Re: octave plots/graphics

2019-04-16 Thread Bruno Schneider
Answering to myself for future reference: I installed fonts-freefont-otf and the problem seems to be fixed. This package is not recommended nor suggested by octave. I couldn't find a way to configure a different font file as default font. -- Bruno Schneider

Re: octave plots/graphics

2019-04-16 Thread Henning Follmann
On Tue, Apr 16, 2019 at 10:21:35AM -0300, Bruno Schneider wrote: > I have just installed octave and it seems I'm missing some parts. I'm > using Debian testing with XFCE. I have the following packages > installed: > > $ dpkg -l | grep octave > ii liboctave6:amd64

octave plots/graphics

2019-04-16 Thread Bruno Schneider
I have just installed octave and it seems I'm missing some parts. I'm using Debian testing with XFCE. I have the following packages installed: $ dpkg -l | grep octave ii liboctave6:amd64 4.4.1-5 ii octave4.4.1-5 ii oc

Re: Octave plot bug in Debian testing branch

2014-03-31 Thread Andrei POPESCU
On Lu, 31 mar 14, 17:43:16, Hörmetjan Yiltiz wrote: > Hi, > > I guess I should have sent this to dev list rather than this one. No, please use reportbug to file a bug against the octave package you have installed: reportbug Kind regards, Andrei -- http://wiki.d

Re: Octave plot bug in Debian testing branch

2014-03-31 Thread Hörmetjan Yiltiz
, 2014 at 5:43 PM, Hörmetjan Yiltiz wrote: > Hi, > > I guess I should have sent this to dev list rather than this one. > For short, Octave panics with segfault after `plot(1:5)' function. > > This problem might be caused by upstream: > http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?fun

Octave plot bug in Debian testing branch

2014-03-31 Thread Hörmetjan Yiltiz
Hi, I guess I should have sent this to dev list rather than this one. For short, Octave panics with segfault after `plot(1:5)' function. This problem might be caused by upstream: http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?func=detailitem&item_id=41067 I think we need our packager to get the pat

Re: octave versus scilab

2012-04-02 Thread Kjetil brinchmann Halvorsen
see below: On Mon, Apr 2, 2012 at 05:12, Ólafur Jens Sigurðsson wrote: > On Sun, Apr 01, 2012 at 09:54:50PM +0100, abdelkader belahcene wrote: > > hi, > > I want to choose between octave and scilab, somebody can give us an > > overview > > about advantages and disa

Re: octave versus scilab

2012-04-02 Thread Ólafur Jens Sigurðsson
On Sun, Apr 01, 2012 at 09:54:50PM +0100, abdelkader belahcene wrote: > hi, > I want to choose between octave and scilab, somebody can give us an > overview > about advantages and disadvantages for each. > Now I am using scilab 5.3 and I have a problem ( with graphic interfac

octave versus scilab

2012-04-01 Thread abdelkader belahcene
hi, I want to choose between octave and scilab, somebody can give us an overview about advantages and disadvantages for each. Now I am using scilab 5.3 and I have a problem ( with graphic interface) because it uses java and opengl for the interface. the devloppers said that the pb will be

Re: "octave" linked to "octave-3.6.1" but only "octave-3.6.1" will start octave

2012-03-01 Thread Sven Joachim
On 2012-03-01 16:24 +0100, Edward C. Jones wrote: > I have just compiled and installed octave from source and removed the Debian > octave packages. If I do > > cd /usr/local/bin > ls -il > > the output includes > > 1584647 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 12 Feb 29 2

Re: "octave" linked to "octave-3.6.1" but only "octave-3.6.1" will start octave

2012-03-01 Thread Camaleón
On Thu, 01 Mar 2012 10:24:01 -0500, Edward C. Jones wrote: (...) > If I type "octave", it does not run. The error message is: > > bash: /usr/bin/octave: No such file or directory ^^^^ Because "which octave" is pointing to the wrong path?

