Re: New Tkinter windows don't get focus on OS X

[Hendrik van Rooyen]

On Thursday 10 September 2009 18:19:09 Joshua Bronson wrote:

> True, but it'll still be a lot less painful for me to test my app if I
> can get it to steal focus
> when launched from the command line. If anyone knows how to do this in
> Tkinter, help would be much appreciated.
>

look for widget.focus_force()
and look for widget.grab_set_global()

Yahoo for:   Shipman Tkinter "new mexico tech"
for a nice manual, if you do not have it yet.

HTH - Hendrik


-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Why can't I run this test class?

[Kermit Mei]

Dear all,
I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
implement a class:

#!/usr/bin/env
python   

class Test:
'My Test class'
def __init__(self):
self.arg1 = 1

def first(self):
return self.arg1

t1 = Test

print t1.first()


#

But when I run it, some errors take:

$ ./Test.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./Test.py", line 13, in 
print t1.first()
TypeError: unbound method first() must be called with Test instance as
first argument (got nothing instead)

What I want is as the following c++ code do:

class Test
{
public:
Test()
:arg1(1)
{/*Do nothing*/}

int first() const
{ return arg1; }
protected:
int arg1;
};

void main(void)
{
Test t1;
std::cout << t1.first;
}


Hope your help.
Thanks

Kermit


-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:30 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> Dear all,
>    I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
> implement a class:
>
> #!/usr/bin/env
> python
>
> class Test:
>    'My Test class'
>    def __init__(self):
>        self.arg1 = 1
>
>    def first(self):
>        return self.arg1
>
> t1 = Test

You missed the parentheses to call the constructor. That line should be:

t1 = Test()

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Donn]

On Friday 11 September 2009 09:30:42 Kermit Mei wrote:
Do this:
class Test(object):

> t1 = Test
And this:
t1 = Test()
That makes an instance and runs the __init__

\d
-- 
home: http://otherwise.relics.co.za/
2D vector animation : https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/things/
Font manager : https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/fontypython/
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Getting error while importing Sybase Module in Python

[gopalmore007]

Hi,

I have solaris 10 x86 installed. I have installed Sybase module 0.39
on Python2.5.
While importing Sybase module. I m getting bellow error.Please
suggest.

 python
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, May 16 2007, 19:39:00)
[GCC 3.4.6] on sunos5
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Sybase
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "build/bdist.solaris-2.10-i86pc/egg/Sybase.py", line 11, in

  File "build/bdist.solaris-2.10-i86pc/egg/sybasect.py", line 7, in

  File "build/bdist.solaris-2.10-i86pc/egg/sybasect.py", line 6, in
__bootstrap__
ImportError: ld.so.1: python: fatal: relocation error: file /.python-
eggs/python_sybase-0.39-py2.5-solaris-2.10-i86pc.egg-tmp/sybasect.so:
symbol blk_bind: referenced symbol not found


Thanks,
Gopal
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Kermit Mei]

On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:33 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:30 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> > Dear all,
> >I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
> > implement a class:
> >
> > #!/usr/bin/env
> > python
> >
> > class Test:
> >'My Test class'
> >def __init__(self):
> >self.arg1 = 1
> >
> >def first(self):
> >return self.arg1
> >
> > t1 = Test
> 
> You missed the parentheses to call the constructor. That line should be:
> 
> t1 = Test()
> 
> Cheers,
> Chris


Yes, that can run. But If I put the following code into Test.py :
#!/usr/bin/env python   |>>>
|
class Test: |
'My Test class' |
def __init__(self): |
self.arg1 = 1   |
|
def first(self):|
return self.arg1|
|
def setFirst(self,value = 5):   |
self.arg1 = value   

But when I want to run it as a module, something also be wrong:

$ python
Python 2.6.2 (release26-maint, Apr 19 2009, 01:56:41) 
[GCC 4.3.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import Test
>>> t1 = Test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
>>> 

