[Tutor] Methods defined in my class are affecting all the objects at runtime.

[Brian Stovall]

Hello world!

I obviously don't understand something important and basic, but I am
having trouble figuring it out myself... I am running python v3.2.2 on
a Win XP machine.

My code:

import card_model
import random

class Pile:
"""An Object reperesenting a list of 'Card' Objects: could be a
hand, discard pile, tableau
or anything really. Has a display_type that is used to clarify
what kind of display to use, and
.deal(cards[] , new_pile(Pile Object)) and .shuffle() methods."""

DISPLAY_TYPES = ["STACK", "FAN", "ACCORDION", "CASCADE"]

def __init__(self, cards = [], display_type = "STACK"):
self.cards = cards
self.display_type = display_type

def __str__(self):
return_string = ""
for i in self.cards:
return_string = return_string + str(i) + "\n"
return_string = return_string + str(self.display_type)
return return_string

def shuffle(self):
random.shuffle(self.cards)

def add(self, card_list):
for i in card_list:
self.cards.append(i)

def deal(self, number_of_cards, position = 0):
"""Deletes the number of cards out of the pile, starting from
position (default is the top) and returns that list of cards, for
communication with other piles' .add methods."""

dealt_list = []
try:
for i in range(number_of_cards):
dealt_list.append(self.cards[position])
del self.cards[position]

return(dealt_list)
except IndexError:
print("Error, out of cards!")

return(None)

I had been testing it with single objects favorably, but when I
instantiate two Pile objects, methods like .add or .shuffle affect all
of the Pile objects in memory. At first I thought the objects were all
initializing to the same space in memory, but it wasn't true. If you
need to see all my modules or my tester code, I will happily post.

Thanks for helping a rank beginner!

-Brian
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Re: [Tutor] Methods defined in my class are affecting all the objects at runtime.

[Peter Otten]

Brian Stovall wrote:

> Hello world!
> 
> I obviously don't understand something important and basic, but I am
> having trouble figuring it out myself... I am running python v3.2.2 on
> a Win XP machine.
> 
> My code:
> 
> import card_model
> import random
> 
> class Pile:
> """An Object reperesenting a list of 'Card' Objects: could be a
> hand, discard pile, tableau
> or anything really. Has a display_type that is used to clarify
> what kind of display to use, and
> .deal(cards[] , new_pile(Pile Object)) and .shuffle() methods."""
> 
> DISPLAY_TYPES = ["STACK", "FAN", "ACCORDION", "CASCADE"]
> 
> def __init__(self, cards = [], display_type = "STACK"):

That is a common pitfall: the default values of functions and methods are 
evaluated only once. Therefore all Pile instances created without an 
explicit cards argument

p = Pile()

end up sharing the same cards list. The idiomatic way to avoid that problem 
is a default value of None:

def __init__(self, cards=None, display_type="STACK"):
if cards is None:
cards = [] # no list provided -> make a new one
self.cards = cards
self.display_type = display_type

Note that this problem can only occur with "mutable" types (types whose 
internal state can be modified at any time); the default for display_type is 
immutable (its state is set once and for all when the object is created) and 
thus cannot cause that kind of trouble.

> self.cards = cards
> self.display_type = display_type
> 
> def __str__(self):
> return_string = ""
> for i in self.cards:
> return_string = return_string + str(i) + "\n"

Have a look at str.join(). Example:

"\n".join(str(card) for card in self.cards)

> return_string = return_string + str(self.display_type)
> return return_string
> 
> def shuffle(self):
> random.shuffle(self.cards)
> 
> def add(self, card_list):
> for i in card_list:
> self.cards.append(i)

Have a look at list.extend().
 
> def deal(self, number_of_cards, position = 0):
> """Deletes the number of cards out of the pile, starting from
> position (default is the top) and returns that list of cards, for
> communication with other piles' .add methods."""
> 
> dealt_list = []
> try:
> for i in range(number_of_cards):
> dealt_list.append(self.cards[position])
> del self.cards[position]

Have a look at list.pop() or slices like 

cards[position:position+number_of_cards]
 
> return(dealt_list)
> except IndexError:
> print("Error, out of cards!")
> 
> return(None)
> 
> I had been testing it with single objects favorably, but when I
> instantiate two Pile objects, methods like .add or .shuffle affect all
> of the Pile objects in memory. At first I thought the objects were all
> initializing to the same space in memory, but it wasn't true. If you
> need to see all my modules or my tester code, I will happily post.
> 
> Thanks for helping a rank beginner!
> 
> -Brian
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Re: [Tutor] Methods defined in my class are affecting all the objects at runtime.