Re: "octave" linked to "octave-3.6.1" but only "octave-3.6.1" will start octave

2012-03-01 Thread Keith McKenzie
On 01/03/12 15:24, Edward C. Jones wrote: 262067 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Mar 21 2011 python -> python2.6 262052 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2288272 Dec 26 2010 python2.6 1584647 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 12 Feb 29 22:14 octave -> octave-3.6.1 1584644 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root staff 7346 Feb

"octave" linked to "octave-3.6.1" but only "octave-3.6.1" will start octave

2012-03-01 Thread Edward C. Jones
. This Python came with "squeeze". I have just compiled and installed octave from source and removed the Debian octave packages. If I do cd /usr/local/bin ls -il the output includes 1584647 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root staff 12 Feb 29 22:14 octave -> octave-3.6.1 1584644 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root staf

Re: [Pkg-octave-devel] Octave crashed

2011-03-18 Thread Zbigniew Komarnicki
On Thursday 17 of March 2011 21:44:20 Thomas Weber wrote: > It's not necessary to start a new thread, just give a short summary. > I'm offline most of the time, though. So at the time I read your mail, I > usually don't have net access. > > > I have one more question: where first to signal if giv

Re: [Pkg-octave-devel] Octave crashed

2011-03-17 Thread Thomas Weber
On Thu, Mar 17, 2011 at 10:41:06AM +0100, Zbigniew Komarnicki wrote: > On Wednesday 16 of March 2011 20:19:30 Thomas Weber wrote: > > Hi, > > > > guys, if you forward a mail from a thread to a new recipient (in this > > case the pkg-octave-devel list), pl

Re: [Pkg-octave-devel] Octave crashed

2011-03-17 Thread Zbigniew Komarnicki
On Wednesday 16 of March 2011 20:19:30 Thomas Weber wrote: > Hi, > > guys, if you forward a mail from a thread to a new recipient (in this > case the pkg-octave-devel list), please include *all* relevant > information in the first mail. I actually thought that we received that

Re: [Pkg-octave-devel] Octave crashed

2011-03-16 Thread Thomas Weber
Hi, guys, if you forward a mail from a thread to a new recipient (in this case the pkg-octave-devel list), please include *all* relevant information in the first mail. I actually thought that we received that mail in error, because there was no mention of Debian *at all* in the mail - and even

Re: Octave crashed

2011-03-13 Thread Zbigniew Komarnicki
On Saturday 12 of March 2011 22:56:48 you wrote: > 2011/3/12 Zbigniew Komarnicki > > > I do this but with no success. Thank you anyway. > > > > Zbigniew > > Hmm. But i dont think the problem has to do with the processor, since I am > running octave in a very

Re: Octave crashed

2011-03-12 Thread Pedro A. Tonelli
Hi 2011/3/10 Zbigniew Komarnicki > On Thursday 10 of March 2011 11:35:14 George wrote: > > I had the same problem, but on a non-Debian system. On my system the > > problem was caused by using the SSE3 atlas libraries and was fixed by > > installing with SSE2 libraries. > > Thank you for your hel

Re: Octave crashed

2011-03-10 Thread George
On 3/10/11, Zbigniew Komarnicki wrote: > This package is unavailable so what to do to solve this problem ? > Any help will be very appreciated. I tried to find packages that would help you choose different optimizations, but I was unable to find any. Maybe you can try posting to the debian maint

Re: Octave crashed

2011-03-10 Thread Zbigniew Komarnicki
On Thursday 10 of March 2011 11:35:14 George wrote: > I had the same problem, but on a non-Debian system. On my system the > problem was caused by using the SSE3 atlas libraries and was fixed by > installing with SSE2 libraries. Thank you for your help. I try to search atlas with sse, because my

Re: Octave crashed

2011-03-10 Thread George
On 3/10/11, Zbigniew Komarnicki wrote: > octave:1> a=rand(3,3) > a = > >0.189941 0.570931 0.517541 >0.092924 0.449368 0.680880 >0.146931 0.266066 0.706786 > > octave:2> eig(a) I had the same problem, but on a non-Debian system. On my sy

Octave crashed

2011-03-10 Thread Zbigniew Komarnicki
Hello, I have a problem with octave, see the following session from octave, it is very simple (I want to compute eig(a) and then crash): --- $ octave GNU Octave, version 3.2.4 Copyright (C) 2009 John W. Eaton and others. This is free software

Re: Re: octave-forge in debian

2010-02-06 Thread Svante Signell
> On 5 February 2010 12:31, lc wrote: > > I want to install the package octave-specfun in debian unstable, > > This isn't a question particular to Octave, but it's about Debian > packaging. Please direct questions to Debian mailing lists or support > channels.

