Re: [Tutor] Find and test a device by MAC address

[lumbricus]

Quick and dirty:
As root:
>>> from scapy import *
>>> arping("192.168.0.1/24") # or whatever fits to your network
and then filter the answers; or build your own arp packets with ARP().




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Re: [Tutor] how to know if a file exists

[Vikram Shenoy]

Hi,

import os

if os.path.exists('/path/to/file'):
# File exists
else:
# File doesn't exist

It works for files as well as directories.

Regards,
Vikram U Shenoy
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Re: [Tutor] Embedding strings in a python script

[Kent Johnson]

Tony Cappellini wrote:
> What I'd like to know, is there a way I can embed/endcode the cvs string 
> above in the python script, so that when that script is modified and 
> checked into cvs, that the cvs header string above will not be modified 
> by cvs?

Try using \x24 instead of $:

cvs_header='''
###
#
# \x24Header:\x24
#
# \x24Revision:\x24
# \x24Author:\x24
# \x24Date:\x24
#

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] how to know if a file exists

[Kent Johnson]

shawn bright wrote:
> hello there,
> i am writing an app for linux. what command would be easiest to test and 
> see if a certain file exist ?

os.path.exists() or os.path.isfile()

Kent

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[Tutor] Any Good book for python

[deepak shingan]

Hi Folks, 

I am new in Python area and want to know Python concepts with more deatils. 
Please suggest some good books on python.


Thanks in Advance
-Deepak

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[Tutor] Patches

[Øyvind]

Hello.

I need to access SMTP with SSL and found this patch:
https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=305470&aid=1567274&group_id=5470

But, I cannot find anything with Google or in the Python documentation
about how to apply a patch.

Ok, one slight modification. I did find something:

5.2   How do I apply a patch?

For the general case, to apply a patch go to the directory that the patch
was created from (usually /dist/src/) and run:

patch -p0 < name_of_the_patch.diff

The -p option specifies the number of directory separators ("/" in the
case of UNIX) to remove from the paths of the files in the patch. -p0
leaves the paths alone.

from http://www.python.org/dev/faq/#how-do-i-apply-a-patch

But, that didn't tell me anything. I am using Windows, and tried both to
enter that command in the CMD-window, as well as in the Python-IDLE. No
avail.

Is patch a program I have to download somewhere? Or can only patches be
used in Linux?

Thanks in advance.


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Re: [Tutor] Any Good book for python

[Arun Kumar PG]

"Python in a nutshell" is a good one. Also Python docs are the all time
favorite.

On 1/4/07, deepak shingan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


Hi Folks,

I am new in Python area and want to know Python concepts with more
deatils.
Please suggest some good books on python.


Thanks in Advance
-Deepak


  **




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Re: [Tutor] Any Good book for python

[Hiran Venugopalan]

"Byte of python" by Swaroop [swaroopch.info]  is a simple book for
starters,but never a alltime help book.If you are just a starter like me,you
can learn the ideas on python on looking to that and which will surely help
you to learn python in deep.
Its there at http://swaroopch.info/text/Byte_of_Python:Main_Page

Learning python is a standard "good"  book.Link
http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lpython2/




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Re: [Tutor] Patches

[Kent Johnson]

Øyvind wrote:
> Hello.
> 
> I need to access SMTP with SSL and found this patch:
> https://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=305470&aid=1567274&group_id=5470
> 
> But, I cannot find anything with Google or in the Python documentation
> about how to apply a patch.
> 
> Is patch a program I have to download somewhere? Or can only patches be
> used in Linux?

There is a patch program for windows here:
http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/patch.htm

The patch you reference modifies two files, a .tex file and a .py file. 
The .tex file is the source for the module documentation, you probably 
won't have that, so you may have to edit it out of the patch file.

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] how do i access object

[Ketan Maheshwari]

Hi
As suggested by Alan, I wrote a method getcenter as follows
***
def getcenter(self):
xy=self.canvas.coords(self.id)
xcenter=(xy[2]-xy[0])/2
ycenter=(xy[3]-xy[1])/2
return xcenter, ycenter
***
However, when I call this method from the instance of Circle class I get 
error:
call ...
print items[1].getcenter()
error ...
AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'getcenter'

What is happening here?

