Re: [Tutor] Moveable and Animated Sprites
On 15/08/11 03:09, Jordan wrote: Is there a more Pythonic way to create the class "MoveableAnimatedSheetSprite" I am using multiple inheritance but I see that I am really loading the image twice when I call __init__ for "AnimatedSheetSprite" and "MoveableSprite". Should I just make a moveable class and have moveable items inherit it with out inheriting from "Sprite"? This is really more a pyGame question than a Python one so you will probably get a better response posting on the PyGame forum. However there are a few pyGamers here so you might get lucky... class Sprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite): def __init__(self, imageName, startx=0, starty=0): pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self) self.image=pygame.image.load(imageName) self.rect=self.image.get_rect() self.image.convert() self.x=startx self.y=starty self.position=vec2d(self.x,self.y) self.selected=False def update(self): pygame.sprite.Sprite.update(self) If you are just calling the superclass you don't need this method. But I assume you will be adding extra content later? If not, your subclasses can still call Sprite.update() without this definition being here. Beyond that I can't add much... -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Moveable and Animated Sprites
Jordan wrote:
> Is there a more Pythonic way to create the class
> "MoveableAnimatedSheetSprite" I am using multiple inheritance but I see
> that I am really loading the image twice when I call __init__ for
> "AnimatedSheetSprite" and "MoveableSprite". Should I just make a
> moveable class and have moveable items inherit it with out inheriting
> from "Sprite"?
> By the way the code does work as intended right now.
> Thank you in advance, if you need more code or what ever just let me know.
You can use super() to avoid duplicate method calls in a diamond-shaped
inheritance tree. The vanilla example:
>>> class A(object):
... def __init__(self):
... print "A"
... super(A, self).__init__()
...
>>> class B(A):
... def __init__(self):
... print "B"
... super(B, self).__init__()
...
>>> class C(A):
... def __init__(self):
... print "C"
... super(C, self).__init__()
...
>>> class D(B, C):
... def __init__(self):
... print "D"
... super(D, self).__init__()
...
>>> D()
D
B
C
A
<__main__.D object at 0x7f5345de9d50>
In your code it's a bit harder because you need compatible method
signatures. One way to achieve that is to rely on keyword arguments and then
stick in **kw. To illustrate:
class Sprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, imageName, startx=0, starty=0, **kw):
super(Sprite, self).__init__(self)
...
class MoveableSprite(Sprite):
def __init__(self, imageName, **kw):
super(MoveableSprite, self).__init__(imageName, **kw)
speed = kw["speed"]
...
m = MoveableSprite("rumpelstiltskin", speed=10, category="fairy tale")
I usually don't get it right the first time, but here's what I think your
update() method would become:
class Sprite(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
pass # no need to implement update() here
class AnimatedSheetSprite(Sprite):
def update(self):
super(AnimatedSheetSprite, self).update()
self.animate()
class MoveableSprite(Sprite):
def update(self):
super(MoveableSprite, self).update()
self.move()
class MoveableAnimatedSheetSprite(MoveableSprite, AnimatedSheetSprite):
pass # no need to implement update() here
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[Tutor] print to file probelm
Hi,
I'm a baffled beginner. The script below is one of a suite of scripts
written by Simon Tatham a decade ago;
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/polyhedra/
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/polyhedra/polyhedra.tar.gz
OS: WinXP
Py Ver: 2.7
Script: canvas.py
It reads from a file name in the command line and should print to a file
name also specified in the command line. It inputs and runs fine but
outputs to the command prompt *screen* while creating and *empty* output
file of the name specified? I cannot figure out why?
[the dashed lines below are not in the script(s)]
---
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Read in a polyhedron description, and output a JavaScript list