[Steven D'Aprano]

Brian Stovall wrote:

Hello world!

I obviously don't understand something important and basic, but I am
having trouble figuring it out myself... I am running python v3.2.2 on
a Win XP machine.

[...]

I had been testing it with single objects favorably, but when I
instantiate two Pile objects, methods like .add or .shuffle affect all
of the Pile objects in memory. At first I thought the objects were all
initializing to the same space in memory, but it wasn't true.


The problem is not that all Pile objects are in the same space in 
memory, but that they all share the same cards.


If you call:

a = Pile()
b = Pile()
c = Pile()

then all three Piles a, b, c share the same list of cards. If instead 
you explicitly call Pile([]) each time then I bet the problem will go 
away. Try it and see.


The problem occurs in your __init__ method, where you use a default 
value of [] for cards:


def __init__(self, cards = [], display_type = "STACK"):
self.cards = cards
self.display_type = display_type

The thing is, in Python the default value is only calculated *once*, 
when the function or method is defined, and then reused each time. You 
can test this for yourself very easily:



import time

def test(t=time.asctime()):
print(t)


Call test(), wait a few seconds, and call it again, and precisely the 
same time will be printed. The default value for t is calculated once, 
then reused.


Normally this is not a problem, but if the default value is a list or 
dict, it means that the method or function remembers state from one call 
to the next:


>>> def test(x, alist=[]):
... alist.append(x)  # Modify the list in place.
... return alist
...
>>> test(2)  # The first time you call the function, the default is []
[2]
>>> test(3)  # But now the default is [2]
[2, 3]
>>> test(5)  # And now the default is [2, 3]
[2, 3, 5]



You can easily fix this problem by making sure each Pile instance gets 
its own brand new empty list of cards, instead of sharing the same one:


def __init__(self, cards=None, display_type="STACK"):
if cards is None:
cards = []
self.cards = cards
self.display_type = display_type



A couple of other minor points:

Your add method can be simplified to this:

def add(self, card_list):
self.cards.extend(card_list)


Also, your __str__ method builds up the string by repeated concatenation:

def __str__(self):
return_string = ""
for i in self.cards:
return_string = return_string + str(i) + "\n"
return_string = return_string + str(self.display_type)
return return_string

This is generally poor practice. Without going into a lot of detail, 
this risks being slow in Python. Very, very, VERY slow. Depending on the 
details of your operating system, exact version of Python, the specific 
strings being used, you may not notice any slowdown, but the risk is 
still there. The recommended way to build up a string out of many 
smaller substrings is like this:


def __str__(self):
# First build a list of all of the substrings.
substrings = []
for card in self.cards:
# Please use a more descriptive name than "i"
substrings.append(str(card))
substrings.append(str(self.display_type))
# Now join all of the substrings in one fast operation.
return '\n'.join(substrings)


Hope this helps,


--
Steven
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Re: [Tutor] Methods defined in my class are affecting all the objects at runtime.

[Brian Stovall]

Thanks for all the wonderful help, everyone!

