Re: [Tutor] PLC communication with python?
Jeff Peery wrote: > Hello, I would like to write a python script that communicates with a > PLC (programmable logic controller) as well as instruments like calipers > and things. I'm completely in the dark here and not sure where to start > reading and learning. could someone point me in the right direction for > learning this stuff? thanks! How does the equipment connect to the computer? If it connects to the serial port then try pyserial: http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/ If it connects to the parallel port there is http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html or for Windows there is winioport: http://www.geocities.com/dinceraydin/python/indexeng.html So the first step is to find out what kind(s) of interface you are using, and collect software that allows Python to talk to that interface. Then try some really simple tests - reading a single value or setting a simple setting on the instrument. From there you can build a library of functions that do interesting things and build your programs on that. Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how to write a string into a specific line in a file
On Tue, Mar 07, 2006 at 11:18:27AM -, Alan Gauld wrote: > > I was wondering if it is possible to write a string to a specific line > > in a file without reading in the whole file in as the below. > > Some languages, such as COBOL and some BASICs etc support > random access files, unfortunately Python doesn't (Although I'll be > amazed if somebody hasn't cooked up (or is cooking up) a module > that does it) You then go on to mention file.seek(). I thought that seek() provided "random access", ie. to seek to anywhere at random in a file. Can you clarify what you mean by "random access files"? Regards Andrew ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] how does this list comprehension work?
I copied this program from Learning Python and got it to work on Windows XP: import sys, glob print sys.argv[1:] sys.argv = [item for arg in sys.argv for item in glob.glob(arg)] print sys.argv[1:] What the program does is first print the glob and then a list of everything caught by the glob. For example: ['*.py'] ['showglob.py'] The key to the script is the list comprehension, which I am having trouble dissecting. How do I go about trying to figure out how it works? "I'm the last person to pretend that I'm a radio. I'd rather go out and be a color television set." -David Bowie "Who dares wins" -British military motto "I generally know what I'm doing." -Buster Keaton ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how does this list comprehension work?
Christopher Spears wrote: > I copied this program from Learning Python and got it > to work on Windows XP: > > import sys, glob > print sys.argv[1:] > sys.argv = [item for arg in sys.argv for item in > glob.glob(arg)] > print sys.argv[1:] > > What the program does is first print the glob and then > a list of everything caught by the glob. For example: > > ['*.py'] > ['showglob.py'] > > The key to the script is the list comprehension, which > I am having trouble dissecting. How do I go about > trying to figure out how it works? A list comprehension is a shortcut for a series of one or more nested for loops and if statements with a list append in the middle of it. The list comp pulls the value to be appended out of the loops but otherwise the order is not affected. Looking at [item for arg in sys.argv for item in glob.glob(arg)] item is the thing that will be appended to the list. The nested for loops are for arg in sys.argv: for item in glob.glob(arg): If you initialize a list outside the loop, and append to it inside the loop, you have the equivalent loops: vals = [] for arg in sys.argv: for item in glob.glob(arg): vals.append(item) Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how does this list comprehension work?
On Wed, 8 Mar 2006, Christopher Spears wrote: > I copied this program from Learning Python and got it to work on Windows > XP: > > import sys, glob > print sys.argv[1:] > sys.argv = [item for arg in sys.argv for item in > glob.glob(arg)] > print sys.argv[1:] > > The key to the script is the list comprehension, which I am having > trouble dissecting. How do I go about trying to figure out how it > works? Hi Chris, Hmmm. Let me stare at it again. > sys.argv = [item for arg in sys.argv for item in > glob.glob(arg)] ... Yikes. to tell the truth, I can't read this either. But it might help if we translated it as this: ## expandedArguments = [] for arg in sys.argv: for item in glob.glob(arg): expandedArguments.append(item) ## Does this code make more sense? But I'm not so sure myself that list comprehensions are so good when they get so deeply nested; the nested structure is deceptively obscured in the flatness of that list comprehension. I would have just written the code above instead. Actually, I'd write a function to capture that abstraction of a mapping and appending function. Let's call it "mappend()": ## def mappend(f, L): """mappend applies f to each elements in L, and assumes that f returns a list. It collects those results in a single flattened list.""" results = [] for x in L: results.extend(f(x)) return results ## (The function name is common to folks who've done Lispy kinds of coding.) And we can see this mappend() function in action: ## >>> import glob >>> mappend(glob.glob, ['*.txt', '*.doc']) ['sequences.txt', 'foo.txt', 'pub2ara-pipeline_20060216.doc', 'Admission Conditions.doc', 'PhD Offer.doc'] ## If you have more questions, please feel free to ask. Good luck! ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] how to write a string into a specific line in a file
On Wed, 8 Mar 2006, andrew clarke wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 07, 2006 at 11:18:27AM -, Alan Gauld wrote:
>
> > > I was wondering if it is possible to write a string to a specific line
> > > in a file without reading in the whole file in as the below.