# suitable for use in the "data" field of a canvas used by
# canvaspoly.js.
import sys
import os
import string
import random
from math import pi, asin, atan2, cos, sin, sqrt
from crosspoint import crosspoint
args = sys.argv[1:]
if len(args) > 0:
infile = open(args[0], "r")
args = args[1:]
else:
infile = sys.stdin
if len(args) > 0:
outfile = open(args[0], "w")
args = args[1:]
else:
outfile = sys.stdout
vertices = {}
faces = {}
normals = {}
lineno = 0
while 1:
s = infile.readline()
if s == "": break
sl = string.split(s)
lineno = lineno + 1
if sl[0] == "point" and len(sl) == 5:
vertices[sl[1]] = \
(string.atof(sl[2]), string.atof(sl[3]), string.atof(sl[4]))
elif sl[0] == "face" and len(sl) == 3:
if not vertices.has_key(sl[2]):
sys.stderr.write("line %d: vertex %s not defined\n" % \
(lineno, sl[2]))
else:
if not faces.has_key(sl[1]):
faces[sl[1]] = []
faces[sl[1]].append(sl[2])
elif sl[0] == "normal" and len(sl) == 5:
if not faces.has_key(sl[1]):
sys.stderr.write("line %d: face %s not defined\n" % \
(lineno, sl[1]))
else:
normals[sl[1]] = \
(string.atof(sl[2]), string.atof(sl[3]), string.atof(sl[4]))
else:
sys.stderr.write("line %d: unrecognised line format\n" % lineno)
continue
infile.close()
# Normalise the radius of our polyhedron so that it just fits
# inside the unit sphere.
maxlen = 0
for v in vertices.values():
vlen = sqrt(v[0]**2 + v[1]**2 + v[2]**2)
if maxlen < vlen: maxlen = vlen
for v in vertices.keys():
vv = vertices[v]
vertices[v] = (vv[0]/maxlen, vv[1]/maxlen, vv[2]/maxlen)
# Assign integer indices to vertices and faces.
vindex = {}
findex = {}
vlist = []
flist = []
for v in vertices.keys():
vindex[v] = len(vlist)
vlist.append(v)
for f in faces.keys():
findex[f] = len(flist)
flist.append(f)
s = "[%d" % len(vertices)
for i in range(len(vertices)):
v = vertices[vlist[i]]
s = s + ",%.17g,%.17g,%.17g" % (v[0], v[1], v[2])
s = s + ",%d" % len(faces)
for i in range(len(faces)):
f = faces[flist[i]]
n = normals[flist[i]]
s = s + ",%d" % len(f)
for v in f:
s = s + ",%d" % vindex[v]
s = s + ",%.17g,%.17g,%.17g" % (n[0], n[1], n[2])
s = s + "]"
print s
--
The other scripts run and output just fine. They do have some extra
script of varying parameters that seem to be about reassigning the print
command, possible with formatting of output in mind? Here are a those
sections from two of the other scripts:
From mkpoints.py
def realprint(a):
for i in range(len(a)):
outfile.write(str(a[i]))
if i < len(a)-1:
outfile.write(" ")
else:
outfile.write("\n")
def pprint(*a):
realprint(a)
--
the final output lines are
--
# Output the points.
for x, y, z in points:
pprint(x, y, z)
--
From drawpoly.py
--
def realprint(a):
for i in range(len(a)):
outfile.write(str(a[i]))
if i < len(a)-1:
outfile.write(" ")
else:
outfile.write("\n")
def psprint(*a):
realprint(a)
--
the last two output lines are
--
psprint("showpage grestore")
psprint("%%EOF")
--
For the problem script, canvas.py, the output is a long single line
beginning with a "[", containing a mixture of integers and signed real
numbers separated only by a commas, and ending in a "]".
Any help to begin my understanding of print (re)assignments, and, fixing
this script would be MOST welcome, thanks to you all!
Best Regards,
John. [Total newbie, time since first Python DL, <24hrs! Still use
GWBasic!!! ... Really need to learn Python!]
_
Re: [Tutor] print to file probelm
John Collins wrote: > Hi, > I'm a baffled beginner. The script below is one of a suite of scripts > written by Simon Tatham a decade ago; > http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/polyhedra/ > http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/polyhedra/polyhedra.tar.gz > > OS: WinXP > Py Ver: 2.7 > Script: canvas.py > > It reads from a file name in the command line and should print to a file > name also specified in the command line. It inputs and runs fine but > outputs to the command prompt *screen* while creating and *empty* output > file of the name specified? I cannot figure out why? > args = sys.argv[1:] > > if len(args) > 0: > infile = open(args[0], "r") > args = args[1:] > else: > infile = sys.stdin > > if len(args) > 0: > outfile = open(args[0], "w") > args = args[1:] > else: > outfile = sys.stdout If you pass two args this will open two files, infile for reading, and outfile for writing. While infile is actually used... > while 1: > s = infile.readline() > if s == "": break ... > infile.close() ... outfile is not. The print statement > print s will always write to stdout. You can modify the print statement to print >> outfile, s or use outfile.write(s + "\n") instead. It is good style to close the file explicitly when you're done with outfile.close() ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] print to file probelm
Hi John,
Just as a note, I am looking at the included scripts (and not the linked
scripts). I believe the problem you are having is with the lines below.
