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Exception in thread Thread-4:
Hello everyone, I am initializing lock and threading related variables in __init__() method of the class as follows: from threading import Timer, Lock class miTestClass(EventMixin): def __init__(self, t, r, bw): self.statMonitorLock = Lock() #to lock the multi access threads self.statMonitorLock.acquire() statMonitorTimer = Timer(10.0, self._collectFlowStats()) #timer to collect stats statMonitorTimer.start() but I am getting following error: Exception in thread Thread-4: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner self.run() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 1082, in run self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs) TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable I am new to python and after reading various links, I am not able to resolve this error. I hope anybody here could help me get it fixed. Many thanks in advance! Regards, David -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Exception in thread Thread-4:
Hi Chris,
Thanks a lot for such a comprehensive reply, I got it fixed now. Thanks
again :)
On Tue, May 5, 2015 at 2:52 PM, Chris Angelico wrote:
> On Tue, May 5, 2015 at 7:23 PM, david jhon wrote:
> > from threading import Timer, Lock
> >
> > class miTestClass(EventMixin):
> > def __init__(self, t, r, bw):
> > self.statMonitorLock = Lock() #to lock the multi access threads
> > self.statMonitorLock.acquire()
> > statMonitorTimer = Timer(10.0, self._collectFlowStats()) #timer
> to
> > collect stats
> > statMonitorTimer.start()
> >
> > but I am getting following error:
> >
> > Exception in thread Thread-4:
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in __bootstrap_inner
> > self.run()
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 1082, in run
> > self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
> > TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable
>
> The Timer() class will call a function when it's ready. To use that,
> you want to pass it a function. Try putting these two lines of code
> into your __init__ function:
>
> print(self._collectFlowStats)
> print(self._collectFlowStats())
>
> (Aside: This is something I like to call "IIDPIO debugging": If In
> Doubt, Print It Out. You sometimes have more sophisticated debugging
> techniques available, but you hardly ever are unable to basic 'print',
> in some form or another. It's incredibly useful.)
>
> The first one will print out something like this:
>
> object at 0x12345678>>
>
> The second will actually call that function (which may or may not do
> anything visible), and then print out:
>
> None
>
> If you change your _collectFlowStats function a bit, you can see even
> more of what's happening. Something like this:
>
> def _collectFlowStats(self):
> print("_collectFlowStats has been called. Returning 42...")
> return 42
>
> Then you'll see that it gets called, and does its print, and then 42
> gets printed out at the end.
>
> In your case, simply removing the parentheses from
> self._collectFlowStats should do what you want - the Timer constructor
> will be passed a function (in this case, a bound method, but same
> same), and that function won't be called until the timer is up.
>
> Hope that helps!
>
> ChrisA
> --
> https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
--
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calling base class method fetches no results
Hello everyone, I am new to python and trying to run an example code from mininet tests. Basically, I am trying to call a method in Hcontroller.py from base class Routing defined in DCRouting.py which runs and fetches all the required results in install_reactive_path() method, but it returns None when it is called from _GlobalFirstFit. I hope someone here could help me fix this bug.. I am attaching all the three files(DCRouting.py, HController.py, util.py) to have a look into. Thanks in advance for your time, help or suggestion. Thanks a lot! kind regards, David ''' Simple hashed-based routing @author: Milad Sharif ([email protected]) ''' import logging from copy import copy class Routing(object): '''Base class for data center network routing. Routing engines must implement the get_route() method. ''' def __init__(self, topo): '''Create Routing object. @param topo Topo object from Net parent ''' self.topo = topo def get_route(self, src, dst, hash_): '''Return flow path. @param src source host @param dst destination host @param hash_ hash value @return flow_path list of DPIDs to traverse (including