Thanks
ketan.

PS> full code follows ...

from Tkinter import *
import time
import random
class Circle:

def __init__(self, canvas, xy, ink, delta):
self.canvas = canvas
self.id = self.canvas.create_oval(
-15, -15,
15, 15,
fill=ink
)
   
self.canvas.move(self.id, xy[0], xy[1])
self.delta = delta
self.start = self.move
   
   
def __call__(self):
return self.start # get things going
def move(self):
rand=random.randint(1,4)
   
if rand==1:
xy = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
#print xy
if xy[2] >= self.canvas.winfo_width():
self.canvas.move(self.id,-self.delta,0)
self.canvas.move(self.id,self.delta,0)
elif rand==2:
xy = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if xy[0] <= 0:
self.canvas.move(self.id,self.delta,0)
self.canvas.move(self.id,-self.delta,0)
elif rand==3:
xy = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if xy[1] <= 0:
self.canvas.move(self.id,0,self.delta)
self.canvas.move(self.id,0,-self.delta)
else:
xy = self.canvas.coords(self.id)
if xy[3] >= self.canvas.winfo_height():
self.canvas.move(self.id,0,-self.delta)
self.canvas.move(self.id,0,self.delta)
return self.move
   
def getcenter(self):
xy=self.canvas.coords(self.id)
xcenter=(xy[2]-xy[0])/2
ycenter=(xy[3]-xy[1])/2
return xcenter, ycenter
   
   
root = Tk()
root.title("Circles")
root.resizable(0, 0)

frame = Frame(root, bd=5, relief=SUNKEN)
frame.pack()

canvas = Canvas(frame, width=200, height=200, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.pack()

items = [
Circle(canvas, (60, 70), "blue", 1),
Circle(canvas, (100, 120), "green", 1),
]

root.update() # fix geometry

# loop over items

try:
while 1:
for i in range(len(items)):
items[i] = items[i]()
root.update_idletasks() # redraw
root.update() # process events
print items[1].getcenter()
time.sleep(0.02)
except TclError:
pass # to avoid errors when the window is closed

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Re: [Tutor] Any Good book for python

[stv]

> I am new in Python area and want to know Python concepts with more deatils.
> Please suggest some good books on python.

Beginning Python, by Hetland is excellent for almost any level (I
think someone who has really mastered one language, and is currently
working as a programmer, can simply read Guido's tutorial & use the
online docs).

Hetland doesn't talk down to beginner, non-programmer types, nor does
he hide hard stuff; he makes it accessible. It also talks about how to
program in general, how to attack problems, test, have fun.It's well
indexed and organized, so it's a good reference for the noob, but as
yo gain experience with Python you will migrate to the on-line docs. I
have to say, however, that in the first weeks I used the book as a
reference more than I used the on-line docs.

Diving into Python, by Pilgrim has a lot of respect. It's available on-line
  http://diveintopython.org/index.html

It is a Python book for "experienced programmers." Which, I assume,
means experienced non-Python programmers.

I learn via immersion research & doing, I've read a lot of computer
books, and Hetland's is really quite good. I'll read Pilgrim's book in
the near future.

In general (with the notable exception of the Plone book) I've found
the Apress materials excellent. (Both books happen to be Apress, no
I'm not affiliated in any way).

--stv
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[Tutor] how to stop a thread

[shawn bright]

hello there all,

i have a python reference book that got me started knowing how to use
threads, i can declare one as a class, and start it like this

class SomeThread(threading.Thread):


run_process = SomeThread()
run_process.start()

but how do i kill it ? This part is not in my book. Basically the thread
works, and runs in a while loop. Is there a way to destroy the instance of
it after creation ?

thanks all

shawn
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Re: [Tutor] how to stop a thread

[Kent Johnson]

shawn bright wrote:
> hello there all,
> 
> i have a python reference book that got me started knowing how to use 
> threads, i can declare one as a class, and start it like this
> 
> class SomeThread(threading.Thread):
> 
> 
> run_process = SomeThread()
> run_process.start()
> 
> but how do i kill it ? This part is not in my book. Basically the thread 
> works, and runs in a while loop. Is there a way to destroy the instance 
> of it after creation ?