> >
> > Some languages, such as COBOL and some BASICs etc support
> > random access files, unfortunately Python doesn't (Although I'll be
> > amazed if somebody hasn't cooked up (or is cooking up) a module
> > that does it)
>
> You then go on to mention file.seek(). I thought that seek() provided
> "random access", ie. to seek to anywhere at random in a file. Can you
> clarify what you mean by "random access files"?
Hi Andrew,
I think Alan's referring to be able to go to any arbitrary line in a file
or insert arbitrary lines in a file in those other languages.
The Python core language gives us random access to a file's byte content
by using seek(), but we can't do arbitrary insertion without pushing all
the other bytes to the right.
If it helps, imagine a list that doesn't allow for insert(), but does
allow for appends().
L = ['a', 'c', 'd']
If we wanted to get a 'b' into there in the right place, we could go about
it this way:
L.append('b')## ['a', 'c', 'd', 'b']
L[2], L[3] = L[3], L[2] ## ['a', 'c', 'b', 'd']
L[1], L[2] = L[2], L[1] ## ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
That is, we bubble the 'b' down. Or looking at it another way, we push
and shove everything to the right of our insertion point to make room for
the insertion.
This impovershed interface is pretty much what we have with files. We're
allowed to seek(), read(), and write(), but we're not given insert() as a
primitive operation, because that's not an operation that's easy to do
with files directly. It's doable, but it's painful and expensive.
That's why programs that have to do things like insertion or deletion on a
text file will load the file's contents into a list, work on the list, and
then spit that list back into the file. It's just easier and faster to use
a list as our intermediary.
I hope this helps!
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Re: [Tutor] how to write a string into a specific line in a file
>> Some languages, such as COBOL and some BASICs etc support >> random access files, unfortunately Python doesn't > You then go on to mention file.seek(). I thought that seek() provided > "random access", ie. to seek to anywhere at random in a file. Can you > clarify what you mean by "random access files"? Sure. The languages I'm describing provide the ability to deftine a data record and associate that with a file. The file is declared to be of random access type and this automatically associates an index file with it. The programmer can then go to specific lines directly, read fields out of the line, write new lines directly to the file, delete lines out of the file etc. More or less treating the file as if it were a python list of tuples. The nearest in Python is probably shelve but with the disadvantage that you can only search on the key rather than on any field in the record. To see some examples in MALLARD Basic (one of the ones that I have used in the past - on CP/M!) look here: http://www.fvempel.nl/basic.html (Its got German(or Dutch mebbe given the .nl?) variables and comments but the keywords are in English!) Essentially it is possible to create a Python module to do the same, you just need the index file to hold the byte position for every field of every record. Inserting lines into the middle is actually done by appending and just adding a new index entry. Deletions are done by blanking the file and index entries (maintaining the byte count) Usually a housekeeping routine will tidy things up when the files are closed. Could be an interesting excercise. It could even be based on the bsd database stuff as a starter. The main reason its not popular now is simply that with massive RAM its usually faster and easier to just read the data into memory. If its bigger than that a fuill blown database is a faster option - although several RDBMS are built with ISAM underneath PS. For the really curious you can still buy a commercial version of Mallard BASIC from its creators Locomotive Software. I'm not clear whether it is CP/M only or whether they now have a PC version. But there are PC CP/M emulators! More info from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallard_BASIC And for a more coherent explanation of ISAM file access thee is also this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAM Ah! 1984 business computing: BASIC, CP/M, 128K RAM,180K floppies and graphics free text screens... Happy days! :-) HTH, Bet you wish you never asked! :-) Alan G Author of the learn to program web tutor http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] PLC communication with python?
> If it connects to the parallel port there is > http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html > > or for Windows there is winioport: > http://www.geocities.com/dinceraydin/python/indexeng.html Ooh. I didn't know about these. Thanks for the pointers Kent. Alan G. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] PLC communication with python?