On 10/29/11, Peter Otten <__pete...@web.de> wrote:
> Brian Stovall wrote:
>
>> Hello world!
>>
>> I obviously don't understand something important and basic, but I am
>> having trouble figuring it out myself... I am running python v3.2.2 on
>> a Win XP machine.
>>
>> My code:
>>
>> import card_model
>> import random
>>
>> class Pile:
>> """An Object reperesenting a list of 'Card' Objects: could be a
>> hand, discard pile, tableau
>> or anything really. Has a display_type that is used to clarify
>> what kind of display to use, and
>> .deal(cards[] , new_pile(Pile Object)) and .shuffle() methods."""
>>
>> DISPLAY_TYPES = ["STACK", "FAN", "ACCORDION", "CASCADE"]
>>
>> def __init__(self, cards = [], display_type = "STACK"):
>
> That is a common pitfall: the default values of functions and methods are
> evaluated only once. Therefore all Pile instances created without an
> explicit cards argument
>
> p = Pile()
>
> end up sharing the same cards list. The idiomatic way to avoid that problem
> is a default value of None:
>
> def __init__(self, cards=None, display_type="STACK"):
> if cards is None:
> cards = [] # no list provided -> make a new one
> self.cards = cards
> self.display_type = display_type
>
> Note that this problem can only occur with "mutable" types (types whose
> internal state can be modified at any time); the default for display_type is
> immutable (its state is set once and for all when the object is created) and
> thus cannot cause that kind of trouble.
>
>> self.cards = cards
>> self.display_type = display_type
>>
>> def __str__(self):
>> return_string = ""
>> for i in self.cards:
>> return_string = return_string + str(i) + "\n"
>
> Have a look at str.join(). Example:
>
> "\n".join(str(card) for card in self.cards)
>
>> return_string = return_string + str(self.display_type)
>> return return_string
>>
>> def shuffle(self):
>> random.shuffle(self.cards)
>>
>> def add(self, card_list):
>> for i in card_list:
>> self.cards.append(i)
>
> Have a look at list.extend().
>
>> def deal(self, number_of_cards, position = 0):
>> """Deletes the number of cards out of the pile, starting from
>> position (default is the top) and returns that list of cards, for
>> communication with other piles' .add methods."""
>>
>> dealt_list = []
>> try:
>> for i in range(number_of_cards):
>> dealt_list.append(self.cards[position])
>> del self.cards[position]
>
> Have a look at list.pop() or slices like
>
> cards[position:position+number_of_cards]
>
>> return(dealt_list)
>> except IndexError:
>> print("Error, out of cards!")
>>
>> return(None)
>>
>> I had been testing it with single objects favorably, but when I
>> instantiate two Pile objects, methods like .add or .shuffle affect all
>> of the Pile objects in memory. At first I thought the objects were all
>> initializing to the same space in memory, but it wasn't true. If you
>> need to see all my modules or my tester code, I will happily post.
>>
>> Thanks for helping a rank beginner!
>>
>> -Brian
>> ___
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>> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
>
>
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[Tutor] Method to create small and simple database

[Joel Montes de Oca]

Hello everyone,

About me:

This is the first time I post to Tutor@Python.org.

I am brand spanking new to Python. I can create simple application, gone 
through a few tutorials and watched the Google Python 2 day class on 
Youtube. (List of classes: http://goo.gl/Ud5rg)


Just yesterday I figured out how to load up a GUI made in Glade and pass 
singles around and what not. Huge accomplishment for me since 
documentation is a bit shaky for noobs like me. :)


I have some programming knowledge. I learned (self tough) VB when I was 
in middle school and then did a intro to C++ in college. Of course 
mentioning that is trivial since I haven't done any programming for 
about 5 years or so.. But I do know basic concepts. Just need a little 
push in the right direction..


--

I think I know how to design my application but I would like to put it 
on here for you guys to review and provide me with feedback/suggestions 
as to the best way to go about it.


--

The application:

I want to build a simple application that keeps track of items borrowers 
check out. So the end user types in the names of /borrowers/ and also 
types in a list of /items/. Then the end user checks out the /items/ to 
the /borrowers/.


The category that my application would fall under is close to 
/collection management tools/. Here's a list of a few other applications 
that do something like what I am aiming for: 
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-open-source-collection-manager-apps/


In addition to the application keeping track of who has what, I would 
like to code the date the items are out, which borrowers have not 
borrowed anything in the last month, and so on. That said, I need to 
setup some kind of database like file. I don't want to have a database 
server though.


The reason I want to build a new tool is because:

   A) I want to play around with Python
   B) My friend needs the application to be simple and geared to his
   needs without too many extra bells & whistles


--


My method:

I was thinking of using the lxmal module to construct a XML file to 
read/write all the information.


I figured this was the easiest way to do what I need since the 
information is setup as a tree. (Easy to think about and see) Example:





John Doe

 Item1:Item2:||2011/4/2

Mary Doe

 Item3||2011/7/22




Item1

2011/2/1

32

Item2

2011/2/1

22

Item3

2011/2/1

1



The application will not be used in an enterprise kind of environment. 
The application is meant to hold about 80 borrowers and about 100 items 
and that's about it.


Is this a good way to go about my project? Is there a better & easier way?

I don't want to trade off "better" with "easy". Someone once suggested 
on Freenode #Python that I should use a sql database. I don't remember 
the name of it. It was something like lightsql or something like that. 
That particular database didn't use a server end. I guess it spit out a 
txt database or something... This might be a good time to mention I know 
very little about database construction or sql commands.


