Re: [Tutor] Convert a Sequence of Images into an AVI file

[Alan Gauld]

"Wayne Watson" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote


 I have a file of images shot at a frame rate of 1/30th of a second.
...I'd like to simply take the large images out of the file and make
an avi file from them. What in Python will help me do that?


Have you looked at PIL?
The Python wrapper around ImageMagick may be of use too.

Alan G 



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Re: [Tutor] name 'x" is not defined

[carme colominas]

thank you very much,  very clear explanation, I will try with the beginner
Phyton tutorials.
carme

2008/10/17 Alan Gauld <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>

> "carme colominas" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote
> it
>
>> I'm a  linguist and absolut new on Python; I'm trying to follow the first
>> chapter of *Natural Language Processing in Python.
>>
>
> I'm not familiar witrh it but if the code you have is from the first
> chapter then I suggest you should go through one of the beginner
> Python tutorials first.
>
> You don't say whether you know any other programjing languages
> but from your question it doesn't look like it so I'll suggest you
> try the Non Programmers tutorials:
>
> http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers
>
> what does it mean that a function is not defined
>> and how to proceed?
>>
>
>  Traceback (most recent call last):
>>  File "", line 2, in 
>>   if fdist(word)>= 3:
>> NameError: name 'fdist' is not defined
>>
>
> Note that it doesn't say the function is not defined it says
> the *name* is not defined.  That's a different thing. These
> kinds of details matter in programming.
>
> A name can be as variable or a function or a class or
> a module or most any other kind of object in Python.
> Names have to be created before they are used in Python.
> In this case it is a function and we create it by defining
> the function or by importing the function from another module.
> The other possibility is to access it from another module
> which we have already imported - like you did with the
> words() function:
>
> nltk.corpus.brown.words()
>
> You may just need to preface the fdist() function with the
> name of the module where it is defined.
>
> But all of this will makemuch more sense if you go through
> one of the tutorials on the link above.
>
> --
> Alan Gauld
> Author of the Learn to Program web site
> http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld
>
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Re: [Tutor] [Edu-sig] school physics/math courses

[michel paul]

"We should abandon the vision that physicists seek an ultimate mathematical
description of the universe since it is not obvious that it exists.  The job
of the physicist is that of modeling phenomena within the physical scales of
observed events. For some systems, the modeling can be done more effectively
using algorithms."

This is very interesting.  Thanks for sending it.

On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 7:14 PM, Massimo Di Pierro
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>wrote:

> Hi Paul,
>
> this is a document I write as a summary of a meeting I attended in 2006 at
> Argonne National Laboratory about revising the Physics curriculum. If it is
> of any use you can do anything you want with it.
>
> Massimo
>
>
>
>
> On Oct 16, 2008, at 5:55 PM, michel paul wrote:
>
> This would be a great text for a high school math/CS class:  Math for the
> Digital Age .
>
> - Michel
>
> On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 4:15 AM, roberto <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>> hello
>> (i am rather new in python ...)
>>
>> i am about to start a course of physics and math for students aged
>> 14-17 (high school)
>> and i am deeply interested in the possibilty of teaching fundamental
>> concepts of these subjects via teaching programming;
>> i chose python (i won't change my mind ...)
>>
>> so i am looking for resources on how to deal with these topics via
>> this great programming language;
>>
>> i need some help from you and moreover if you are aware of books
>> already covering these need
>>
>> thank you in advance
>> --
>> roberto
>> OS: GNU/Linux, Debian
>> ___
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>> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/edu-sig
>>
>
> 
>
>
>
>
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Re: [Tutor] [Edu-sig] school physics/math courses

[Edward Cherlin]

2008/10/17 michel paul <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
> "We should abandon the vision that physicists seek an ultimate mathematical
> description of the universe since it is not obvious that it exists.

I disagree with this attitude. We can seek an ultimate mathematical
description, since it is not obvious that it does not exist. We should
also be aware that we do not have one, and have some idea of the range
of validity of our models. This will help us to avoid mathematical
absurdities, particularly the infinities that result from calculations
on unphysical point masses and point charges.