Thanks

Kermit


-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:40 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:33 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
>> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:30 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
>> > Dear all,
>> >    I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
>> > implement a class:
>> >
>> > #!/usr/bin/env
>> > python
>> >
>> > class Test:
>> >    'My Test class'
>> >    def __init__(self):
>> >        self.arg1 = 1
>> >
>> >    def first(self):
>> >        return self.arg1
>> >
>> > t1 = Test
>>
>> You missed the parentheses to call the constructor. That line should be:
>>
>> t1 = Test()
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Chris
>
>
> Yes, that can run. But If I put the following code into Test.py :
> #!/usr/bin/env python                                               |>>>
>                                                                    |
> class Test:                                                         |
>    'My Test class'                                                 |
>    def __init__(self):                                             |
>        self.arg1 = 1                                               |
>                                                                    |
>    def first(self):                                                |
>        return self.arg1                                            |
>                                                                    |
>    def setFirst(self,value = 5):                                   |
>        self.arg1 = value
>
> But when I want to run it as a module, something also be wrong:
>
> $ python
> Python 2.6.2 (release26-maint, Apr 19 2009, 01:56:41)
> [GCC 4.3.3] on linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 import Test
 t1 = Test()
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "", line 1, in 
> TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

You've imported the module `Test`, whose name is determined by the
filename (Test.py).
To access the class of the same name (`Test`) that is defined in the
module, you need to use the dot operator:

 import Test
 t1 = Test.Test()

You should probably use different names for the module/file and the
class to avoid confusion.
Unlike Java, Python does not observe a direct correspondence between
filenames and classes.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: New Tkinter windows don't get focus on OS X

[eb303]

On Sep 11, 9:14 am, Hendrik van Rooyen 
wrote:
> On Thursday 10 September 2009 18:19:09 Joshua Bronson wrote:
>
> > True, but it'll still be a lot less painful for me to test my app if I
> > can get it to steal focus
> > when launched from the command line. If anyone knows how to do this in
> > Tkinter, help would be much appreciated.
>
> look for widget.focus_force()
> and look for widget.grab_set_global()

Doesn't work. BTW, forcing the focus or setting the grab globally are
usually considered very annoying and I don't know any windowing system
or window manager honouring those.

For the OP: the problem comes from the tcl/tk level. Running a tcl
script just opening a window from the terminal shows the same
behaviour. You might want to forward the question to the tcl guys.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Kermit Mei]

On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:43 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:40 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> > On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:33 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> >> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:30 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> >> > Dear all,
> >> >I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
> >> > implement a class:
> >> >
> >> > #!/usr/bin/env
> >> > python
> >> >
> >> > class Test:
> >> >'My Test class'
> >> >def __init__(self):
> >> >self.arg1 = 1
> >> >
> >> >def first(self):
> >> >return self.arg1
> >> >
> >> > t1 = Test
> >>
> >> You missed the parentheses to call the constructor. That line should be:
> >>
> >> t1 = Test()
> >>
> >> Cheers,
> >> Chris
> >
> >
> > Yes, that can run. But If I put the following code into Test.py :
> > #!/usr/bin/env python   |>>>
> >|
> > class Test: |
> >'My Test class' |
> >def __init__(self): |
> >self.arg1 = 1   |
> >|
> >def first(self):|
> >return self.arg1|
> >|
> >def setFirst(self,value = 5):   |
> >self.arg1 = value
> >
> > But when I want to run it as a module, something also be wrong:
> >
> > $ python
> > Python 2.6.2 (release26-maint, Apr 19 2009, 01:56:41)
> > [GCC 4.3.3] on linux2
> > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>  import Test
>  t1 = Test()
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >  File "", line 1, in 
> > TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
> 
> You've imported the module `Test`, whose name is determined by the
> filename (Test.py).
> To access the class of the same name (`Test`) that is defined in the
> module, you need to use the dot operator:
> 
>  import Test
>  t1 = Test.Test()
> 
> You should probably use different names for the module/file and the
> class to avoid confusion.
> Unlike Java, Python does not observe a direct correspondence between
> filenames and classes.
> 
> Cheers,
> Chris
> --

Oh, yep! 
Thanks, Cheers.