Anyhow, I am looking forward to hearing opinion's and suggestions.

Thanks!


-- -Joel M
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Re: [Tutor] Method to create small and simple database

[Peter Otten]

Joel Montes de Oca wrote:

> Hello everyone,
> 
> About me:
> 
> This is the first time I post to Tutor@Python.org.
> 
> I am brand spanking new to Python. I can create simple application, gone
> through a few tutorials and watched the Google Python 2 day class on
> Youtube. (List of classes: http://goo.gl/Ud5rg)
> 
> Just yesterday I figured out how to load up a GUI made in Glade and pass
> singles around and what not. Huge accomplishment for me since
> documentation is a bit shaky for noobs like me. :)
> 
> I have some programming knowledge. I learned (self tough) VB when I was
> in middle school and then did a intro to C++ in college. Of course
> mentioning that is trivial since I haven't done any programming for
> about 5 years or so.. But I do know basic concepts. Just need a little
> push in the right direction..
> 
> --
> 
> I think I know how to design my application but I would like to put it
> on here for you guys to review and provide me with feedback/suggestions
> as to the best way to go about it.
> 
> --
> 
> The application:
> 
> I want to build a simple application that keeps track of items borrowers
> check out. So the end user types in the names of /borrowers/ and also
> types in a list of /items/. Then the end user checks out the /items/ to
> the /borrowers/.
> 
> The category that my application would fall under is close to
> /collection management tools/. Here's a list of a few other applications
> that do something like what I am aiming for:
> http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-open-source-collection-manager-apps/
> 
> In addition to the application keeping track of who has what, I would
> like to code the date the items are out, which borrowers have not
> borrowed anything in the last month, and so on. That said, I need to
> setup some kind of database like file. I don't want to have a database
> server though.
> 
> The reason I want to build a new tool is because:
> 
> A) I want to play around with Python
> B) My friend needs the application to be simple and geared to his
> needs without too many extra bells & whistles
> 
> 
> --
> 
> 
> My method:
> 
> I was thinking of using the lxmal module to construct a XML file to
> read/write all the information.
> 
> I figured this was the easiest way to do what I need since the
> information is setup as a tree. (Easy to think about and see) Example:
> 
> 
> 
> 
> John Doe
> 
>  Item1:Item2:||2011/4/2
> 
> Mary Doe
> 
>  Item3||2011/7/22
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Item1
> 
> 2011/2/1
> 
> 32
> 
> Item2
> 
> 2011/2/1
> 
> 22
> 
> Item3
> 
> 2011/2/1
> 
> 1
> 
> 
> 
> The application will not be used in an enterprise kind of environment.
> The application is meant to hold about 80 borrowers and about 100 items
> and that's about it.
> 
> Is this a good way to go about my project? Is there a better & easier way?
> 
> I don't want to trade off "better" with "easy". Someone once suggested
> on Freenode #Python that I should use a sql database. I don't remember
> the name of it. It was something like lightsql or something like that.
> That particular database didn't use a server end. I guess it spit out a
> txt database or something... This might be a good time to mention I know
> very little about database construction or sql commands.
> 
> Anyhow, I am looking forward to hearing opinion's and suggestions.

Well, using sqlite

http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html

may be both better and easier than lxml, but for the tiny amount of data you 
are planning to handle you can also make do with a few of Python's lists and 
dicts, and use pickle

http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html

to save the data when you're done. It won't get easier than that.

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[Tutor] PyQt book advise

[Albert-Jan Roskam]

Hi,

I'm looking for a book about PyQt. Can anybody recommend a good book? My 
shortlist is:

Rapid GUI Programming with Python and QT: The Definitive Guide to PyQt 
Programming (Prentice Hall Open Source Software Development
by Mark Summerfield

Introduction to Python Programming and Developing GUI Applications with PyQT
by B. M. Harwani 

I have another book by Summerfield, and it's VERY good, but it's twice as 
expensive as the other book.

 
Thank you in advance!