A thread dies when it's run() method exits, so you have to contrive a 
way to make run() exit. The usual way is to set a flag that the thread 
checks. Here is an example using a threading.Event as a flag:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/65448

Kent

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[Tutor] farey() often gives incorrect result

[Dick Moores]

farey() is at

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52317
Here's a script of mine that compares the results of farey() with
bestFracForMaxDenom(), from my frac.py (at
):
The maxDenom (the lim of farey()) is set at 100.
The dec, or decimal, or value, or v of farey(), is generated for each
case by random.uniform(0.1, 1).
==
#compareFracAndFarey.py
from __future__ import division
import random
def bestFracForMaxDenom(decimal, maxDenom):
    leastError = 1 
    for denom in xrange(1, maxDenom + 1):
    num = round(decimal *
denom)
    error = abs((num / denom -
decimal) / decimal)
    if error < leastError:
   
leastError = error
   
bestDenom = denom
   
bestNum = int(num)
    #
leastError is a float; should I have this if statement?
    if
leastError == 0:
   
break
    return bestNum, bestDenom, leastError
def farey(v, lim):
    '''Named after James Farey, an English surveyor.
    No error checking on args -- lim = max
denominator,
    results are (numerator, denominator), (1,0) is
infinity
    '''
    if v < 0:
    n,d = farey(-v, lim)
    return -n,d
    z = lim-lim # get 0 of right type for denominator
    lower, upper = (z,z+1), (z+1,z)
    #print lower, upper
    while True:
    mediant = (lower[0] +
upper[0]), (lower[1]+upper[1])
    if v * mediant[1] >
mediant[0]:
    if lim
< mediant[1]: 
   
return upper
    lower
= mediant
    elif v * mediant[1] ==
mediant[0]:
    if lim
>= mediant[1]: 
   
return mediant
    if
lower[1] < upper[1]: 
   
return lower
    return
upper
    else:
    if lim
< mediant[1]: 
   
return lower
    upper
= mediant
 
maxDenom = 100
count = 0
for x in range(10):
    dec = random.uniform(0.1, 1) 
    num1, denom1, leastError = bestFracForMaxDenom(dec,
maxDenom)
    num2, denom2 =  farey(dec, maxDenom)
    if (num1 != num2) or (denom1 != denom2):
    count += 1
    print "Case",
count
    print "When value
is", dec, "and lim is", maxDenom
    print "frac.py fraction
is %d/%d" % (num1, denom1)
    print "frac.py error
is", num1/denom1 - dec
    
    print "farey.py fraction
is %d/%d" % (num2, denom2)
    print "farey.py error
is", num2/denom2 - dec
    print 
=end of
compareFracAndFarey.py==
(compareFracAndFarey.py is also on the web, at
)

Here's the result of one run, that notes the 3 of 10 pairs of results in
which the farey() fraction is different from the bestFracForMaxDenom()
fraction. Of course, I believe that the bestFracForMaxDenom() fractions
are correct, but check them out for yourselves.
Case 1
When value is 0.834489320423 and lim is 100
frac.py fraction is 81/97
frac.py error is 0.000562225968725
farey.py fraction is 5/6
farey.py error is -0.00115598708969
Case 2
When value is 0.584115140346 and lim is 100
frac.py fraction is 52/89
frac.py error is 0.000154522575557
farey.py fraction is 7/12
farey.py error is -0.000781807012458
Case 3
When value is 0.946959063604 and lim is 100
frac.py fraction is 89/94
frac.py error is -0.000150552966002
farey.py fraction is 18/19
farey.py error is 0.000409357448332
Dick Moores





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[Tutor] Testing the status of NFS mounts

[Andrew Robert]

Hi everyone,

We have several NFS mounts that are in use.

Occasionally, the NFS mounts seem to go out to lunch.

The mounts appear active but are no longer functional.

Is there a Python module specific to NFS that I might use to periodically
check its status?

I imagine I could make a script to attempt a write on the share and clean up
after itself but I am hoping for a more elegant solution.

Any insight anyone can provide on this would be greatly  appreciated.