Can you tell me how can I write __init__.py for modules:

I have a directory like this:
$ tree
.
`-- main
|-- MyTestModules
|   |-- Test1.py
|   `-- Test2.py
`-- main.py

2 directories, 3 files


In main.py, I want to run the following code:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import MyTestModules

t1 = Test1()
t2 = Test2()

print t1.first()
print t2.first()

###
The classes Test1 and Test2 just be similar with the Test that I showed
before. To run main.py correct, how can I orgnize the code under
directory MyTestModules. (May need a __init__.py file under
MyTestModules, but I don't know how to write it)


Thank you,very much!
Regards
Kermit





-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Q on explicitly calling file.close

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 10 Sep 2009 08:26:16 -0300, David C. Ullrich  
 escribió:

On Wed, 9 Sep 2009 15:13:49 -0700 (PDT), r  wrote:

On Sep 9, 4:19 pm, Charles Yeomans  wrote:



I removed the except block because I prefer exceptions to error codes.


how will the caller know an exception has occurred? What if logic
depends on the validation that a file *had* or *had not* been written
too, huh?

Oh I see! But what happens if the filename does not exist? What then?
"open" will blow chucks thats what! Here is a version for our paranoid-
schizophrenic-sadomasochist out there...


Well first, we agree that putting the open() in the try part of a
try-finally is wrong. try-finally is supposed to ensure that
_allocated_ resources are cleaned up.

What you do below may work. But it's essentially throwing
out exception handling and using error codes instead. There
are plenty of reasons why exceptions are preferred. The
standard thing is this:

def UseResource(rname):
  r = get(rname)
  try:
r.use()
  finally
r.cleanup()


And it is so widely used that it got its own syntax (the with statement)  
and library support (contextlib, for creating custom context managers). In  
any decent version of Python this idiom becomes:


with get(rname) as r:
  r.use

assuming get(rname) returns a suitable object (that defines __enter__ and  
__exit__)



def egor_read_file(fname, mode='rb'):
   print 'yes, master'
   try:
f = open(fname, mode=mode)
   except IOError:
   return (0, 'But, the file no open master!')

   try:
   s = f.read()
   except NameError:
   return (0, 'the file still no open master!')

   try:
   f.close()
   except:
   print 'That file sure is tricky master!

   return (s, 'Whew! here is the file contents, master')


What's above seems simpler. More important, if you do
it this way then you _always_ have to check the return
value of egor_read_file and take appropriate action -
complicates the code everywhere the function is called
as well as making the function more complicated.
Doing it as in UseResource() above you don't need
to worry about whether UseResource() failed
_except_ in situations where you're certain that
that's the right level to catch the error.


That's the standard argument showing why structured exceptions are a Good  
Thing. I'd say everyone should be aware of that, giving the ample usage of  
exceptions in Python, but looks like people requires a reminder from time  
to time.


--
Gabriel Genellina

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: New Tkinter windows don't get focus on OS X

[Hendrik van Rooyen]

On Friday 11 September 2009 09:53:56 eb303 wrote:
> On Sep 11, 9:14 am, Hendrik van Rooyen 
> wrote:

> > look for widget.focus_force()
> > and look for widget.grab_set_global()
>
> Doesn't work. BTW, forcing the focus or setting the grab globally are
> usually considered very annoying and I don't know any windowing system
> or window manager honouring those.

I have to confess I have never used the stuff - just remembered seeing it in 
the manual and pointed it out.

What does it do?

- Hendrik

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Question about unpickling dict subclass with custom __setstate__

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 10 Sep 2009 20:09:34 -0300, Matthew Wilson   
escribió:



I subclassed the dict class and added a __setstate__ method because I
want to add some extra steps when I unpickle these entities.  This is a
toy example of what I am doing:

class Entity(dict):

def __setstate__(self, d):

log.debug("blah...")