Cheers!!
Albert-Jan


~~
All right, but apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public 
order, irrigation, roads, a fresh water system, and public health, what have 
the Romans ever done for us?
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Re: [Tutor] Method to create small and simple database

[Joel Montes de Oca]

On Sat Oct 29 14:14:24 2011, Joel Montes de Oca wrote:



On Sat Oct 29 13:29:59 2011, Peter Otten wrote:


Joel Montes de Oca wrote:



Hello everyone,

About me:

This is the first time I post to Tutor@Python.org.

I am brand spanking new to Python. I can create simple application,
gone
through a few tutorials and watched the Google Python 2 day class on
Youtube. (List of classes: http://goo.gl/Ud5rg)

Just yesterday I figured out how to load up a GUI made in Glade and
pass
singles around and what not. Huge accomplishment for me since
documentation is a bit shaky for noobs like me. :)

I have some programming knowledge. I learned (self tough) VB when I was
in middle school and then did a intro to C++ in college. Of course
mentioning that is trivial since I haven't done any programming for
about 5 years or so.. But I do know basic concepts. Just need a little
push in the right direction..

--

I think I know how to design my application but I would like to put it
on here for you guys to review and provide me with feedback/suggestions
as to the best way to go about it.

--

The application:

I want to build a simple application that keeps track of items
borrowers
check out. So the end user types in the names of /borrowers/ and also
types in a list of /items/. Then the end user checks out the /items/ to
the /borrowers/.

The category that my application would fall under is close to
/collection management tools/. Here's a list of a few other
applications
that do something like what I am aiming for:
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-open-source-collection-manager-apps/

In addition to the application keeping track of who has what, I would
like to code the date the items are out, which borrowers have not
borrowed anything in the last month, and so on. That said, I need to
setup some kind of database like file. I don't want to have a database
server though.

The reason I want to build a new tool is because:

A) I want to play around with Python
B) My friend needs the application to be simple and geared to his
needs without too many extra bells& whistles


--


My method:

I was thinking of using the lxmal module to construct a XML file to
read/write all the information.

I figured this was the easiest way to do what I need since the
information is setup as a tree. (Easy to think about and see) Example:




John Doe

 Item1:Item2:||2011/4/2

Mary Doe

 Item3||2011/7/22




Item1

2011/2/1

32

Item2

2011/2/1

22

Item3

2011/2/1

1



The application will not be used in an enterprise kind of environment.
The application is meant to hold about 80 borrowers and about 100 items
and that's about it.

Is this a good way to go about my project? Is there a better& easier
way?

I don't want to trade off "better" with "easy". Someone once suggested
on Freenode #Python that I should use a sql database. I don't remember
the name of it. It was something like lightsql or something like that.
That particular database didn't use a server end. I guess it spit out a
txt database or something... This might be a good time to mention I
know
very little about database construction or sql commands.

Anyhow, I am looking forward to hearing opinion's and suggestions.



Well, using sqlite

http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html

may be both better and easier than lxml, but for the tiny amount of
data you
are planning to handle you can also make do with a few of Python's
lists and
dicts, and use pickle

http://docs.python.org/library/pickle.html

to save the data when you're done. It won't get easier than that.

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Awesome Peter,

Yea, sqlite3 was what the good folks on irc.freenode.net #Python told
me to use but the pickle module seems like the simpliest way to get
the job done.

I'll look into both of them. I'm going to have to rethink how I am
going to build the program using sqlite or pickle().

Thanks again

-Joel M.



After looking at the Python module documentation for sqlite3 
(http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3), it seems 
to me it's the best way to make the small database that I am looking for.


Now I need to look for a basic tutorial on constructing a simple 
database (tables, rows, keys) and how to connect all that stuff 
together. If anyone happens to know of a good intro tutorial or 
documentation to database concepts, please forward it to me.


Thanks!

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Re: [Tutor] Method to create small and simple database

[xDog Walker]

On Saturday 2011 October 29 11:28, Joel Montes de Oca wrote:
> After looking at the Python module documentation for sqlite3
> (http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3), it seems
> to me it's the best way to make the small database that I am looking for.

First, have a look at shelve, it is in the std library.

-- 
I have seen the future and I am not in it.

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Re: [Tutor] Method to create small and simple database

[Alan Gauld]

On 29/10/11 19:28, Joel Montes de Oca wrote:


After looking at the Python module documentation for sqlite3
(http://docs.python.org/library/sqlite3.html#module-sqlite3), it seems
to me it's the best way to make the small database that I am looking for.