> Hello, I would like to write a python script that communicates with > a PLC (programmable logic controller) Assuming your PLC is on a development board on a PC then it might be possible using the serial module interface. Otherwise you probably need to wrap the C API into a Python API using something like SWIG. But thats not a task for the faint harted, especially if you are a novice. If you know a little C then its worth invetigating. > as well as instruments like calipers and things. That will require an interface board and again probably wrapping the API as python using SWIG. You might be able to use serial access or ioctl but it will depend on the interface board and the protocol in use (HPIB for example is probably viable) HTH, Alan G Author of the learn to program web tutor http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] How to monitor streaming data from the internet via modem?
Say I want to monitor the data that comes through my modem when I'm running a trading platform (like for stocks) so I can send an alert when a certain condition has been met like the price of a stock. If the trading program is in java or perl, can I just tap into the raw data that trading program is recieving through the modem without interfering with the trading program's own information stream? -Jack ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Tutor Digest, Vol 25, Issue 18
I need help to connect to db on Linux machine.
When I do it manually -all right, try to execute script does not work.
My script is simple:
---
def Connect3():
#arg=os.system('sql.py --prompt qa2:adsdb
inbl27,inbl27,inbl27:root:adsgoogle:qa2ads0,qa2ads1')
arg=os.popen('sql.py --prompt qa2:adsdb
inbl27,inbl27,inbl27:root:adsgoogle:qa2ads0,qa2ads1')
Connect3()
-
Thanks in advance,
Vic
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf
Of [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, March 07, 2006 3:00 AM
To: tutor@python.org
Subject: Tutor Digest, Vol 25, Issue 18
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When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than
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Today's Topics:
1. Re: search and replace (Danny Yoo)
2. Re: search and replace (Alan Gauld)
3. Re: Functions and random buttons (Alan Gauld)
4. Re: [OT] Shells (Alan Gauld)
5. how to write a string into a specific line in a file (tak)
6. Re: how to write a string into a specific line in a file (tak)
--
Message: 1
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2006 00:13:07 -0800 (PST)
From: Danny Yoo <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Tutor] search and replace
To: tak <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: tutor@python.org
Message-ID:
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
> I have a problem finding specific words.
> I would like to filter out a word or replace it in a file.
> I notices that the re module is good for finding patterns.
Hi Tak,
Although regular expressions might be overkill for this problem, it can't
hurt to know about the Regex HOWTO:
http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/regex/
Note that strings can already do simple replacement:
##
>>> 'this is a test hi world'.replace('hi', 'hello')
'thellos is a test hello world'
##
As this example shows, we need to be a bit careful with it.
Regexes allow us to do a slightly smarter, word boundary-specific
substitution:
##
>>> import re
>>> re.sub(r'\bhi\b', 'hello', 'this is a test hi world')
'this is a test hello world'
##
The Regex HOWTO link above is a tutorial on how to use the module
effectively. If you have questions, please feel free to bring them up.
Good luck!
--
Message: 2
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2006 09:33:03 -
From: "Alan Gauld" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Tutor] search and replace
To: "tak" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Hi tak,
> hello, Othello. # just the hello and not Othello
One simplistic approach that does not use regex is to search for spaces as
part of the string. But that doesn't work for punctuation nor at the start
or end of lines.
So that leaves us, as you observed, with regular expressions.
regex allows us to specify certain conditions in the patterns such as
whether the characters are digits etc, and also whether we are kooking for a
word which is wat you want.
Specifically \W signifies a word boundary so
\Whello\W
will find hello as a word.
Take a look at my tutorial topic on regex for more detail, or go to the
excellent regex How-To linked from the Python site.
Alan G
Author of the learn to program web tutor
http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld
--
Message: 3
Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2006 09:42:00 -
From: "Alan Gauld" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: [Tutor] Functions and random buttons
To: "Simon Stoltze" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Simon,
> ...I want to make each button clickable
The buttons are clickable so I'm not absolutely sure what you mean?
Do you mean you want to add some action to them when they are clicked?
Thats done with the command option in Tkinter.
define a function and assign it to the button.
In this case it will likely be the same function for all buttons so you
might want to do a wee bit of trickery like:
def func(x,y):#x,y the button coords
# do something here
for i in range(length):
for j in range(length):
self.dict['%s%s' % (i, j)] = Button(sel.frame, text = '
'
command = lambda
x=i,y=j: func(x,y))
That uses the default values of the lambda function to pass the coords of
the button being pressed to your generic function. func can then use those
coord
[Tutor] module imports
i have a module called foo.py foo.py imports random kp.py imports foo.py ... but in kp.py i also need to use stuff from random... so kp.py also imports random but i prolly shouldn't do that right? Cause now, haven't i needlessly copied the same names/attributes/methods/functions to 2 namespaces... I get very confused about imports... and accessing names from other spaces and such... and efficiency. i have 2 or more modules all of which need to access a given function or method, what is the best way to do that. i am so cornfused ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] How to monitor streaming data from the internet via modem?