--
Thank you,
Andrew Robert

Senior MQ Engineer
Information Technologies
Massachussetts Financial Services
Phone: 617-954-5882
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Re: [Tutor] how to stop a thread

[shawn bright]

i can do that, will use my config file,
thanks much
and thanks for the link.


shawn

On 1/4/07, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


shawn bright wrote:
> hello there all,
>
> i have a python reference book that got me started knowing how to use
> threads, i can declare one as a class, and start it like this
>
> class SomeThread(threading.Thread):
>
>
> run_process = SomeThread()
> run_process.start()
>
> but how do i kill it ? This part is not in my book. Basically the thread
> works, and runs in a while loop. Is there a way to destroy the instance
> of it after creation ?

A thread dies when it's run() method exits, so you have to contrive a
way to make run() exit. The usual way is to set a flag that the thread
checks. Here is an example using a threading.Event as a flag:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/65448

Kent


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Re: [Tutor] Testing the status of NFS mounts

[Kent Johnson]

Andrew Robert wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> We have several NFS mounts that are in use.
> 
> Occasionally, the NFS mounts seem to go out to lunch.
> 
> The mounts appear active but are no longer functional.
> 
> Is there a Python module specific to NFS that I might use to 
> periodically check its status?
> 
> I imagine I could make a script to attempt a write on the share and 
> clean up after itself but I am hoping for a more elegant solution.
> 
> Any insight anyone can provide on this would be greatly  appreciated.

If the share is mounted on the test machine, seems to me a simple 
os.path.isdir() might do the trick. Otherwise, a quick 
Google turns up
http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/nfsv4/pynfs/

HTH
Kent

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[Tutor] python web dev

[OkaMthembo]

hi pythonistas!

this is my first post. please could you tell me which is the best
lightweight python web framework? also, which is the best templating
language for python? (which can handle other data formats in addition to
text). so far im lured by Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev with
python yet.

i absolutely love python syntax, but web dev in python is murky water. it
seems unneccesarily hard, even compared to php and asp.net

thanks,

Shortash
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Re: [Tutor] Need help with rewriting script to use Decimal module

[Terry Carroll]

On Wed, 3 Jan 2007, Dick Moores wrote:

> Terry, I just noticed that farey(0.36, 10) returns (1, 3), a pretty 
> big miss, IMO. The correct fraction with smallest error and maximum 
> denominator of 10 is 3/8, which I'm proud to say my klunky frac.py 
> () produces.

Dick, good catch.  Consider adding a comment to the Cookbook page pointing
out that the method sometimes does not produce the incorrect answer, 
including for that input.

I note that the web page for the recipe says only that its produces "a 
rational," not necessarily the closest rational, but the description in 
the book says it's the closest:

  You have a number v (of almost any type) and need to find a rational
  number (in reduced form) that is as close to v as possible but with a 
  denominator no larger than a prescribed value. (Recipe 18.13)


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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Simon Brunning]

On 1/4/07, OkaMthembo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> this is my first post.

Welcome!

> please could you tell me which is the best
> lightweight python web framework?

Best? That's a potentially contensious one. But I can tell you that if
you were to look at either Django or TurboGears you wouldn't be going
too far wrong. (I use Django, but I know that both are good.)

> also, which is the best templating
> language for python? (which can handle other data formats in addition to
> text). so far im lured by Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev with
> python yet.

Cheetah's good, but if you go with Django, it has its own which is
pretty good too. (I use both at times.)

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/
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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Mike Hansen]

 

> -Original Message-
> From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On 
> Behalf Of OkaMthembo
> Sent: Thursday, January 04, 2007 9:12 AM
> To: tutor@python.org
> Subject: [Tutor] python web dev
> 
> hi pythonistas!
> 
> this is my first post. please could you tell me which is the 
> best lightweight python web framework? also, which is the 
> best templating language for python? (which can handle other 
> data formats in addition to text). so far im lured by 
> Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev with python yet. 
> 
> i absolutely love python syntax, but web dev in python is 
> murky water. it seems unneccesarily hard, even compared to 
> php and asp.net
> 
> thanks,
> 
> Shortash

I'm using Cheetah on a current project. I really like it. I like that
you can compile the template and then use it as a module to populate it.