> The job
> of the physicist is that of modeling phenomena within the physical scales of
> observed events.

True much of the time. Another part of the job is to model outside the
scale of the observed, and go make the new observations needed, as in
the case of General Relativity.

> For some systems, the modeling can be done more effectively
> using algorithms."

As a mathematician, I don't know what that means. Every algorithm can
be represented by a system of equations in a number of ways, and every
system of equations can be solved, at least approximately, by various
algorithms.

As a teacher, I know very well what it means. Some representations are
easier to understand, or easier to work with, or easier to learn from.
Various thinkers, including Babbage, Whitehead, and Iverson, have
commented on the effects of the way we represent problems on our
ability to think about them, and not only they but luminaries from
Fibonacci to Einstein have labored to invent or teach new notations
and representations.

> This is very interesting.  Thanks for sending it.
>
> On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 7:14 PM, Massimo Di Pierro <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> wrote:
>>
>> Hi Paul,
>> this is a document I write as a summary of a meeting I attended in 2006 at
>> Argonne National Laboratory about revising the Physics curriculum. If it is
>> of any use you can do anything you want with it.
>> Massimo
>>
>>
>>
>> On Oct 16, 2008, at 5:55 PM, michel paul wrote:
>>
>> This would be a great text for a high school math/CS class:  Math for the
>> Digital Age.
>>
>> - Michel
>>
>> On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 4:15 AM, roberto <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>>
>>> hello
>>> (i am rather new in python ...)
>>>
>>> i am about to start a course of physics and math for students aged
>>> 14-17 (high school)
>>> and i am deeply interested in the possibilty of teaching fundamental
>>> concepts of these subjects via teaching programming;
>>> i chose python (i won't change my mind ...)
>>>
>>> so i am looking for resources on how to deal with these topics via
>>> this great programming language;
>>>
>>> i need some help from you and moreover if you are aware of books
>>> already covering these need
>>>
>>> thank you in advance
>>> --
>>> roberto
>>> OS: GNU/Linux, Debian
>>> ___
>>> Edu-sig mailing list
>>> [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/edu-sig
>>
>> 
>>
>
>
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>
>



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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Kent Johnson]

On Fri, Oct 17, 2008 at 10:18 AM, Arun Tomar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> hi!
>
> I'm trying to generate documentation for my pylons web application.

> 2. epydoc
> I liked epydoc, the generated document looks more like what is
> generate by ruby tools, i guess rdoc. if i give it a single python
> file it works fine. but if i want epydoc to go into a specific folder
> & generate the documentation for all the files & files in the sub
> directories, it doesn't automatically do that. any pointers there.

I have used epydoc to create docs for entire packages by giving it the
package name on the command line. The package must be in the current
Python path.

Looking at epydoc's own makefile it appears that you can also specify
a directory.

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Arun Tomar]

hi!

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 5:17 PM, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Fri, Oct 17, 2008 at 10:18 AM, Arun Tomar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> hi!
>>
>> I'm trying to generate documentation for my pylons web application.
>
>> 2. epydoc
>> I liked epydoc, the generated document looks more like what is
>> generate by ruby tools, i guess rdoc. if i give it a single python
>> file it works fine. but if i want epydoc to go into a specific folder
>> & generate the documentation for all the files & files in the sub
>> directories, it doesn't automatically do that. any pointers there.
>
> I have used epydoc to create docs for entire packages by giving it the
> package name on the command line. The package must be in the current
> Python path.
>
> Looking at epydoc's own makefile it appears that you can also specify
> a directory.

I've a pylons web application in the directory called helloworld.
if i give the command for epydoc to generate the documentation it
gives the below mentioned errors:

 epydoc helloworld/
  Error: Directory 'helloworld/' is not a package
  Error: Nothing left to document!

Can you guide me how can i accomplish this task.

> Kent
>

Regds,
Arun.
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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Marc Tompkins]

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 6:45 AM, Arun Tomar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

>
> I've a pylons web application in the directory called helloworld.
> if i give the command for epydoc to generate the documentation it
> gives the below mentioned errors:
>
>  epydoc helloworld/
>  Error: Directory 'helloworld/' is not a package
>  Error: Nothing left to document!
>
> Can you guide me how can i accomplish this task.
>

To turn a folder into a proper Python package, just create a file called
"__init__.py"
The file can be empty - that's probably good enough to let epydoc work
properly - but you can also add initialization and imports.

