Re: [Tutor] Feedback on coding style
Hi, Re: coding style, I can *really* recommend the book 'Code Complete' (http://cc2e.com/). It doesn't focus on Python specifically, but it's a wonderful book. You can find a pdf checklist of the book if you Google a bit. Cheers!! Albert-Jan ~~ All right, but apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, a fresh water system, and public health, what have the Romans ever done for us? ~~ From: Dave Angel To: howit...@archlinux.us Cc: tutor@python.org Sent: Wed, December 8, 2010 11:01:05 PM Subject: Re: [Tutor] Feedback on coding style On 01/-10/-28163 02:59 PM, howit...@archlinux.us wrote: > Hi. > > For the past week, I've been following an online Python guide named: > 'Learn Python the Hard Way'. I'm very happy with it as it gives a lot of > freedom to explore. > > However, due to this I have no idea if I'm thinking the right way. That's > why I've attached a script of mine I've been working on all day. > > It works a 100%, but I'm afraid I've made very bad choices concerning > design and coding style. (If it could've been much simpler, if there are > glaring mistakes, poor methods, ..) > > Could anyone be so friendly as to offer a bit of feedback, to a newbie? > > PS: The script very simple accepts 2 arguments from the commandline. > First arg being the number to which should be counted, > second arg being the interval. > > Thank you, > Adrian I agree with Hugo, probably on all his points. But to help you fix it, I think I can help you a bit as well. First is I think you're misunderstanding the purpose of a function. A function should be a self-contained piece of code that gets called, and that returns when done. You're using them mostly as a way to implement what BASIC used to have as a GOTO. For example, when a loop is needed, you do it by calling another function which calls the first one. That is called recursion if it's done on purpose, and a bug if it happens by accident. Second is that you're misusing global variables. A function needs to be called with those values it needs to do its work, and it needs to return the results of that work. Very seldom should those things be globals. Start with the first function. You declare it with maxn and incr as parameters, and you call it correctly. But it also uses the globals, rather than using the ones passed in. Then the function ask_change(). You should be passing it the two arguments, and getting back modified arguments as return values. And the function shouldn't call the_loop() itself, it should just get the new values. jibjab_result() is trying to be a loop, by effectively calling itself, through choice_result(). If you need a loop, just write one. And that loop will probably be in ask_change(), without needing any other functions inside. It's good to decompose a problem into functions, but you're not using functions in the way they're designed. For small problems, this can work, but as the problems get more complex, you'll be forced to change your habits. DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] role playing game - help needed
Can you explain this in a little more detail?
>
>
sure.
>
>for name in attributes.keys():
> attributes[name] = int( input("How many points do you want to assign to %s "
> %
>name) )
>
>Where did you get 'name' from?
>
I made it up. The for loop takes the form
for in :
where the bits in <> are provided by the programmer.
name was just a "meaningful" variable name that I chose.
> What does the % do and how does it work inside the
> quotation marks as opposed to outside?
This is called string formatting. Actually in Python 3 there is a new way of
doing this but the older style, like this, still works.
Basically within the string we insert percent signs followed by
a special letter to indicate the type of data we want to insert into
the string. %s means a string, %d a decimal number, %f a floating
point number etc.
The % immediately after the string is a separator preceding the
values to be inserted into the string
Try it at the >>> prompt:
>>> "%d is a number" % 6
6 is a number
>>> "%d is the result of %d + %d" % (6+7,6,7)
13 is the result of 6 + 7
>>> "My name is %s" % "Alan"
My name is Alan
Someone else might show you the v3 way using the
new string.format() operator
HTH,
Alan G.