I want to check out Django next.

Mike
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prohibited.

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Re: [Tutor] SPE - Stani's Python Editor ?

[Mike Hansen]

 

> -Original Message-
> From: OkaMthembo [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
> Sent: Thursday, January 04, 2007 9:18 AM
> To: Mike Hansen
> Subject: Re: [Tutor] SPE - Stani's Python Editor ?
> 
> have you tried Komodo from ActiveState or Wingware? might be 
> great, comeercial though.
> 
> 

I convinced my company to purchase Komodo. I use it off an on. I mostly
gravitate toward VIM. I'm looking forward to the next version of Komodo
since it will have vi keybindings. The nice thing about Komodo is that
you can use it for other languages like Perl and Ruby where I believe
that Wingware is Python only.

Mike
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entity.

  Its contents may be privileged, confidential, and exempt from disclosure 
under the law.
  Any dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is strictly 
prohibited.

  Please notify the sender immediately if you are not the intended recipient.

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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Christopher Arndt]

Simon Brunning schrieb:
> On 1/4/07, OkaMthembo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> also, which is the best templating
>> language for python? (which can handle other data formats in addition to
>> text). so far im lured by Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev with
>> python yet.
> 
> Cheetah's good, but if you go with Django, it has its own which is
> pretty good too. (I use both at times.)

There is now also Jinja [1], which is similar to the template language Django
uses, but can be used stand-alone. I haven't used it yet, but judging from the
docs it looks very promising.

I use Cheetah a lot, but I must say that it has a few quirks/bugs when used in
its standard configuration, and development could be a little faster. But I
much prefer it to XML-based template languages like Kid [2] or Genshi [3] 
though.

You can use both Cheetah and Jinja with TurboGears [4], though the coolest part
of TG, the widget system, currently only works well with Kid (but this is about
to change soon).

HTH, Chris

[1] http://wsgiarea.pocoo.org/jinja/
[2] http://www.kid-templating.org/
[3] http://genshi.edgewall.org/
[4] http://turbogears.org/
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Re: [Tutor] Need help with rewriting script to use Decimal module

[Dick Moores]

At 08:20 AM 1/4/2007, Terry Carroll wrote:
>On Wed, 3 Jan 2007, Dick Moores wrote:
>
> > Terry, I just noticed that farey(0.36, 10) returns (1, 3), a pretty
> > big miss, IMO. The correct fraction with smallest error and maximum
> > denominator of 10 is 3/8, which I'm proud to say my klunky frac.py
> > () produces.
>
>Dick, good catch.  Consider adding a comment to the Cookbook page pointing
>out that the method sometimes does not produce the incorrect answer,
>including for that input.

Done.

Dick



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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Christopher Arndt]

OkaMthembo schrieb:
> this is my first post. please could you tell me which is the best
> lightweight python web framework?

"Web framework" and "lightweight" don't really go well together. There are so
many things about web programming that you don't realise you need when you
start, but *will* come across eventually that a framework that addresses all
these, will not be lightweight any more.

If you are referring to the learning curve, Django is probably better suited
then TurboGears. If you have strong opinions about how certain things should be
solved, I'd go with TurboGears, because it's parts are not so tightly coupled
as Django's and can be replaced more easily.

The usual advice is: go through the tutorials that are available on the
homepages of both projects and then decide for your self. If the tutorials seem
to confusing, do a general (advanced) Python tutorial first.

I can't say much about other Python web frameworks, unfortunately.

> i absolutely love python syntax, but web dev in python is murky water.
> it seems unneccesarily hard, even compared to php and asp.net
> 

Web development requires that you know about a lot of things. PHP just leaves
you to discover most of these (and build solutions for them) on your own. Which
is why so many PHP programs are crap ;-)

Chris
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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Noufal Ibrahim]

OkaMthembo wrote:
> hi pythonistas!
> 
> this is my first post. please could you tell me which is the best
> lightweight python web framework? also, which is the best templating
> language for python? (which can handle other data formats in addition to
> text). so far im lured by Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev
> with python yet.

I use clearsilver for templating and like it quite a bit.
I've tried Turbogears and kid (which comes with it is very nice too).