Re: octave-forge in debian

2010-02-05 Thread Jordi Gutiérrez Hermoso
On 5 February 2010 12:31, lc wrote: > I want to install the package octave-specfun in debian unstable, This isn't a question particular to Octave, but it's about Debian packaging. Please direct questions to Debian mailing lists or support channels. At any rate, I

Re: Octave compiled with debug symbols?

2010-01-23 Thread Sven Joachim
On 2010-01-23 18:08 +0100, George wrote: > I installed the lenny Octave package and this is what I get: > > octave:1> octave_config_info ("CXXFLAGS") > ans = -O2 -g > > Does this mean that Octave was built with debug symbols? Yes. > If so, why? Because it ma

Octave compiled with debug symbols?

2010-01-23 Thread George
I installed the lenny Octave package and this is what I get: octave:1> octave_config_info ("CXXFLAGS") ans = -O2 -g Does this mean that Octave was built with debug symbols? If so, why? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of "uns

Re: Octave slow?

2010-01-20 Thread Robert Brockway
On Thu, 21 Jan 2010, George wrote: Is it just me or is the GNU Octave on Lenny very slow? Hi George. Do you mean... * Slow compared to MATAB? or * Slow compared to Octave on another platform? or * Slow compared to Octave on etch? or * Something else These days I use Octave like a

Re: Octave slow?

2010-01-20 Thread Kun Niu
It's fast for me at least. George wrote: Is it just me or is the GNU Octave on Lenny very slow? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org

Octave slow?

2010-01-20 Thread George
Is it just me or is the GNU Octave on Lenny very slow? -- To UNSUBSCRIBE, email to debian-user-requ...@lists.debian.org with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact listmas...@lists.debian.org

does octave support multicore?

2009-07-24 Thread Micha Feigin
I couldn't find a clear answer on google other than a package called multicore for octave. I was wondering if octave can utilize multiple cores (multithreaded operations) by default (as matlab partially does) or not? The question is whether it's worth to invest in a quad core for

Re: octave-forge packages don't show or load

2008-02-21 Thread Florian Kulzer
On Wed, Feb 20, 2008 at 19:31:42 +0100, Tomás Revilla wrote: > I installed both octave and octave-forge (2.9 branch) thru synaptic. Under > octave: > > octave:1> pkg list > no packages installed. > octave:2> pkg load odepkg # as in the documentation > error: pack

octave-forge packages don't show or load

2008-02-20 Thread Tomás Revilla
I installed both octave and octave-forge (2.9 branch) thru synaptic. Under octave: octave:1> pkg list no packages installed. octave:2> pkg load odepkg # as in the documentation error: package odepkg is not installed error: evaluating if command near line 1824, column 7 error: evaluati

Re: octave-forge usage?

2007-05-05 Thread Nyizsnyik Ferenc
On Fri, 04 May 2007 10:29:32 +0900 Miles Bader <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, thanks for the response, but I think I'm asking a slightly > different question than you answered. > > I know how to use octave generally, but I want to use some of the > specialized funct

Re: octave-forge usage?

2007-05-03 Thread Ted Hilts
Miles Bader wrote: Hi, thanks for the response, but I think I'm asking a slightly different question than you answered. I know how to use octave generally, but I want to use some of the specialized functions which are distributed in the "octave-forge" package in debian (actu

Re: octave-forge usage?

2007-05-03 Thread Miles Bader
Hi, thanks for the response, but I think I'm asking a slightly different question than you answered. I know how to use octave generally, but I want to use some of the specialized functions which are distributed in the "octave-forge" package in debian (actually "octave2.9-fo

Re: octave-forge usage?

2007-05-03 Thread Ted Hilts
Miles Bader wrote: How exactly does one _use_ octave-forge, once it's installed? I run octave, and ... then what? How do I make it define the functions in octave forge so I can use them? [I see there's a "pkg" command, but none of its subcommands seem to do anything usef

octave-forge usage?