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Re: [Tutor] Feedback on coding style
"Albert-Jan Roskam" wrote Re: coding style, I can *really* recommend the book 'Code Complete' (http://cc2e.com/). It doesn't focus on Python specifically, but it's a wonderful book. I'll second that. I haven't read the 2nd Ed but the first edition was one of the few (5 or 6?) books I've read about computing that actually changed the way I write code. It's not an absolute beginners book, you need a bit of experience in writing reasonable length programs - more than 100 lines say, to really appreciate why some things are recommended, but for the right audience it is, as Albert says, a wonderful book.. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Feedback on coding style
Thanks a lot for the very friendly and constructive comments. I can't wait to start overhauling the script with the comments received here. If I could repay the friendliness to anyone, let me know. Adrian ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Save file in a specific directory
Thank you Jerry! The suggestion you told me make my code worked! > > > > dbf = Dbf(d,new=False, readOnly=True) > > > ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] updating databases with null values
I have a set of questions that ask about a customers name, address, email, etc. some of these values are allowed to be null, and others aren't. Some are required to have specific formats when they aren't null. I'm happy with the code Ive written and its question asking routine, but I need help understanding how best to deal with null values. I'm connecting to a postgres database with the python postgres module described here: http://python.projects.postgresql.org/ I'm also using python 3.x if it matters. The sql is different if you want to allow null values update table set value = "string" where condition with null value: update table set value = NULL where condition It would seem I need several iterations of the prepared db statement for various combinations of null values or I don't allow null values at all and put empty strings in the database instead of the null value. Could someone help me think through this idea and help me decide on a good method. Right now I'm thinking that I should skip null values and just store zero length strings in the db. I don't like it, but its certainly much easier (at least to me so far) Your thoughts? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] updating databases with null values
On 12/9/2010 11:46 AM, Rance Hall wrote: I have a set of questions that ask about a customers name, address, email, etc. some of these values are allowed to be null, and others aren't. Some are required to have specific formats when they aren't null. I'm happy with the code Ive written and its question asking routine, but I need help understanding how best to deal with null values. I'm connecting to a postgres database with the python postgres module described here: http://python.projects.postgresql.org/ I'm also using python 3.x if it matters. The sql is different if you want to allow null values update table set value = "string" where condition with null value: update table set value = NULL where condition It would seem I need several iterations of the prepared db statement for various combinations of null values or I don't allow null values at all and put empty strings in the database instead of the null Offhand I'd say you could use a parameterized stattement, like update table set value = ? where condition Then pass either the string or NULL when executing. I don't know postgresql's exact way to do this. value. Could someone help me think through this idea and help me decide on a good method. Right now I'm thinking that I should skip null values and just store zero length strings in the db. I don't like it, but its certainly much easier (at least to me so far) Your thoughts? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill NC ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Calling Program within Program
Hello:
I would like to know how to call a program from within a program and what
directory I should place one small program file in. I am running Python
2.6.6 and Windows 7.
I have a directory called C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs and it has the files
BreakersCafe.txt and BreakersCafe.py. This is my primary program running
fine.
I have a subdirectory called C:\Users\StarShip\PyProg \PicturesForTesting
and another subdirectory C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\CustomFunctions with
various program files, functions defined in them, etc. which I import in
my primary program. For example:
def Newbanner():
print "\n Alternate Selections\n"
Now I have the small program below which is fully self-contained and I
want to execute it from within BreakersCafe.txt. I would like to use
raw_input and if statement for simple yes/no asking if they would like to
see this BeveragesMenu.txt and have it as the last 3-4 lines of the
main().
The only directory of these three that has __init__ is
C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\CustomFunctions
and as you can see, the program below is not a function, it has no 'def'
anything. I get 'NameError: global name 'BeveragesMenu' is not defined'
when I run this in IDLE. I suppose I _could_ make this a function :} but
it is likely doable to call a program as a program, right? I am also
compiling to a .pyw file where applicable.
Thanks for the help.
Patty
"""
This is C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\BeveragesMenu.txt and BeveragesMenu.py.
Program file for displaying an image using Tkinter built-in GUI functions.
open root window, open file descriptor for image, open new window file
descriptor to manipulate with Tkinter Label library function.
Pic needs to be displayed as a banner. Uses the compound="top" argument to
do this.
--> take out the pack()function didn't work, pack()is required
Uses import Tkinter
Program using new breaker's jpg picture; bar choices are not selectable
"""
import Tkinter
import ImageTk
rootwindow = Tkinter.Tk()
fhdl=
ImageTk.Image.open("C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\PicturesForTesting\houseimage.jpg")
image_var = ImageTk.PhotoImage(fhdl)
whdl = Tkinter.Label(rootwindow, compound="top", image=image_var,
text="\n\n!!!WELCOME TO BREAKER'S BREAKFAST BAR!!!\n\n\nBeverage Choices:
Sparkling Water; Milk; Orange Juice; Apple Juice *OR*\n\n **From Our
Bar**Smoothie; Breakers Sun Tea; Chai; Cafe Mocha; Latte;
Mimosa")
whdl.pack()
rootwindow.mainloop()
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[Tutor] Increment by string, Array
Hello,
I have a large code that I am using for ARC GIS I know could be much smaller
but it works like it is. I have programmed in C++ but am just beginning with
python I believe the answer would be to do a parallel array however I am having
trouble keeping the SQL statment in the string format it should be and putting
in the array. So I ended up using a string.template and just incrementing
manually.