-- 
~noufal
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Re: [Tutor] python web dev

[Kent Johnson]

OkaMthembo wrote:
> hi pythonistas!
> 
> this is my first post. please could you tell me which is the best 
> lightweight python web framework? also, which is the best templating 
> language for python? (which can handle other data formats in addition to 
> text). so far im lured by Cheetah, although i havent done any web dev 
> with python yet.

What do you mean by lightweight? In addition to Django and TurboGears, 
which seem to be the current front-runners, you might want to look at 
web.py and Karrigell which might be considered more lightweight.

Kent

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[Tutor] Assigning a variable stored in a dictionary

[Tony Cappellini]

I can't see the forest through the trees.

I have stored 3 global variables in a dictionary, and associated each
variable with a filename.
Ideally, I want to read the contents of the text files, and store the
contents in the global variables. The globals will be used by another
function.
However, when I do the assignment to varname = fh.readlines(), a new
variable is created, and the reference to the global variable is
overwritten, because the contents of the files are strings, and strings are
immutable.

I see the problem, but not a good solution.


var1=""
var2=""
var3=""

def initGlobals():

   global var1, var2, var3

   fileDict = {'var1.txt':var1, 'var2.txt':var2, 'var3.txt':var3}

   for fn, varname in fileDict.iteritems():
   try:
   try:
   fh=open(fn, 'r')
   #id(varname) # at this point, this id matches the id of the
global variable
   varname = fh.readlines() # this creates a new variable, but
I want to store the file contents in the global var
   #id(varname)  # this is a new id, the global
var is not updated
   fh.close()
   except IOError:
   print "\nFATAL ERROR occurred reading %s\n" % fn
   finally:
   fh.close()
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Re: [Tutor] Assigning a variable stored in a dictionary

[Kent Johnson]

Tony Cappellini wrote:
> 
> I can't see the forest through the trees.
> 
> I have stored 3 global variables in a dictionary, and associated each 
> variable with a filename.
> Ideally, I want to read the contents of the text files, and store the 
> contents in the global variables. The globals will be used by another 
> function.
> However, when I do the assignment to varname = fh.readlines(), a new 
> variable is created, and the reference to the global variable is 
> overwritten, because the contents of the files are strings, and strings 
> are immutable.
> 
> I see the problem, but not a good solution.
> 
> 
> var1=""
> var2=""
> var3=""
> 
> def initGlobals():
>   
> global var1, var2, var3
> 
> fileDict = {'var1.txt ':var1, 'var2.txt':var2, 'var3.txt':var3}
> 
> for fn, varname in fileDict.iteritems():
> try:
> try:
> fh=open(fn, 'r')
> #id(varname) # at this point, this id matches the id of 
> the global variable
> varname = fh.readlines() # this creates a new variable, 
> but I want to store the file contents in the global var
> #id(varname)  # this is a new id, the 
> global var is not updated
> fh.close()
> except IOError:
> print "\nFATAL ERROR occurred reading %s\n" % fn
> finally:
> fh.close()

You have a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of variables and 
names in Python. This may help:
http://effbot.org/zone/python-objects.htm

Python variables are *not* containers for values, they are references to 
values. They are names for values. Some people like to think of a Python 
name as a sticky note that gets put on the value, giving it a name. I 
like to think of a name as pointing to a value.

The values of your fileDict are just references to the empty string, 
they don't have any association at all with the global variables you 
want to change; they just happen to have the same value.

The easiest solution is to just use the dict to store the file names and 
data, forget about the global variables:

fileData = {}
for name in 'var1.txt', 'var2.txt', 'var3.txt':
f = open(name)
fileData[name] = f.readlines()
f.close()

At this point you have a dict whose keys are the three file names and 
whose associated values are the contents of the files.

Kent

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[Tutor] coin toss program without using the for/range loop

[David]

How to write the coin toss program without using the for/range loop program.

Program flips a coin 100 times and then tells you the number of heads and
tails.

 

I can only solve it using the for/range loop

 

Import random

  Heads=0

  For 1 in range (100):

  Heads+=random.randrange(2)

 

print "Hit heads"+" "+str(heads)+" "+"times"+" " + "hit tails" + "
"+str(100-heads)+" " + "times"

 

I don't see how you solve this program just using the while loop program and
if/else statement.