2007-05-02 Thread Miles Bader
How exactly does one _use_ octave-forge, once it's installed? I run octave, and ... then what? How do I make it define the functions in octave forge so I can use them? [I see there's a "pkg" command, but none of its subcommands seem to do anything useful -- e.g. "pkg

Re: octave and octave-forge

2007-04-17 Thread Kamaraju S Kusumanchi
Nyizsnyik Ferenc wrote: > Just a (bit off-topic?) question: I installed octave 2.9 from Etch. Now > it doesn't seem to be included anymore. What to do now? > What do you mean? I am using octave 2.9.9 on Debian Etch. Octave 2.9 is included in Debian Etch. raju -- Kamaraju S K

Re: octave and octave-forge

2007-04-17 Thread Nyizsnyik Ferenc
; > > but each time I try to call a function from octave-forge I get > > > something like "error: dmlread' undefined near line 2 column 1", > > > none of the octave variables like DEFAULT_LOADPATH or LOADPATH > > > are set, at least I get an empty

Re: octave and octave-forge

2007-04-16 Thread Olafur Jens Sigurdsson
Þann 2007-04-16, 10:31:49 (-0400) skrifaði Kamaraju S Kusumanchi: > Olafur Jens Sigurdsson wrote: > > > Hi, I am trying to use octave2.9 in unstable (version 2.9.10 atm) but > > each time I try to call a function from octave-forge I get something > > like "error: d

Re: octave and octave-forge

2007-04-16 Thread Kamaraju S Kusumanchi
Olafur Jens Sigurdsson wrote: > Hi, I am trying to use octave2.9 in unstable (version 2.9.10 atm) but > each time I try to call a function from octave-forge I get something > like "error: dmlread' undefined near line 2 column 1", none of the > octave variables like D

octave and octave-forge

2007-04-16 Thread Olafur Jens Sigurdsson
Hi, I am trying to use octave2.9 in unstable (version 2.9.10 atm) but each time I try to call a function from octave-forge I get something like "error: dmlread' undefined near line 2 column 1", none of the octave variables like DEFAULT_LOADPATH or LOADPATH are set, at least I get a

Re: diff in octave and octave-forge

2005-09-12 Thread Ramiro Aceves
roberto wrote: > Hi all, > i know two different packages (among others) are downloadable for math > computing: > octave and octave-forge > > i have installed and currently using octave 2.1.69 but what are the > differences with octave-forge?? > can i install octave-for

Re: diff in octave and octave-forge

2005-09-10 Thread Colin Ingram
roberto wrote: Hi all, i know two different packages (among others) are downloadable for math computing: octave and octave-forge i have installed and currently using octave 2.1.69 but what are the differences with octave-forge?? can i install octave-forge without conflict with octave 2.1

diff in octave and octave-forge

2005-09-09 Thread roberto
Hi all, i know two different packages (among others) are downloadable for math computing: octave and octave-forge i have installed and currently using octave 2.1.69 but what are the differences with octave-forge?? can i install octave-forge without conflict with octave 2.1? (aptitude says yes

Re: octave under testing: big problem (workaround)

2005-05-10 Thread Andreas Goesele
Andreas Goesele <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > But when I use a plot command together with legend, I get the follwing > warnings and errors: > > warning: in graw near line 150, column 3: > warning: graw is deprecated and will be removed from a future > warning: version o

octave under testing: big problem

2005-05-08 Thread Andreas Goesele
Hi! I have an up to date debian testing install and I need to use octave. But when I use a plot command together with legend, I get the follwing warnings and errors: warning: in graw near line 150, column 3: warning: graw is deprecated and will be removed from a future warning: version of

Re: XEmacs octave mode (font lock problem)

2004-02-05 Thread John W. Eaton
myself then!). It seems to me that bugs are rarely fixed if they are not reported to the people who can actually fix them. So if you complain about Octave bugs somewhere other than the Octave lists, it is much less likely that someone who can fix the problem will notice. Presumably, if you are havin

Re: XEmacs octave mode (font lock problem)