SQLlite is a great way to build small scale SQL databases.
However for this app I'd probably second the advice to use shelve.
Shelve acts like a dictionary in a file so you can associate a list of 
items with a user very very easily.




Now I need to look for a basic tutorial on constructing a simple
database (tables, rows, keys) and how to connect all that stuff
together. If anyone happens to know of a good intro tutorial or
documentation to database concepts, please forward it to me.


You can try the database topic in my tutorial(see below).
It's only available for Python v2 at present but the translation
to Python v3 (if that's what you are using) is trivial.

--
Alan G
Author of the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/

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[Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Richard D. Moores]

The uncertainties module ()
is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
.gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.

Dick Moores
Python 3.2.2
64-bit Win 7
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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Steven D'Aprano]

Richard D. Moores wrote:

The uncertainties module ()
is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
.gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.


Winzip handles .tar.gz files, either separately or together.

http://kb.winzip.com/kb/entry/254

So does Python: see the tarfile module.

http://docs.python.org/library/tarfile.html



--
Steven
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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Richard D. Moores]

On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 18:31, Richard D. Moores  wrote:

> The uncertainties module ()
> is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
> uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
> .gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.
>
> Dick Moores
> Python 3.2.2
> 64-bit Win 7
>

Thanks for the suggestions. Right after I posted, I remembered <
http://www.snapfiles.com/freeware/freeware.html>, and went with  Peazip,
which did the job.

I am curious about how I could have done this just with  the tarfile
module. I'll look into that.

Dick Moores
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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Lie Ryan]

On 10/30/2011 12:31 PM, Richard D. Moores wrote:

The uncertainties module ()
is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
.gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.


7zip has always been my multi-format compressor of choice on Windows.

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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Richard D. Moores]

On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 21:37, Richard D. Moores  wrote:
>
>
> On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 18:31, Richard D. Moores  wrote:
>>
>> The uncertainties module ()
>> is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
>> uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
>> .gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.
>>
>> Dick Moores
>> Python 3.2.2
>> 64-bit Win 7
>
> Thanks for the suggestions. Right after I posted, I remembered 
> , and went with  Peazip, 
> which did the job.
> I am curious about how I could have done this just with  the tarfile module. 
> I'll look into that.

Hm. Problem:

>>> import tarfile
>>> tar = tarfile.open("C:\Users\Richard\Desktop\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz")
  File "", line 1
SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode bytes
in position 2-4: truncated \U escape

What to do?

Thanks,

Dick
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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Lie Ryan]

On 10/30/2011 03:55 PM, Richard D. Moores wrote:

On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 21:37, Richard D. Moores  wrote:



On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 18:31, Richard D. Moores  wrote:


The uncertainties module ()
is now available for 64-bit Python 3.2. I've downloaded
uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz. I need some utility that will handle both
.gz and .tar, I presume. Looking for recommendations.

Dick Moores
Python 3.2.2
64-bit Win 7


Thanks for the suggestions. Right after I posted, I 
remembered, and went with  
Peazip, which did the job.
I am curious about how I could have done this just with  the tarfile module. 
I'll look into that.


Hm. Problem:


import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("C:\Users\Richard\Desktop\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz")

   File "", line 1
SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode bytes
in position 2-4: truncated \U escape



use forward slash for file names even in Windows, or you had to escape 
the backslashes 'C:\\Users\\Richard\\Desktop\\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz' 
or use raw string r"C:\Users\Richard\Desktop\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz"


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Re: [Tutor] Installing the uncertainties module

[Richard D. Moores]

On Sat, Oct 29, 2011 at 22:06, Lie Ryan  wrote:
> On 10/30/2011 03:55 PM, Richard D. Moores wrote:

>>
>> Hm. Problem:
>>
> import tarfile
> tar = tarfile.open("C:\Users\Richard\Desktop\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz")
>>
>>   File "", line 1
>> SyntaxError: (unicode error) 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode bytes
>> in position 2-4: truncated \U escape
>>
>
> use forward slash for file names even in Windows, or you had to escape the
> backslashes 'C:\\Users\\Richard\\Desktop\\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz' or use
> raw string r"C:\Users\Richard\Desktop\uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz"

Should have thought of that.

>>> tar = tarfile.open("C:/Users/Richard/Desktop/uncertainties-1.8.tar.gz")
>>> tar.extractall()
>>> tar.close()
>>>

Thanks!

Dick
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