hosts) ''' raise NotImplementedError def routes(self, src, dst): ''' Return list of paths Only works for Fat-Tree topology @ param src source host @ param dst destination host @ return list of DPIDs (including inputs) ''' complete_paths = [] # List of complete dpid routes src_paths = { src : [[src]] } dst_paths = { dst : [[dst]] } dst_layer = self.topo.layer(dst) src_layer = self.topo.layer(src) lower_layer = src_layer if dst_layer > src_layer: lower_layer = dst_layer for front_layer in range(lower_layer-1, -1, -1): if src_layer > front_layer: # expand src frontier new_src_paths = {} for node in sorted(src_paths): path_list = src_paths[node] for path in path_list: last_node = path[-1] for frontier_node in self.topo.upper_nodes(last_node): new_src_paths[frontier_node] = [path + [frontier_node]] if frontier_node in dst_paths: dst_path_list = dst_paths[frontier_node] for dst_path in dst_path_list: dst_path_copy = copy ( dst_path ) dst_path_copy.reverse() complete_paths.append( path + dst_path_copy) src_paths = new_src_paths if dst_layer > front_layer: # expand dst frontier new_dst_paths = {} for node in sorted(dst_paths): path_list = dst_paths[node] for path in path_list: last_node = path[-1] for frontier_node in self.topo.upper_nodes(last_node): new_dst_paths[frontier_node] = [ path + [frontier_node]] if frontier_node in src_paths: src_path_list = src_paths[frontier_node] dst_path_copy = copy( path ) dst_path_copy.reverse() for src_path in src_path_list: complete_paths.append( src_path + dst_path_copy) dst_paths = new_dst_paths if complete_paths: return complete_paths class HashedRouting(Routing): ''' Hashed routing ''' def __init__(self, topo): self.topo = topo def get_route(self, src, dst, hash_): ''' Return flow path. ''' if src == dst: return [src] paths = self.routes(src,dst) if paths: #print 'hash_:', hash_ choice = hash_ % len(paths) #print 'choice:', choice path = sorted(paths)[choice] #print 'path:', path return path #!/usr/bin/python ''' Fat tree topology for data center networking @author Milad Sharif ([email protected]) ''' from mininet.topo import Topo class FatTreeNode(object): def __init__(self, pod = 0, sw = 0, host = 0, name = None, dpid = None): ''' Create FatTreeNode ''' if dpid: self.pod = ( dpid & 0xff ) >> 16 self.sw = ( dpid & 0xff00 ) >> 8 self.host = ( dpid & 0xff ) self.dpid = dpid else: if name: pod, sw, host = [int(s) for s in name.split('h')] self.
Re: calling base class method fetches no results
1] = ip.dstip.toUnsigned()
hash_input[2] = ip.protocol
if isinstance(ip.next, tcp) or isinstance(ip.next, udp):
l4 = ip.next
hash_input[3] = l4.srcport
hash_input[4] = l4.dstport
return crc32(pack('LLHHH', *hash_input))
return 0
def _install_reactive_path(self, event, out_dpid, final_out_port,
packet):
''' Install entries on route between two switches. '''
in_name = self.t.node_gen(dpid = event.dpid).name_str()
out_name = self.t.node_gen(dpid = out_dpid).name_str()
hash_ = self._ecmp_hash(packet)
paths = self.r.routes(src_name, dst_name)
if paths == None:
print "PATH is None :("
return
route = self.r.get_route(in_name, out_name, hash_)
print "Route:",route
print '-'*80
if route == None:
print None, "route between", in_name, "and", out_name
return
match = of.ofp_match.from_packet(packet)
for i, node in enumerate(route):
node_dpid = self.t.node_gen(name = node).dpid
if i < len(route) - 1:
next_node = route[i + 1]
out_port, next_in_port = self.t.port(node, next_node)
else:
out_port = final_out_port
self.switches[node_dpid].install(out_port, match, idle_timeout
= 10)
if isinstance(packet.next, of.ipv4) and
isinstance(packet.next.next, of.tcp):
self.matchDict[(packet.next.srcip, packet.next.dstip,
packet.next.next.srcport, packet.next.next.dstport)] = (route, match)
def _handle_PacketIn(self, event):
if not self.all_switches_up:
#log.info("Saw PacketIn before all switches were up -
ignoring." )
return
packet = event.parsed
dpid = event.dpid
in_port = event.port
# Learn MAC address of the sender on every packet-in.
self.macTable[packet.src] = (dpid, in_port)
sw_name = self.t.node_gen(dpid = dpid).name_str()
#print "Sw:", sw_name, packet.src, packet.dst,"port", in_port,
packet.dst.isMulticast(),"macTable", packet.dst in self.macTable
#print '-'*80
# Insert flow, deliver packet directly to destination.
if packet.dst in self.macTable:
out_dpid, out_port = self.macTable[packet.dst]
self._install_reactive_path(event, out_dpid, out_port, packet)
self.switches[out_dpid].send_packet_data(out_port, event.data)
else:
self._flood(event)
===> code snippet which returns 'None' number of paths.