Here is a sample of the code:
# ---
# MakeFeature.py
# Created on: Tue Nov 23 2010 11:07:25 AM
#
# ---
# Import system modules
import sys, string, os, arcgisscripting
# Create the Geoprocessor object
gp = arcgisscripting.create()
gp.overwriteoutput = 1
# Check out any necessary licenses
gp.CheckOutExtension("spatial")
# Load required toolboxes...
gp.AddToolbox("C:/Program Files (x86)/ArcGIS/ArcToolbox/Toolboxes/Spatial
Analyst Tools.tbx")
gp.AddToolbox("C:/Program Files (x86)/ArcGIS/ArcToolbox/Toolboxes/Data
Management Tools.tbx")
# Local variables...
wrs_season_Layer = "wrs_season_Layer"
wrs_season_shp = "D:\\model\\wrs_season.shp"
Temp_mdb = "D:\\model\\Temp.mdb"
ecoregions = "D:\\model\\Eco\\wwfecoregions\ecoregions.shp"
t=string.Template("D:\\model\\Temp.mdb\\T$Num")
p = string.Template('"PATH" = $Path')t
# Process:
print "Calculating row 1"
gp.MakeFeatureLayer_management(wrs_season_shp, wrs_season_Layer,
p.substitute(Path ='1'), Temp_mdb,)
gp.TabulateArea_sa(wrs_season_Layer,"PR", ecoregions, "BIOME", t.substitute(Num
= '1'), "0.01")
print "Calculating row 2"
gp.MakeFeatureLayer_management(wrs_season_shp, wrs_season_Layer,
p.substitute(Path ='2'), Temp_mdb,)
gp.TabulateArea_sa(wrs_season_Layer,"PR", ecoregions, "BIOME", t.substitute(Num
= '2'), "0.01")
print "finished
#This process repeats for 200 paths each requiring a calculation and a separate
table creation indicating which path they are calculating#
The problem I had when making $Path a variable is it won't process the SQL
statement any longer because of the quotes around it. The format has to stay in
(' "PATH" = X')
for it to ingest correctly, another way would be "\"PATH\" = 1" however the
same problem arises when you try to turn the 1 into a variable.
Any help would be much appreciated I would think I could just create a parallel
array incrementing by 1 and just looping through for 233 paths?
Thankyou,
Lynn ___
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Re: [Tutor] Increment by string, Array
Can you use something like this:
for i in range(1,201):
s = str(i)
Then Path = '1' can become Path = s
On Thu, Dec 9, 2010 at 2:39 PM, wrote:
> Hello,
> I have a large code that I am using for ARC GIS I know could be much
> smaller but it works like it is. I have programmed in C++ but am just
> beginning with python I believe the answer would be to do a parallel array
> however I am having trouble keeping the SQL statment in the string format it
> should be and putting in the array. So I ended up using a string.template
> and just incrementing manually.
> Here is a sample of the code:
>
> #
> ---
> # MakeFeature.py
> # Created on: Tue Nov 23 2010 11:07:25 AM
> #
> #
> ---
> # Import system modules
> import sys, string, os, arcgisscripting
> # Create the Geoprocessor object
> gp = arcgisscripting.create()
> gp.overwriteoutput = 1
> # Check out any necessary licenses
> gp.CheckOutExtension("spatial")
> # Load required toolboxes...
> gp.AddToolbox("C:/Program Files (x86)/ArcGIS/ArcToolbox/Toolboxes/Spatial
> Analyst Tools.tbx")
> gp.AddToolbox("C:/Program Files (x86)/ArcGIS/ArcToolbox/Toolboxes/Data
> Management Tools.tbx")
>
> # Local variables...