-- 
www.fsrtechnologies.com
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Re: [Tutor] [Edu-sig] school physics/math courses

[bob gailer]

Edward Cherlin wrote:

[snip]

As a teacher, I know very well what it means. Some representations are
easier to understand, or easier to work with, or easier to learn from.
Various thinkers, including Babbage, Whitehead, and Iverson, have
commented on the effects of the way we represent problems on our
ability to think about them, and not only they but luminaries from
Fibonacci to Einstein have labored to invent or teach new notations
and representations.
  
I'm glad to see Iverson amongst Babbage and Whitehead. In 1974 I was 
introduced to his invention: APL. That transformed how I thought about 
problems and expressed algorithms. I still wish for some way to bring 
some of that magic into Python.


I found it interesting to hear (in the migration to Python 3) that the 
Python reduce function was not used a lot or well understood. I 
certainly use and understand it.


A brief tutorial for any who have read this far and are curious: In 
Python one may combine the elements of a list using sum() (if the sum is 
desired). For other functions one uses reduce. To get the product of the 
elements of a list Y: reduce(operator.mul, Y). In APL reduce is / and 
multiply is x so one writes x/Y. (Classic APL had only upper case for 
names).


I can write and comprehend x/Y much faster than the wordy equivalent.

And Y can  be an array of 0 or more dimensions. +/Y computes the "row 
sum" giving an array of one less dimensions*. So if Y were:

1 2 3
4 5 6
the row sum is 6 15.
* if the number of dimensions is 0 (a "scalar" value) the result is the 
scalar value unchanged.


--
Bob Gailer
Chapel Hill NC 
919-636-4239


When we take the time to be aware of our feelings and 
needs we have more satisfying interatctions with others.


Nonviolent Communication provides tools for this awareness.

As a coach and trainer I can assist you in learning this process.

What is YOUR biggest relationship challenge?

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[Tutor] PyCon 2009 (US) - Call for Tutorials

[Greg Lindstrom]

The period for submitting tutorial proposals for Pycon 2009 (US) is open and
will continue through Friday, October 31th. This year features two
"pre-conference" days devoted to tutorials on Wednesday March 25 & Thursday
March 26 in Chicago. This allows for more classes than ever.

Tutorials are 3-hours long on a specific topic of your choice. Last year we
featured classes on Learning Python, Web Development, Scientific Computing,
and many more. Class size varied from 10 to over 60 students. The extended
time spent in class allows teachers to cover a lot of material while
allowing for interaction with students.

The full Call for Tutorial Proposals, including submission details, an
example proposal as well as a template, is available at .

Tutorial selections will be announced in early December to give you time to
prepare your class and PyCon will compensate instructors US$1,500 per
tutorial.

If you have any questions, please contact [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Greg Lindstrom
Tutorial Coordinator, PyCon 2009 (US)
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Re: [Tutor] [Edu-sig] school physics/math courses

[Massimo Di Pierro]

On Oct 18, 2008, at 12:03 AM, Edward Cherlin wrote:

2008/10/17 michel paul <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>:
"We should abandon the vision that physicists seek an ultimate  
mathematical

description of the universe since it is not obvious that it exists.


I disagree with this attitude. We can seek an ultimate mathematical
description, since it is not obvious that it does not exist. We should
also be aware that we do not have one, and have some idea of the range
of validity of our models. This will help us to avoid mathematical
absurdities, particularly the infinities that result from calculations
on unphysical point masses and point charges.


a consequence of the Godel theorem is that even if a complete  
mathematical description of the universe exists, and we find it, we  
cannot prove it is complete. We can only prove it works for those  
phenomena we have observed.


I say the goal if to seek a comprehensive effective theory that  
describes and explains observed phenomena.





The job
of the physicist is that of modeling phenomena within the physical  
scales of

observed events.