Based on my experiments, the data in d *IS NOT* the data stored in my
instances when I do stuff like:

e = Entity()
e['a'] = 1

Instead, the stuff in d is the data stored when I do stuff like:

e.fibityfoo = 99


Yes. The dict contents are pickled directly; __getstate__ and __setstate__  
are related to the instance attributes (fibityfoo), not its contents  
(a->1).

Try defining __reduce__ or __reduce_ex__ instead.


Is there anything I have to do to make sure that my real dictionary data
is correctly reloaded during the unpickle phase?  In other words, should
I run super(Entity, self).__setstate__(d) or something like that?


That doesn't work, dict.__setstate__ doesn't even exist.

--
Gabriel Genellina

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: New Tkinter windows don't get focus on OS X

[eb303]

On Sep 11, 10:40 am, Hendrik van Rooyen 
wrote:
> On Friday 11 September 2009 09:53:56 eb303 wrote:
>
> > On Sep 11, 9:14 am, Hendrik van Rooyen 
> > wrote:
> > > look for widget.focus_force()
> > > and look for widget.grab_set_global()
>
> > Doesn't work. BTW, forcing the focus or setting the grab globally are
> > usually considered very annoying and I don't know any windowing system
> > or window manager honouring those.
>
> I have to confess I have never used the stuff - just remembered seeing it in
> the manual and pointed it out.
>
> What does it do?

At tcl level, focus_force() and grab_set_global() are translated as
options to the equivalents of focus_set() and grab_set() [1][2]. If
these are not honoured, the options are simply ignored. That's what
seems to happen on Mac OS X. So focus_force() does the same as
focus_set(), and grab_set_global() the same as grab_set(). No use for
the OP's problem...

[1] http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/focus.htm
[2] http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/grab.htm
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python server locks up

[sturlamolden]

On 9 Sep, 22:28, Zac Burns  wrote:

> Theories:
>    Python is resizing the large dictionary
>    Python is garbage collecting

Python uses reference counting, not a generational GC like Java. A
Python object is  destroyed when the refcount drops to 0. The GC only
collects cyclic references. If you create none, there are no GC delays
(you can in fact safely turn the GC off). Python does not share Java's
nasty habit of having long GC delays.

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

How can I use my modules here?

[Kermit Mei]

Hello community!

I write a modules for testing, and my code is like this(under Linux):


$ tree
.
|-- MyTestModules
|   |-- Test1.py
|   |-- Test2.py
|   `-- __init__.py
`-- main.py

1 directory, 4 files

$ find . -name '*.py' -print0|xargs -0 cat

 main.py Begin ##
#!/usr/bin/env python

from MyTestModules import Test1,Test2

t1 = Test1()
t2 = Test2()

print t1.first()
print t2.first()
 main.py  End ###

#Test1.py Begin ##
#!/usr/bin/env python

class Test1:
def first(self):
return self.arg1

#Test1.py End 

#Test1.py Begin ##
#!/usr/bin/env python

class Test2:
def first(self):
return self.arg1

#Test1.py End 

## __init__.py Begin 
#!/usr/bin/env python

## __init__.py End 


When I run the main.py, the following error takes:

$ ./main.py 
from: can't read /var/mail/MyTestModules
./main.py: line 7: syntax error near unexpected token `('
./main.py: line 7: `t1 = Test1()'




Waiting for your help.
Thanks.

Best Regards

Kermit Mei





-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: How can I use my modules here?

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 2:24 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
> Hello community!
>
> I write a modules for testing, and my code is like this(under Linux):
>
>
> $ tree
> .
> |-- MyTestModules
> |   |-- Test1.py
> |   |-- Test2.py
> |   `-- __init__.py
> `-- main.py
>
> 1 directory, 4 files
>
> $ find . -name '*.py' -print0|xargs -0 cat
>
>  main.py Begin ##
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> from MyTestModules import Test1,Test2
>
> t1 = Test1()
> t2 = Test2()
>
> print t1.first()
> print t2.first()
>  main.py  End ###
>
> #Test1.py Begin ##
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> class Test1:
>    def first(self):
>        return self.arg1
>
> #Test1.py End 
>
> #Test1.py Begin ##
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> class Test2:
>    def first(self):
>        return self.arg1
>
> #Test1.py End 
>
> ## __init__.py Begin 
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> ## __init__.py End 
>
>
> When I run the main.py, the following error takes:
>
> $ ./main.py
> from: can't read /var/mail/MyTestModules
> ./main.py: line 7: syntax error near unexpected token `('
> ./main.py: line 7: `t1 = Test1()'