2004-02-05 Thread Victor Munoz
it can't interfere with your stable system. But > you'd need to manually tweak the installation or simply overwrite the .el > files and then rebuild the .elc (see what the postinst does). I did so. Recompiled the .elc using the unstable version of octave-mod.el, put it in /usr/s

Re: XEmacs octave mode (font lock problem)

2004-02-04 Thread Dirk Eddelbuettel
On Thu, Feb 05, 2004 at 12:49:15PM +0900, Victor Munoz wrote: > > > Hello. Lately I've had a problem with editing octave files with > XEmacs. I'm using Debian woody, and this may be an issue with the > distribution or with XEmacs. So I'm posting this to the

XEmacs octave mode (font lock problem)

2004-02-04 Thread Victor Munoz
Hello. Lately I've had a problem with editing octave files with XEmacs. I'm using Debian woody, and this may be an issue with the distribution or with XEmacs. So I'm posting this to the octave help and debian user lists, in case someone has a clue. When I open a fil

octave mode in xemacs

2004-01-13 Thread Victor Munoz
Hello. I'm having problems with the Octave mode in XEmacs. I just made an upgrade of my sid system (January 9), and installed the octave2.1-emacsen package, version 2.1.52-1. I have installed xemacs21-mule, as well, version 21.4.14-1. I tried opening a new file test.m, and it correctly st

Gnunplot zoom in octave (gzoom())

2002-10-30 Thread Neilen
Hi. I'm runing octave2.1, and octave-forge form sid, and wanted to use the gzoom function to use the mouse to zoom a gplot plot. When I run gplot, the following happens: octave> gzoom gzoom: no axis set and `nowriteback' option active. Any ideas? Thanks Neilen -- all we are w

New Octave .deb packages for installing both 2.0.* and 2.1.*

2000-04-08 Thread Dirk Eddelbuettel
I prepared the text below to announce this to the Debian dupload program, but I think it was taken. CC'ed to the Octave list as well. Feedback by Debian and Octave users on the new packages would be appreciated. Announcing Octave 2.0 and 2.1 packages for Debian This

Re: Octave vs. Matlab

1999-09-24 Thread Beverley Eyre
I have Matlab 4.2 and the Signal toolbox, but not the image toolbox. Bev > Anybody has access to Matlab version 4 with signal and image toolbox ? > I would need to test two m files from a book called wavelet transforms. When trying to use this two files > in Octave I get a result b

Printing from octave

1999-05-09 Thread Richard Harran
Could someone please tell me how to get octave to print graphs (preferably to a file). I've tried RTFM, but it's not really helping me here. Thanks in advance Rich

Re: potato's octave?

1999-04-30 Thread Colin Telmer
On Thu, 29 Apr 1999, Pedro Guerreiro wrote: > On Tue, Apr 27, 1999 at 03:56:19PM -0700, Obi wrote: > > I keep getting seg faults when I try to run it. Am I the only one? > > It's probably the problem with glibc2.1. The package was compiled against 2.0, > and segfaults when used under 2.1. I've do

Re: potato's octave?

1999-04-30 Thread Pedro Guerreiro
On Tue, Apr 27, 1999 at 03:56:19PM -0700, Obi wrote: > I keep getting seg faults when I try to run it. Am I the only one? It's probably the problem with glibc2.1. The package was compiled against 2.0, and segfaults when used under 2.1. I've downloaded the sources and compiled it against 2.1 and ev

potato's octave?

1999-04-27 Thread Obi
I keep getting seg faults when I try to run it. Am I the only one? graziano -- Cu do sceccu ni fa mulu i primu cauci e' u so

octave segfaults?