> If the trading program is in java or perl, can I just tap into the raw > data that trading program is recieving through the modem without > interfering with the trading program's own information stream? Assuming it turns into IP data at some satage then you can get several programs - some are even free! - that will sniff IP packets and either log them to a file or display them on a screen. This can run in background with only slight impact on performance. So you can use Popen to capture the output and analyze it. Search for 'packet sniffer' on Google. Ethereal is one well known and powerful one, but there are others which may be simpler to use. Here is one web site that lists a few: http://netsecurity.about.com/cs/hackertools/a/aafreepacsniff.htm Alan G Author of the learn to program web tutor http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Connecting to DB
Please use meangingful subject lines. I've changed this one.
>I need help to connect to db on Linux machine.
> When I do it manually -all right, try to execute script does not work.
I'm not quite sure what you expect here but...
> My script is simple:
> ---
> def Connect3():
>#arg=os.system('sql.py --prompt qa2:adsdb
> inbl27,inbl27,inbl27:root:adsgoogle:qa2ads0,qa2ads1')
>arg=os.popen('sql.py --prompt qa2:adsdb
> inbl27,inbl27,inbl27:root:adsgoogle:qa2ads0,qa2ads1')
>
> Connect3()
Your script is simple but does nothing useful.
It calls popen with a command line(which is the one I assume you
used at the command line?) and stores the pipe returned by popen
in arg. It then exits the function which deletes arg and therefore
the pipe and its connection.
At no point do you try to read the output from your commandline,
nor do you return anything to the outer part of your script. And of
course we have no idea what sql.py does inside, so I'll just assume
it works as intended for now
What did you think this would do?
Alan G
Author of the learn to program web tutor
http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld
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[Tutor] Using os.popen()
Hi Victor,
Meta notes: if you're replying to a message, please make sure that message
is relevant to what you're asking. You just replied to the digest and
included its whole contents back at the list, which is not useful. In
this particular case, it makes more sense to send a new message to the
mailing list, not a reply to the archive.
Furthermore, please try to make the subject line relevant to your
question. I've changed it to 'Connection to a database', since that's
what you're asking about.
I'm a stickler for these things because doing these things makes the
archive at:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/tutor/2006-March/thread.html#start
more pleasant. If all the messages in that archive were labeled as
"Re: [Tutor] Tutor Digest, Vol 25, Issue 18", that would greatly reduce
the usefulness of the archive.
Anyway, to your question:
> I need help to connect to db on Linux machine.
> When I do it manually -all right, try to execute script does not work.
> My script is simple:
> ---
> def Connect3():
> arg=os.popen('sql.py --prompt qa2:adsdb
> inbl27,inbl27,inbl27:root:adsgoogle:qa2ads0,qa2ads1')
Can you be more specific than "does not work"? Do you see a syntax or
runtime error, or nothing, or...? Do you see any output at all?
I'm trying to impress the idea that many of us on the list are not
psychic. You have to help us with our shortcomings! *grin*
I'll assume for the moment that you're using some kind of Unix. What
happens if you type:
$ sql.py --prompt ...
at that directory? I would be surprised if this worked, because your path
should not include your current working directory unless you've changed it
explicitly.
Anyway, good luck to you!
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Re: [Tutor] how does this list comprehension work?