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Re: [Tutor] coin toss program without using the for/range loop

[Kent Johnson]

David wrote:
> How to write the coin toss program without using the for/range loop program.
> 
> Program flips a coin 100 times and then tells you the number of heads 
> and tails.
> 
>  
> 
> I can only solve it using the for/range loop
> 
>  
> 
> Import random
> 
>   Heads=0
> 
>   For 1 in range (100):
> 
>   Heads+=random.randrange(2)
> 
>  
> 
> print “Hit heads”+” “+str(heads)+” “+”times”+” “ + “hit tails” + “ 
> “+str(100-heads)+” “ + “times”
> 
>  
> 
> I don’t see how you solve this program just using the while loop program 
> and if/else statement.

This sounds a lot like homework so I won't give you the whole answer, 
but you can write a for loop using while and a counter variable.

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] coin toss program without using the for/range loop

[Luke Paireepinart]

Kent Johnson wrote:
> David wrote:
>   
>> How to write the coin toss program without using the for/range loop program.
>>
>> Program flips a coin 100 times and then tells you the number of heads 
>> and tails.
>>
>>  
>>
>> I can only solve it using the for/range loop
>>
>>  
>>
>> Import random
>>
>>   Heads=0
>>
>>   For 1 in range (100):
>>
>>   Heads+=random.randrange(2)
>>
>>  
>>
>> print “Hit heads”+” “+str(heads)+” “+”times”+” “ + “hit tails” + “ 
>> “+str(100-heads)+” “ + “times”
>>
>>  
>>
>> I don’t see how you solve this program just using the while loop program 
>> and if/else statement.
>> 
>
> This sounds a lot like homework so I won't give you the whole answer, 
> but you can write a for loop using while and a counter variable.
>
>   
In fact, in most languages a for loop and a while loop are very similar:

for(int i =0; i < 100; i++)
{
//do something
}
is the same as
int i = 0
while (i < 100)
{
// do something
i++;
}

The difference in Python comes from the fact that the 'for' loop 
iterates over a list of objects,
rather than incrementing a variable.
If you're using a for-range loop in Python you're using it in the 
old-style that C and C++ programs use (other languages too)
in which case you could easily use a while loop as well.
But if you're indexing into a specific list,
it becomes much more clear why we use python's 'for',
to index directly into that list without having to deal with an index 
variable.

for x in some_list:
// do something with x

rather than

index = 0
while index < len(some_list):
x = some_list[index]
// do something with x
index += 1

HTH,
-Luke
> Kent
>
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>   

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Re: [Tutor] coin toss program without using the for/range loop

[Christopher Arndt]

Kent Johnson schrieb:
> David wrote:
>> print “Hit heads”+” “+str(heads)+” “+”times”+” “ + “hit tails” + “ 
>> “+str(100-heads)+” “ + “times”
> 
> This sounds a lot like homework [...]

An if you want to get extra marks for pythonicity  ;-), read about string
formatting here:

http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/typesseq-strings.html

Chris
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Re: [Tutor] Question regarding parsing HTML with BeautifulSoup

[Shuai Jiang (Runiteking1)]

Hi,

Wow, thats much more elegant than the idea I thought of.

Thank you very much Kent!

Marshall

On 1/3/07, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


Shuai Jiang (Runiteking1) wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I'm working on a program that need to parse a financial document on the
> internet
> using BeautifulSoup. Because of the nature of the information, it is all
> grouped
> as a table. I needed to get 3 types of info and have succeeded quite
> well using
> BeautifulSoup, but encountered problems on the third one.
>
> My question is that is there any easy way to parse an HTML tables column
> easily using BeautifulSoup. I copied the table here and I need to
> extract the EPS. The numbers are
> every sixth one from the   tag ex 2.27, 1.86, 1.61...

Here is one way, found with a little experimenting at the command prompt:

In [1]: data = '''

...: '''
In [3]: from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as BS

In [4]: soup=BS(data)

In [11]: for tr in soup.table.findAll('tr'):
: print tr.contents[11].string
:
:
EPS
2.27
  1.86
1.61
  1.27
1.18
  0.84
0.73
  0.46
0.2
  0.0

Kent






--
I like pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as
equals.
   Sir Winston Churchill
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Re: [Tutor] SPE - Stani's Python Editor ?