For some reason, your Python program is being executed by bash as if
it were a shell script, which it's not.
No idea what the cause is though.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Accessing objects at runtime.

[Gary Duzan]

In article <228b-379d-4fe4-956b-cf803541a...@37g2000yqm.googlegroups.com>,
jacopo   wrote:
>I have a  system comprising many objects cooperating with each others.
>(For the time being, everything is running on the same machine, in the
>same process but things might change in the future). The system starts
>a infinite loop which keeps triggering operations from the
>instantiated objects.
>
>I would like to find a way to inspect the objects at run time.  In
>other words I would like to check certain attributes in order to
>understand in which status the object is. This of course without
>having to stop the system and resume it after the checking is
>finished.

   You might consider running a BaseHTTPServer in a separate thread
which has references to your objects of interest and exporting the
data through a web interface. Using a RESTful approach for mapping
URLs to objects within your system, a basic export of the data can
be as simple as printing out HTML strings with interpolated data.
(I recently did this in a couple hundred lines of code for a small
example handling a few resource types.) Fancier solutions could
pull in any of the freely available template engines or other web
framework pieces.  When you move to different processes and/or
machines, the access method can remain the same by varying the port
and/or hostname in the URL.

   Good luck...

Gary Duzan
Motorola H&NM


-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Ulrich Eckhardt]

Kermit Mei wrote:
> #!/usr/bin/env
> python
> 
> class Test:
> 'My Test class'
> def __init__(self):
> self.arg1 = 1
> 
> def first(self):
> return self.arg1
> 
> t1 = Test

't1' is now an alternative name for 'Test'. What you wanted instead was to
instantiate 'Test', which you do with this syntax:

 t1 = Test()


> print t1.first()

't1.first' or 'Test.first' is a function that takes a single argument (by
convention, that should be an instance of 'Test'). However, no such
instance is provided:

> TypeError: unbound method first() must be called with Test instance as
> first argument (got nothing instead)


Note that you can invoke the 'first' function in two ways:

  t1.first()
  Test.first(t1)


Uli

-- 
Sator Laser GmbH
Geschäftsführer: Thorsten Föcking, Amtsgericht Hamburg HR B62 932

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: "Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt" source code

[Steven Woody]

On Thu, Sep 10, 2009 at 10:18 PM, David Boddie wrote:

> On Thursday 10 September 2009, Steven Woody wrote:
> > On Wed, Sep 9, 2009 at 9:33 PM, David Boddie 
> wrote:
>
> > > See this page for the links:
> > >
> > >  http://www.qtrac.eu/pyqtbook.html
> >
> > but the URL is not reachable from here.  is there another URL? thanks.
>
> Can't you access anything from qtrac.eu from where you are? Here are two
> links to archives for the Python 2.6 versions of the examples:
>
> http://www.qtrac.eu/pyqtbook26.tar.gz
> http://www.qtrac.eu/pyqtbook26.zip
>
> If you can't reach those, maybe Mark will send you the examples directly.
>
> David
>

Hi, Mark & David
I don't know the reason, but from here the site www.qtrac.eu is totally
unreachable.  So, would you please send me a file directly?

Thanks you very much!


-- 
Life is the only flaw in an otherwise perfect nonexistence
   -- Schopenhauer

narke
public key at http://subkeys.pgp.net:11371 (narkewo...@gmail.com)
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Python 3.1 csv with gzip

[dryfish]

Python 3.1.1 doesn't seem to be happy with the use of gzip.open with
csv.reader.