True much of the time. Another part of the job is to model outside the
scale of the observed, and go make the new observations needed, as in
the case of General Relativity.


General relativity describes observed phenomena. It was so even at  
times of Einstein (orbit of planets)





For some systems, the modeling can be done more effectively
using algorithms."


As a mathematician, I don't know what that means. Every algorithm can
be represented by a system of equations in a number of ways, and every
system of equations can be solved, at least approximately, by various
algorithms.


Mathematical formulas described relations between quantities.  
Algorithms described a process (for example a process to solve a  
mathematical formula).
If you believe you can find a ultimate model for everything, it has  
to be described in mathematical terms. If you believe you cannot do  
better than explain known events observed with a finite precision,  
then numerical algorithms provide an efficient way to model the  
physics. I am not saying one can have one without the other. I am  
saying it is easier to teach Newton's gravity using Euler's  
approximate algorithm that it is to do it using symbolic integration.




As a teacher, I know very well what it means. Some representations are
easier to understand, or easier to work with, or easier to learn from.
Various thinkers, including Babbage, Whitehead, and Iverson, have
commented on the effects of the way we represent problems on our
ability to think about them, and not only they but luminaries from
Fibonacci to Einstein have labored to invent or teach new notations
and representations.


I agree.

Massimo
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Re: [Tutor] retrieving httponly cookies on accessing webpage with urllib2

[xbmuncher]

Thanks for the insight Kent. The problem wasn't because of the httpOnly
cookies, I just wasn't requesting the right page. I did get it to send me
the httpOnly cookies when I requested the right page. Apparently, the right
page was a redirection of the original page. When I used to use cURL in PHP
I remember that it had an option to automatically follow redirects. How can
I do this with urllib2?

For the headers, I did verify that it sent the headers as I had formed them
(just not in the right order) with wireshark. So my method does work, I also
got this method from here:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2.shtml#headers

On Fri, Oct 17, 2008 at 7:29 AM, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 11:40 PM, xbmuncher <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > I'm trying to mimic my firefox browser in requesting a webpage with
> python.
>
> > So I tried trusty ol' urllib2 to request it in python:
> > import urllib2
> >
> >
> > url = 'http://www.website.com'
> >
> > #headers
> > h = {
> > 'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:
> 1.9.0.3)
> 
> > }
> > #request page
> > reqObj = urllib2.Request(url, None, h)
> > urlObj = urllib2.urlopen(reqObj)
>
> It doesn't work to set the User-Agent header this way. See
> http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/kk/00010.html#e10request-headers
> for a recipe.
>
> > #read response
> > print urlObj.read()
>
> What content do you get? Is it an error message? What does wireshark
> show for this request?
>
> > Notice the content length is considerably smaller, and no cookies are
> sent
> > to me like they were in firefox. I know only a little about httpOnly
> > cookies, but that it is some kind of special cookie that I suppose has
> > something to do with python not being able to access it like firefox. All
> I
> > want to do is have python receive the same cookies that firefox did, how
> can
> > I do this? I read somewhere that httpOnly cookies were implemented in the
> > python cookie module:
> > http://glyphobet.net/blog/blurb/285
> > yet the other cookies aren't being sent either...
>
> I don't think that has anything to do with your problem. httpOnly is
> set by the server and interpreted by the browser. The Python change
> was to allow httpOnly to be set by servers written in Python.
>
> Kent
>
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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Alan Gauld]

"Arun Tomar" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote 


if i give the command for epydoc to generate the documentation it
gives the below mentioned errors:

epydoc helloworld/
 Error: Directory 'helloworld/' is not a package
 Error: Nothing left to document!