On 3/8/06, Christopher Spears <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: I copied this program from Learning Python and got itto work on Windows XP:import sys, globprint sys.argv[1:]sys.argv = [item for arg in sys.argv for item inglob.glob(arg)]print sys.argv[1:] What the program does is first print the glob and thena list of everything caught by the glob. For example:['*.py']['showglob.py']The key to the script is the list comprehension, whichI am having trouble dissecting. How do I go about trying to figure out how it works? Hi Christopher, Others have ably deciphered this particular list comprehension (LC) for you. I'm curious though, are you having trouble because this is a nested list comprehension or do you not have a good grasp on LCs in general? They can be a little tricky to grok at first. In case you're not completely clear on LCs in general, here's a bit more description. If you are clear, just skip to the next email. ;-) First off - a list comprehension creates a new list. It does so by pulling items from an existing list or other iterable object. So, for example: newlist = [item for item in oldlist] print newlist This example wasn't terribly useful - it just made a new list. You can, however, *do* stuff to the item as you're passing it to the new list. For example, if you want the squares of the items in the old list, you coudl do: oldlist = [1,2,3] sqlist = [item*item for item in oldlist] Another thing you can do is filter the items in the old list in some way. So, if you only want the even numbers you could do: elist = [item for item in oldlist if item%2==0] # using modulo, which returns the remainder You can use LCs with files, with dicts, with strings, with any iterable object. It's really slick, really easy, pretty fast. LCs can be a little tricky, like I mentioned (especially when nested) but are quite handy and fun once you get to know them. Just don't get so tricky that it's hard to read your code. If it's getting hard to read, use a for loop. HTH, Anna ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] module imports
kevin parks wrote: > i have a module called foo.py > > foo.py imports random > > kp.py imports foo.py ... but in kp.py i also need to use stuff from > random... > > so kp.py also imports random > > but i prolly shouldn't do that right? > Wrong. > Cause now, haven't i needlessly copied the same > names/attributes/methods/functions to 2 namespaces... > The first import of a module runs its top level code, and creates a module object. Subsequent imports simply place a reference to that object in the current namespace. > I get very confused about imports... and accessing names from other > spaces and such... > and efficiency. > > i have 2 or more modules all of which need to access a given function > or method, what is the best way to do that. > Put the function in a module and import it as needed. > i am so cornfused > Apparently. Even your spell checker is addled. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] module imports
On Mar 8, 2006, at 7:09 PM, Bob Gailer wrote: > kevin parks wrote: >> i have a module called foo.py >> >> foo.py imports random >> >> kp.py imports foo.py ... but in kp.py i also need to use stuff from >> random... >> >> so kp.py also imports random >> >> but i prolly shouldn't do that right? >> > Wrong. so it is okay to do that? >> Cause now, haven't i needlessly copied the same >> names/attributes/methods/functions to 2 namespaces... >> > The first import of a module runs its top level code, and creates a > module object. Subsequent imports simply place a reference to that > object in the current namespace. >> I get very confused about imports... and accessing names from other >> spaces and such... >> and efficiency. >> >> i have 2 or more modules all of which need to access a given function >> or method, what is the best way to do that. >> > Put the function in a module and import it as needed. but i mean a function from a standard module. >> i am so cornfused >> > Apparently. Even your spell checker is addled. [that was a joke] so let's say i have a script called foo.py. foo.py uses some things from the random module and therefore has import random import kp import sys import time etc. & co. in it but foo.py also imports a module kp which also happens to import random. Should i only be importing random once or are you saying it is just fine to import a module that imports another module that you actually have already imported. -kp-- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] how to read a text file, and find items in it
hey guys!
I am trying to learn a bit of python, and thought it would be a challenge to
make a script that reads a text file and returns all the instances of a word I
specify. Basically a find and then a list of all the finds.
I am using a text file with some random words in it to test it out on
Thanks!
Adam
My script so far is this:
-
import fileinput
print
print "Welcome to LIST YOUR FILEINS script"
print
print "STEP 01"
print "drag'n'drop your script from the Finder here"
script = raw_input(">")
print
print "The location of your script is"
print script
print
file=open(script)
text=file.readlines()
f = 'file'
for f in text: print f
The test file:
random
words
file in
filein
mac
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Re: [Tutor] module imports
kevin parks wrote: > so let's say i have a script called foo.py. > foo.py uses some things from the random module and therefore has > > import random > import kp > import sys > import time > > etc. & co. in it > > but foo.py also imports a module kp which also > happens to import random. > > Should i only be importing random once or are you saying it > is just fine to import a module that imports another module that > you actually have already imported. It's fine. Each module that needs to use random (for example) should import it. Only the first import to be executed has any appreciable cost; the subsequent ones just put a reference to the already-loaded and cached module into the current module namespace. Kent ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Python interpreter/Xemacs and the py-execute-buffer
Greetings,I have been using Xemacs 21.4 Patch 13 on Windows XP with Python 2.4.2 (final). Whenever I try to run a script inside the xemacs window using: C-c C-c I get the following: Opening output file: Invalid argument, C:\Documents and Settings\jkat\Local Settings\Temp;C:\Devel\emacsk2AS2xand of course my code doesn't pop the output up to the xemacs screen. The last part of the error message "k2AS2x" is different every time. I have already re-installed xemacs and am rather baffled after creating folders called Devel and temp as well.Thanks,FrancescoFrancesco Queirolo(+1)505.661.2670[EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Mail Bring photos to life! New PhotoMail makes sharing a breeze. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