for i in range(len(faces)):
f = faces[flist[i]]
n = normals[flist[i]]
s = s + ",%d" % len(f)
for v in f:
s = s + ",%d" % vindex[v]
s = s + ",%.17g,%.17g,%.17g" % (n[0], n[1], n[2])
s = s + "]"
print s
The problem is probably caused by the very last line above. This prints 's' to
std out (the console) instead of a file. This should probably be something like
(not tested - just a guide)
outfile.write(s)
outfline.close()
I would also like to add that string concatenation is not recommended in
Python. The better way to concatenate is to do something like:
S = []
s.append( 'test' )
s.append( ",{0}".format( vindex[v] ) )
s.append( ",%.17g,%.17g,%.17g" % (v[0], v[1], v[2]) )
# Join at the very end
" ".join(s)
Furthermore, the following can be easily written without the backslash (which
can be prone to errors if something appends anything after it (like non-CRLR
whitespace --or whatever Windows uses). Instead you can wrap things is
parenthesis
normals[sl[1]] = \
(string.atof(sl[2]), string.atof(sl[3]), string.atof(sl[4]))
Try this instead:
normals[sl[1]] = (string.atof(sl[2]),
string.atof(sl[3]), string.atof(sl[4]))
OR if you have a single long string.
Var = ( self.really_long_variable_name + some_other_really_long_variable +
what_another_really_long_variable ) # returns a single element
Be careful not to put a comma at the end of the parenthesis, because if you do
the statement will return a tuple instead.
Var = ( self.really_long_variable_name + some_other_really_long_variable +
what_another_really_long_variable, ) # returns a tuple with one
element
Ramit
Ramit Prasad | JPMorgan Chase Investment Bank | Currencies Technology
712 Main Street | Houston, TX 77002
work phone: 713 - 216 - 5423
This email is confidential and subject to important disclaimers and
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[Tutor] which version do i have and how do i change it
So i installed python 2.7.1 on my linux and i bought a book that requires python 3 so installed python 3, and i used terminal and typed in python -V and it said 2.7.1 how do i get it to be 3 (i tried deleting it but i couldn't what should i do?) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] which version do i have and how do i change it
On 16 August 2011 00:43, Connor Merritt wrote: > So i installed python 2.7.1 on my linux and i bought a book that requires > python 3 so installed python 3, and i used terminal and typed in python -V > and it said 2.7.1 how do i get it to be 3 (i tried deleting it but i > couldn't what should i do?) > Try python3 -V The default is probably still Python2 but that does not mean you can't use Python explicitly. Walter ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] which version do i have and how do i change it
On 16 August 2011 00:48, Walter Prins wrote: > The default is probably still Python2 but that does not mean you can't use > Python explicitly. > Meant to say, "can't use Python3 explicitly". ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] directory within directory
I would like to open up a bunch of files within a folder within a folder and then process them and output them in another location but with the same folder structure. I seem to having trouble with the folder within folder section. I have a separate folder for each year and then within a year I have a separate folder for each month but when I try to make a directory in a new location it does not place the month folders within the year folders, instead they are all places in the outputpath together any help will be greatly appreciated import os inputpath=r'E:/temp_samples2/' outputpath=r'E:/figureoutputs/' for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(inputpath): for dir in dirs: print path, dir newfolders=outputpath+dir if not os.path.exists(newfolders): os.makedirs(newfolders) print newfolders ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] help in TKINTER
Hello tutors, I wanted some help in using the Tkinter class for button creation, I am not able to add on click events i.e. when I press the button certain action should be performed for example if I press the button named 5, then it should display 5 in the text field . Help will be appreciated. -- Regards Aditya ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] which version do i have and how do i change it
On Tuesday 16 August 2011 00:48:08 Walter Prins wrote: > On 16 August 2011 00:43, Connor Merritt wrote: > > So i installed python 2.7.1 on my linux and i bought a book that requires > > python 3 so installed python 3, and i used terminal and typed in python > > -V and it said 2.7.1 how do i get it to be 3 (i tried deleting it but i > > couldn't what should i do?) > > Try > > python3 -V > > The default is probably still Python2 but that does not mean you can't use > Python explicitly. If you prefer to have Python 3 only, you could also uninstall Python 2.7.1. You do not say what version of what distro you are using, nor what method you used to install Python 2, so I can't be more explicit. Lisi ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