1999-04-02 Thread Obi
Hi, I'm trying to run octave on my potato machine and it segs faults right away. What am I doing wrong? graziano -- Cu do sceccu ni fa mulu i primu cauci e' u so

Re: octave&gunplot&||symbolic math

1998-12-31 Thread Oleg Krivosheev
un > and use the above.I installed octave and gunplot with dselect along with > other stuff > > I also can't figure out how to run the games. I did look up the docs.when > I type any of the /games/* at the prompt I get * not an exec ...or > something to that effect. > > I

Re: octave&gunplot&||symbolic math

1998-12-31 Thread Wojciech Zabolotny
If you are interested in symbolic math, I'll sugest you MuPAD: http://www.mupad.de or ftp://ftp.mupad.de it's free for non-profit educational and scientific use Wojtek Zabolotny [EMAIL PROTECTED]

octave&gunplot&||symbolic math

1998-12-31 Thread Eric Drayer
I am interested in using the above as well as any other packages that might be related...scilab,pari I am having difficulty getting to the documentation that tells how to run and use the above.I installed octave and gunplot with dselect along with other stuff I also can't figure out how t

Re: octave

1997-07-04 Thread Carey Evans
[EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: > Thanks to the many who helped yesterday. Octave complained that it needed > libg++, even though it wasn't listed dependent on it. I tried to install > libg++27_2.7.2.1-6.deb. > When I did, dpkg found several packages in available that had the > ve

Re: octave

1997-07-03 Thread Bruce Perens
> So I installed libc5-dev_5.4.20-1.deb. Nope, install libc5_, not libc5-dev_ The -dev version means "developer", and is for use in compiling programs, not executing them. Thanks Bruce -- Bruce Perens K6BP [EMAIL PROTECTED] 510-215-3502 Finger [EMAIL PROTECTED] for PGP publi

Re: octave

1997-07-03 Thread Colin R. Telmer
On Thu, 3 Jul 1997 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > Thanks to the many who helped yesterday. Octave complained that it needed > libg++, even though it wasn't listed dependent on it. I tried to install > libg++27_2.7.2.1-6.deb. > When I did, dpkg found several packages in avail

Re: octave

1997-07-03 Thread CHUCK
Thanks to the many who helped yesterday. Octave complained that it needed libg++, even though it wasn't listed dependent on it. I tried to install libg++27_2.7.2.1-6.deb. When I did, dpkg found several packages in available that had the version field empty. I looked at the file and each of

Re: octave

1997-07-02 Thread Colin R. Telmer
On Wed, 2 Jul 1997 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > I installed octave with the original installation of debian 1.1 some months > ago. I have not tried to run octave until now. It doesn't get very far- it > says "can't load library 'libg++.so.27' ". I looked

Re: octave

1997-07-02 Thread Dale Scheetz
On Wed, 2 Jul 1997 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > > I installed octave with the original installation of debian 1.1 some months > ago. I have not tried to run octave until now. It doesn't get very far- it > says "can't load library 'libg++.so.27' ". I looked

octave

1997-07-02 Thread CHUCK
I installed octave with the original installation of debian 1.1 some months ago. I have not tried to run octave until now. It doesn't get very far- it says "can't load library 'libg++.so.27' ". I looked for that library on my system and can't find it either.

Re: Bug#3144: octave fails to dynamically load functions

1996-05-28 Thread Dale Scheetz
On Tue, 28 May 1996, Carlos Carvalho wrote: > Package: octave > Version: 1.1.1-2 > > When you invoke octave, it says "failed to load symbols from > /usr/bin/octave.bin". Then when you invoke a function like fft, it > says "failed to link library /usr/lib/liboctdl

Bug#3144: octave fails to dynamically load functions

1996-05-28 Thread Carlos Carvalho
Package: octave Version: 1.1.1-2 When you invoke octave, it says "failed to load symbols from /usr/bin/octave.bin". Then when you invoke a function like fft, it says "failed to link library /usr/lib/liboctdld.a". I tried to install the dld package, but it didn't help.

Re: octave

1996-05-16 Thread Dale Scheetz
On Wed, 15 May 1996, Olivier Abad wrote: > Hi, > I can't get octave-1.1.1-2 to work correctly on my 1.1 system. I get > the following error messages: > > > octave > error: failed to load symbols from `/usr/bin/octave.bin' > Octave, version 1.1.1. > Copyri

octave

1996-05-16 Thread Olivier Abad
Hi, I can't get octave-1.1.1-2 to work correctly on my 1.1 system. I get the following error messages: > octave error: failed to load symbols from `/usr/bin/octave.bin' Octave, version 1.1.1. Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 John W. Eaton. This is free software with ABSOLUTEL