> wrs_season_Layer = "wrs_season_Layer"
> wrs_season_shp = "D:\\model\\wrs_season.shp"
> Temp_mdb = "D:\\model\\Temp.mdb"
> ecoregions = "D:\\model\\Eco\\wwfecoregions\ecoregions.shp"
>
> t=string.Template("D:\\model\\Temp.mdb\\T$Num")
> p = string.Template('"PATH" = $Path')t
>
> # Process:
>
> print "Calculating row 1"
> gp.MakeFeatureLayer_management(wrs_season_shp, wrs_season_Layer,
> p.substitute(Path ='1'), Temp_mdb,)
> gp.TabulateArea_sa(wrs_season_Layer,"PR", ecoregions, "BIOME",
> t.substitute(Num = '1'), "0.01")
>
> print "Calculating row 2"
> gp.MakeFeatureLayer_management(wrs_season_shp, wrs_season_Layer,
> p.substitute(Path ='2'), Temp_mdb,)
> gp.TabulateArea_sa(wrs_season_Layer,"PR", ecoregions, "BIOME",
> t.substitute(Num = '2'), "0.01")
> print "finished
>
>
> #This process repeats for 200 paths each requiring a calculation and a
> separate table creation indicating which path they are calculating#
> The problem I had when making $Path a variable is it won't process the SQL
> statement any longer because of the quotes around it. The format has to stay
> in (' "PATH" = X')
> for it to ingest correctly, another way would be "\"PATH\" = 1" however the
> same problem arises when you try to turn the 1 into a variable.
>
> Any help would be much appreciated I would think I could just create a
> parallel array incrementing by 1 and just looping through for 233 paths?
> Thankyou,
> Lynn
>
> ___
> Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org
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>
>
--
Joel Goldstick
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[Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
Hi all, I am reading the source of a project I hope to help with (http://www.qwitter-client.net). I sometimes see something like: val=val or 1 I am guessing that val is an int. If val==0, the 'or' kicks in and val=1, else the or is not needed and val=val. Am I close? Can other words or symbols be used in contexts where one would not normally think of them? Thanks. -- Have a great day, Alex (msg sent from GMail website) mehg...@gmail.com; http://www.facebook.com/mehgcap ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
On 10/12/10 00:51, Alex Hall wrote: Hi all, I am reading the source of a project I hope to help with (http://www.qwitter-client.net). I sometimes see something like: val=val or 1 I am guessing that val is an int. If val==0, the 'or' kicks in and val=1, else the or is not needed and val=val. Am I close? Can other words or symbols be used in contexts where one would not normally think of them? Thanks. Hi Alex, This is one of those times the interactive interpreter comes in handy eg: In [1]: val=5 In [2]: val=val or 1 In [3]: val Out[3]: 5 In [4]: val=0 In [5]: val=val or 1 In [6]: val Out[6]: 1 You are right by the way and I know you can't test every possibility but, as you already suspected the outcome, this just reinforces it I think. HTH, Adam. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
"Alex Hall" wrote val=val or 1 I am guessing that val is an int. If val==0, the 'or' kicks in and val=1, else the or is not needed and val=val. Am I close? Yes this is a combination of what is known as short circuit evaluation of boolean expressions and a quirk of Python that returns the actual value of something that is being treated as a boolean. There is a section on this in the Functional Programming topic in my tutor which explains and illustrates in much more detail. This particular trick is now deprecated in favour of the new conditional expressiion, so your code would now be written as: val = val if val else 1 Can other words or symbols be used in contexts where one would not normally think of them? See my tutor, it shows how and can be used in similar ways... HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
Thanks to all for the quick responses. Python always surprises me with its shortcuts... On 12/9/10, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Alex Hall" wrote > >> val=val or 1 > >> I am guessing that val is an int. If val==0, the 'or' kicks in and >> val=1, else the or is not needed and val=val. Am I close? > > Yes this is a combination of what is known as short circuit > evaluation of boolean expressions and a quirk of Python that > returns the actual value of something that is being treated as > a boolean. > > There is a section on this in the Functional Programming > topic in my tutor which explains and illustrates in much > more detail. > > This particular trick is now deprecated in favour of the new > conditional expressiion, so your code would now be written as: > > val = val if val else 1 > >> Can other words or symbols be used in contexts where one >> would not normally think of them? > > See my tutor, it shows how and can be used in similar ways... > > HTH, > > -- > Alan Gauld > Author of the Learn to Program web site > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > > > ___ > Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org > To unsubscribe or change subscription options: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- Have a great day, Alex (msg sent from GMail website) mehg...@gmail.com; http://www.facebook.com/mehgcap ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
On Fri, Dec 10, 2010 at 2:07 AM, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Alex Hall" wrote >> >> val=val or 1 > >> I am guessing that val is an int. If val==0, the 'or' kicks in and >> val=1, else the or is not needed and val=val. Am I close? > > Yes this is a combination of what is known as short circuit evaluation of > boolean expressions and a quirk of Python that returns the actual value of > something that is being treated as a boolean. > Doesn't short-circuit evaluation refer specifically to the behavior where arguments are only evaluated if they need to be? It's a very useful feature, but not technically required for the "val = val or 1" behavior to work. Also, returning on of its operands rather than a boolean is hardly a quirk, since basically all dynamic languages do it ever since perl made "val = val or 1" an idiom (at least, I think it was perl). There is more to the innocent little or. See http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#truth-value-testing It works on any type, not just numbers, and operates by truth value testing, which is more complicated than it might first seem. Hugo ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] 'or' in assignment (not if statement)?