What happens if you don;t pass the trainiling slash:

epydoc helloworld

Alrternatively just make it a package by creating 
an init.py file as suggested by Marc


Alan G

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Re: [Tutor] retrieving httponly cookies on accessing webpage with urllib2

[Kent Johnson]

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 12:26 PM, xbmuncher <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Apparently, the right
> page was a redirection of the original page. When I used to use cURL in PHP
> I remember that it had an option to automatically follow redirects. How can
> I do this with urllib2?

urllib2 will follow HTTP redirects (30x status codes). It won't follow
redirects in  tags or JavaScript. The fetch_html() function here
will follow some  redirects:
http://code.google.com/p/blogmaker/source/browse/trunk/blogmaker/util/fetch.py

> For the headers, I did verify that it sent the headers as I had formed them
> (just not in the right order) with wireshark. So my method does work, I also
> got this method from here:
> http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2.shtml#headers

OK. I have definitely had trouble with that in the past but maybe it
is fixed now.

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] retrieving httponly cookies on accessing webpage with urllib2

[Kent Johnson]

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 1:32 PM, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> For the headers, I did verify that it sent the headers as I had formed them
>> (just not in the right order) with wireshark. So my method does work, I also
>> got this method from here:
>> http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/urllib2.shtml#headers
>
> OK. I have definitely had trouble with that in the past but maybe it
> is fixed now.

I guess I have been using urllib2 for a while, this bug was fixed in 2002 :-)
http://bugs.python.org/issue599836

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Arun Tomar]

hi!

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 10:42 PM, Alan Gauld <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> "Arun Tomar" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote
>>
>> if i give the command for epydoc to generate the documentation it
>> gives the below mentioned errors:
>>
>> epydoc helloworld/
>>  Error: Directory 'helloworld/' is not a package
>>  Error: Nothing left to document!
>
> What happens if you don;t pass the trainiling slash:
>
> epydoc helloworld

if i do not give a trailing slash, the output is like this
epydoc helloworld
+---
| In helloworld:
| No documentation available!
| Error: Import failed:
|ImportError: No module named helloworld
|
  Error: Nothing left to document!

>
> Alrternatively just make it a package by creating an init.py file as
> suggested by Marc
>
> Alan G

creating a __init__.py file does the trick but not completely.
 epydoc helloworld
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/setup.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: SystemExit: usage: (imported) [global_opts] cmd1
[cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
|   or: (imported) --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
|   or: (imported) --help-commands
|   or: (imported) cmd --help
|
|error: no commands supplied (line 30)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/websetup.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named config.environment (line 7)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/config/middleware.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named config.environment (line 13)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/config/environment.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named lib.app_globals (line 6)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/controllers/template.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named lib.base (line 1)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/controllers/error.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named lib.base (line 6)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/tests/__init__.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named config.middleware (line 33)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/tests/test_models.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named config.middleware (line 33)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/tests/functional/__init__.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named config.middleware (line 33)
|
+---
| In /tmp/helloworld/helloworld/lib/base.py:
| Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
| Error: ImportError: No module named lib.helpers (line 13)
|
Warning: No information available for
helloworld.helloworld.lib.base.BaseController's base
 pylons.controllers.WSGIController
Warning: 1 markup error was found while processing docstrings.  Use
the verbose switch (-v) to display markup errors.

this creates a directory with the documentation which is working but
as you can see there are some import errors.

regds,
arun
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Re: [Tutor] automatically generate python/pylons documentation

[Kent Johnson]

On Sat, Oct 18, 2008 at 10:52 PM, Arun Tomar <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> creating a __init__.py file does the trick but not completely.
>  epydoc helloworld
> +---
> | In /tmp/helloworld/setup.py:
> | Import failed (but source code parsing was successful).
> | Error: SystemExit: usage: (imported) [global_opts] cmd1
> [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
> |   or: (imported) --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
> |   or: (imported) --help-commands
> |   or: (imported) cmd --help
> |
> |error: no commands supplied (line 30)

By default epydoc imports all the modules it is documenting. This may
give errors, if the Python path is not set correctly for dependent
imports to work, and it may cause side effects, if the modules have
code that executes on import.

The --parse-only switch tells epydoc to forgo the import and just
parse the input.

Kent
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[Tutor] Creating a single .exe file without py2exe and pyinstaller

[Abah Joseph]

I have written a small application of about 40-45 lines which is about 4KB,
so I want to create a single .exe file from it, using py2exe it created
unnecessary files, that just increase the size of the program and also less
portable to me. What else can I use?
I am on windows XP.
Python 2.5
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