def _GlobalFirstFit(self,flow):
'''do the Hedera global first fit here'''
src_name = self.t.node_gen(dpid = flow['src']).name_str()
dst_name = self.t.node_gen(dpid = flow['dst']).name_str()
print 'Global Fisrt Fit for the elephant flow from ',src_name,'to',
dst_name
paths = self.r.routes(src_name,dst_name)
print 'all routes found for the big flow:\n',paths
GFF_route = None
if paths == None:
return
else:
for path in paths:
fitCheck = True
for i in range(1,len(path)):
fitCheck = False
if self.bwReservation.has_key(path[i-1]) and
self.bwReservation[path[i-1]].has_key(path[i]):
if
self.bwReservation[path[i-1]][path[i]]['reserveDemand'] + flow['demand'] >
1 :
break
else:
#self.bwReservation[path[i-1]][path[i]]['reserveDemand'] += flow['demand']
fitCheck = True
else:
self.bwReservation[path[i-1]]={}
self.bwReservation[path[i-1]][path[i]]={'reserveDemand':0}
fitCheck = True
if fitCheck == True:
for i in range(1,len(path)):
self.bwReservation[path[i-1]][path[i]]['reserveDemand']
+= flow['demand']
GFF_route = path
print "GFF route found:", path
break
if GFF_route != None:
"""install new GFF_path between source and destintaion"""
self. _install_GFF_path(GFF_route,flow['match'])
def launch(topo = None, routing = None, bw = None ):
#print topo
if not topo:
raise Exception ("Please specify the topology")
else:
t = buildTopo(topo)
r = getRouting(routing, t)
if bw == None:
bw = 10.0 #Mb/s
bw = float(bw/1000) #Gb/s
else:
bw = float(bw)/1000
core.registerNew(HCo
Re: calling base class method fetches no results
I am really sorry for any inconvenience caused, I was trying to fix this
bug from last 2 days so I had to post it here. It now has been resolved.
Thanks a lot for your time. I'll be careful again. Have a great weekend!
On Sat, May 9, 2015 at 4:36 PM, Dave Angel wrote:
> On 05/09/2015 03:59 AM, david jhon wrote:
>
>> Hi, I am sorry for sending in five attachments, I cloned the code from
>> here
>> <https://bitbucket.org/msharif/hedera/src>: Let me explain it here:
>>
>>
> Please don't top-post. Your earlier problem description, which I could
> make no sense of, is now located after your later "clarification".
>
> Thanks for eliminating the attachments. Many cannot see them. And for
> extracting only part of the code into the message. It's still too much for
> me, but others may manage it okay. To me, it seems likely that most of
> that code will not have any part in the problem you're describing. And in
> some places you have code that's missing its context.
>
> Now, eliminate the pieces of code that are irrelevant to your question,
> and state the problem in terms that make sense. Somebody is instantiating
> an object. Exactly which class is being used for that? Somebody else is
> calling a particular method (be specific, rather than just saying "some
> method"), and it's giving the wrong results. And apparently, those wrong
> results depend on which source file something happens in.
>
>
>
> Routing Base class defined in DCRouting.py:
>>
>> import logging
>> from copy import copy
>>
>> class Routing(object):
>> '''Base class for data center network routing.
>>
>> Routing engines must implement the get_route() method.
>> '''
>>
>> def __init__(self, topo):
>> '''Create Routing object.
>>
>> @param topo Topo object from Net parent
>> '''
>> self.topo = topo
>>
>> def get_route(self, src, dst, hash_):
>> '''Return flow path.
>>
>> @param src source host
>> @param dst destination host
>> @param hash_ hash value
>>
>> @return flow_path list of DPIDs to traverse (including hosts)
>> '''
>> raise NotImplementedError
>>
>> def routes(self, src, dst):
>> ''' Return list of paths
>>
>> Only works for Fat-Tree topology
>>
>> @ param src source host
>> @ param dst destination host
>>
>> @ return list of DPIDs (including inputs)
>> '''
>>
>> complete_paths = [] # List of complete dpid routes
>>
>> src_paths = { src : [[src]] }
>> dst_paths = { dst : [[dst]] }
>>
>> dst_layer = self.topo.layer(dst)
>> src_layer = self.topo.layer(src)
>>
>> lower_layer = src_layer
>> if dst_layer > src_layer:
>> lower_layer = dst_layer
>>
>>
>> for front_layer in range(lower_layer-1, -1, -1):
>> if src_layer > front_layer:
>> # expand src frontier
>> new_src_paths = {}
>> for node in sorted(src_paths):
>> path_list = src_paths[node]
>> for path in path_list:
>> last_node = path[-1]
>> for frontier_node in
>> self.topo.upper_nodes(last_node):
>> new_src_paths[frontier_node] = [path +
>> [frontier_node]]
>>
>> if frontier_node in dst_paths:
>> dst_path_list = dst_paths[frontier_node]
>> for dst_path in dst_path_list:
>> dst_path_copy = copy ( dst_path )
>> dst_path_copy.reverse()
>> complete_paths.append( path +
>> dst_path_copy)
>> src_paths = new_src_paths
>>
>> if dst_layer > front_layer:
>> # expand dst frontier
>> new_dst_paths = {}
>> for node in sorted(dst_paths):
>> path_list = dst_paths[node]
>> for path in path_list:
>> last_node = path[-1]
>>