Hugo Arts wrote: Doesn't short-circuit evaluation refer specifically to the behavior where arguments are only evaluated if they need to be? It's a very useful feature, but not technically required for the "val = val or 1" behavior to work. Yes, exactly. Some languages (Pascal comes to mind) doesn't have short-circuit behaviour at all. If I've understood correctly, some languages (Algol, I think, but don't quote me) have short-circuiting function parameters, so you could do this: x = 0 function(flag, x/0) and the argument x/0 would only be evaluated if the function actually tried to use it. Python has short-circuit behaviour for: x or y x and y all(iterable) any(iterable) true_value if condition else false_value Also, returning on of its operands rather than a boolean is hardly a quirk, since basically all dynamic languages do it ever since perl made "val = val or 1" an idiom (at least, I think it was perl). Yes, it's certainly useful and not deprecated. At worst, it's less common since the introduction of the ternary if operator, but it's still useful. You can do things like this: extras = [] # Global list of extra names to use. def func(x, names=None): # Do something with x and an optional list of names. names = names or extras or ['my', 'internal', 'list', 'of', 'names'] do_stuff_with(x, names) This means that the names actually used will be the first of: - the function argument - the global extras - the built-in internal list which is not empty. So you can override the internal list globally by setting extras, and you can override the global list by passing a list of names to the function. -- Steven ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Calling Program within Program
Patty,
I didn't read through your code, but to call an external program see
the 'subprocess' module in the standard library:
http://docs.python.org/library/subprocess.html
-Modulok-
On 12/9/10, pa...@cruzio.com wrote:
>
> Hello:
>
> I would like to know how to call a program from within a program and what
> directory I should place one small program file in. I am running Python
> 2.6.6 and Windows 7.
>
> I have a directory called C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs and it has the files
> BreakersCafe.txt and BreakersCafe.py. This is my primary program running
> fine.
>
> I have a subdirectory called C:\Users\StarShip\PyProg \PicturesForTesting
> and another subdirectory C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\CustomFunctions with
> various program files, functions defined in them, etc. which I import in
> my primary program. For example:
>
> def Newbanner():
> print "\n Alternate Selections\n"
>
> Now I have the small program below which is fully self-contained and I
> want to execute it from within BreakersCafe.txt. I would like to use
> raw_input and if statement for simple yes/no asking if they would like to
> see this BeveragesMenu.txt and have it as the last 3-4 lines of the
> main().
>
> The only directory of these three that has __init__ is
>C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\CustomFunctions
> and as you can see, the program below is not a function, it has no 'def'
> anything. I get 'NameError: global name 'BeveragesMenu' is not defined'
> when I run this in IDLE. I suppose I _could_ make this a function :} but
> it is likely doable to call a program as a program, right? I am also
> compiling to a .pyw file where applicable.
>
> Thanks for the help.
>
> Patty
>
> """
> This is C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\BeveragesMenu.txt and BeveragesMenu.py.
> Program file for displaying an image using Tkinter built-in GUI functions.
> open root window, open file descriptor for image, open new window file
> descriptor to manipulate with Tkinter Label library function.
>
> Pic needs to be displayed as a banner. Uses the compound="top" argument to
> do this.
>
> --> take out the pack()function didn't work, pack()is required
>
> Uses import Tkinter
>
> Program using new breaker's jpg picture; bar choices are not selectable
> """
>
>
> import Tkinter
> import ImageTk
>
> rootwindow = Tkinter.Tk()
>
> fhdl=
> ImageTk.Image.open("C:\Users\StarShip\PyProgs\PicturesForTesting\houseimage.jpg")
> image_var = ImageTk.PhotoImage(fhdl)
>
> whdl = Tkinter.Label(rootwindow, compound="top", image=image_var,
> text="\n\n!!!WELCOME TO BREAKER'S BREAKFAST BAR!!!\n\n\nBeverage Choices:
> Sparkling Water; Milk; Orange Juice; Apple Juice *OR*\n\n **From Our
> Bar**Smoothie; Breakers Sun Tea; Chai; Cafe Mocha; Latte;
> Mimosa")
>
> whdl.pack()
> rootwindow.mainloop()
>
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