newprice = round(dprice)*1.10 # dprice is the price in the CSV file!
or perhaps it is meant to be:
newprice = int(round(dprice*1.10))
That seems likely.
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pt tk.TclError:
> pass
>
> Is there a problem with either of the above? If so, what should I do
> instead?
They're fine.
Never, ever say that people should never, ever do something.
*cough*
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ple.py:
# 1
from sub_one.foo import in_foo
from sub_one.bar import in_bar
# 2
from sub_one import *
in_foo = foo.in_foo
in_bar = bar.in_foo
Or you could turn to sub_one.__init__ and do this:
# 3
__all__ = ['in_foo', 'in_bar']
from foo import in_foo
from bar import in_bar
or any combination of the above.
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base64
img = fin.read() # read the binary data of the PNG file
data = base64.encodebytes(img) # turn the binary image into text
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO Images SET Data='%s'" % \
mdb.escape_string(data))
and see what that does.
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+= int(s)
except ValueError:
pass # Not a number, ignore it.
Why would you want to log that? It's not an error, it is working as
designed. I hate software that logs every little thing that happens, so
that you cannot tell what's important and what isn't.
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On Thu, 06 Dec 2012 13:51:29 +, Neil Cerutti wrote:
> On 2012-12-06, Steven D'Aprano
> wrote:
>> total = 0
>> for s in list_of_strings:
>> try:
>> total += int(s)
>> except ValueError:
>> pass # Not a number, ignore it.
you prefer a clearer solution? Thanks in advance,
It's perfectly fine for such a simple script. It is readable and explicit.
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x = mydict[key] # fails with KeyError
How could this happen? In the fraction of a second between checking
whether the key exists and actually looking up the key, another thread
could delete it! This is a classic race condition, also known as a Time
Of Check To Time Of Use bug.
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.path.exists(filename):
try:
f = open(filename)
except (IOError, OSError):
handle_missing_file()
else:
handle_missing_file()
But in that case, what's the point of the initial check?
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On Sun, 09 Dec 2012 20:13:43 -0500, Alex Clark wrote:
>>>> import other
> The Zen of Zope, by Alex Clark
I expect that I would find that hilarious if I knew anything about Zope :)
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objects
If you have read it, and the answer is still not clear, then please tell
us so we can improve the documentation.
`for line in open(file, "r"):` does not read the entire file into memory
at once, it iterates over the file reading one line at a time.
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http:
eing 'aware' and the user-input date-time being 'naive'.
"Aware" of what?
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%y')
time.struct_time(tm_year=2013, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=11, tm_hour=0,
tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=346, tm_isdst=-1)
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DivisionError: float division
py>
py> "%(a.test)s" % d # Lies about the problem.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "", line 29, in __getitem__
KeyError: 'a.test [1]'
One more comment:
> # I like to create a master global object called 'g'.
> # No more 'global' statements for me.
> g = thes()
This is not a good thing. Encouraging the use of globals is a bad thing.
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rse.
The question is not "will it parse", but will it parse CORRECTLY?
What will it parse 11/12/10 as, and how do you know that is the intended
date?
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