[Shanmuhanathan T]

I found eclipse+pydev to be as good as/better than komodo or wingware.
also eclipse has other plugins which makes it a powerful IDEs for
php/ruby/perl etc.

Regards,
Shanmu.

On 1/4/07, Mike Hansen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:




> -Original Message-
> From: OkaMthembo [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> Sent: Thursday, January 04, 2007 9:18 AM
> To: Mike Hansen
> Subject: Re: [Tutor] SPE - Stani's Python Editor ?
>
> have you tried Komodo from ActiveState or Wingware? might be
> great, comeercial though.
>
>

I convinced my company to purchase Komodo. I use it off an on. I mostly
gravitate toward VIM. I'm looking forward to the next version of Komodo
since it will have vi keybindings. The nice thing about Komodo is that
you can use it for other languages like Perl and Ruby where I believe
that Wingware is Python only.

Mike


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Re: [Tutor] Need help with rewriting script to use Decimal module

[Terry Carroll]

On Wed, 3 Jan 2007, Dick Moores wrote:

> Be that as it may, farey() is an amazing program. 

Not to beat this subject to death, but the comment at the bottom of 
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52317 about 
continued fractions piqued my interest.  I'm no mathematician, but I 
encountered continued fractions a long time ago and was fascinated by 
them.  So I read the URL pointed to, 
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ContinuedFraction.html , and came up with the 
following:

#

def cf(x, tol=0.0001, Trace=False):
"""
Calculate rational approximation of x to within tolerance of tol;
returns a tuple consisting of numerator and denominator p/q
Trace=True causes iterated results to be shown
"""
a, r, p, q = [], [], [], []
Done = False
n = 0
if Trace: print "x:%f tol:%f" % (x, tol)
while not Done:
a.append(None)
r.append(None)
p.append(None)
q.append(None)
if n == 0: r[n] = x
else: r[n] = 1/(r[n-1]-a[n-1])
a[n] = int(r[n])
if n == 0:
p[n] = a[0]
q[n] = 1
elif n ==1:
p[n] = a[n]*p[n-1] + 1
q[n] = a[n]
else:
p[n] = a[n]*p[n-1] + p[n-2]
q[n] = a[n]*q[n-1] + q[n-2]
if Trace:
print "n:%d a:%d p:%d q:%d approx:%f" % \
  (n, a[n], p[n], q[n], float(p[n])/q[n])
if abs(float(p[n])/q[n] - x) < tol:
Done = True
num = p[n]; denom = q[n]
n += 1
return (num, denom)

#

Here's a result for pi:

>>> print cf(3.14159265357989,0.001, Trace=True)
x:3.141593 tol:0.00
n:0 a:3 p:3 q:1 approx:3.00
n:1 a:7 p:22 q:7 approx:3.142857
n:2 a:15 p:333 q:106 approx:3.141509
n:3 a:1 p:355 q:113 approx:3.141593
n:4 a:292 p:103993 q:33102 approx:3.141593
(103993, 33102)

i.e., the first 5 approximations it came up with were 3/1, 22/7, 333/106, 
355/113 and a whopping 103993/33102.

For the 0.36 example you used earlier:

>>> print cf(0.36, .01, Trace= True)
x:0.36 tol:0.01
n:0 a:0 p:0 q:1 approx:0.00
n:1 a:2 p:1 q:2 approx:0.50
n:2 a:1 p:1 q:3 approx:0.33
n:3 a:3 p:4 q:11 approx:0.363636
(4, 11)
>>>

it went right from 1/3 to 4/11 (0.363636), skipping the 3/8 (0.375) option 
from the farey series.  

But this continued fraction algorithm is ill-suited to answer the question
"what's the closest fraction with a denominator < N", because it doesn't
try to find that, it jumps further ahead with each iteration.

Anyway, I thought you might find it interesting based on our discussion.

(Yeah, I know, I didn't choose the formats well on those print 
statements.)

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