Using this:

import gzip, csv, sys

data = csv.reader(gzip.open(sys.argv[1]))
for row in data:
print(row)

Will give this:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./a.py", line 6, in 
for row in data:
_csv.Error: iterator should return strings, not bytes (did you open
the file in text mode?)

My work around is:

import gzip, csv, sys

def gziptext(filename):
for line in gzip.open(filename):
yield str(line, 'ascii')

data = csv.reader(gziptext(sys.argv[1]))
for row in data:
print(row)

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: How can I use my modules here?

[Albert Hopkins]

On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 02:29 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> For some reason, your Python program is being executed by bash as if
> it were a shell script, which it's not.
> No idea what the cause is though.

Because the first 2 bytes of the file need to be #!/path/to/interpreter,
the OP has:

 main.py Begin ##

This won't work.

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Why can't I run this test class?

[Benjamin Kaplan]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 4:01 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:

> On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:43 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> > On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:40 AM, Kermit Mei 
> wrote:
> > > On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 00:33 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> > >> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:30 AM, Kermit Mei 
> wrote:
> > >> > Dear all,
> > >> >I'm a newbie for python, and I write a program to test how to
> > >> > implement a class:
> > >> >
> > >> > #!/usr/bin/env
> > >> > python
> > >> >
> > >> > class Test:
> > >> >'My Test class'
> > >> >def __init__(self):
> > >> >self.arg1 = 1
> > >> >
> > >> >def first(self):
> > >> >return self.arg1
> > >> >
> > >> > t1 = Test
> > >>
> > >> You missed the parentheses to call the constructor. That line should
> be:
> > >>
> > >> t1 = Test()
> > >>
> > >> Cheers,
> > >> Chris
> > >
> > >
> > > Yes, that can run. But If I put the following code into Test.py :
> > > #!/usr/bin/env python
> |>>>
> > >|
> > > class Test: |
> > >'My Test class' |
> > >def __init__(self): |
> > >self.arg1 = 1   |
> > >|
> > >def first(self):|
> > >return self.arg1|
> > >|
> > >def setFirst(self,value = 5):   |
> > >self.arg1 = value
> > >
> > > But when I want to run it as a module, something also be wrong:
> > >
> > > $ python
> > > Python 2.6.2 (release26-maint, Apr 19 2009, 01:56:41)
> > > [GCC 4.3.3] on linux2
> > > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >  import Test
> >  t1 = Test()
> > > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > >  File "", line 1, in 
> > > TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
> >
> > You've imported the module `Test`, whose name is determined by the
> > filename (Test.py).
> > To access the class of the same name (`Test`) that is defined in the
> > module, you need to use the dot operator:
> >
> >  import Test
> >  t1 = Test.Test()
> >
> > You should probably use different names for the module/file and the
> > class to avoid confusion.
> > Unlike Java, Python does not observe a direct correspondence between
> > filenames and classes.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Chris
> > --
>
> Oh, yep!
> Thanks, Cheers.
>
> Can you tell me how can I write __init__.py for modules:
>
> I have a directory like this:
> $ tree
> .
> `-- main
>|-- MyTestModules
>|   |-- Test1.py
>|   `-- Test2.py
>`-- main.py
>
> 2 directories, 3 files
>
>
> In main.py, I want to run the following code:
>
> #!/usr/bin/env python
>
> import MyTestModules
>
> t1 = Test1()
> t2 = Test2()
>
> print t1.first()
> print t2.first()
>
> ###
> The classes Test1 and Test2 just be similar with the Test that I showed
> before. To run main.py correct, how can I orgnize the code under
> directory MyTestModules. (May need a __init__.py file under
> MyTestModules, but I don't know how to write it)
>
>
> Thank you,very much!
> Regards
> Kermit
>
>
Just make a blank file called __init__.py in MyTestModules. That's all you
need. Then, in main.py, you need to either do

import MyImportModules.Test1
t1 = MyImportModules.Test1.Test1()

or

from MyImportModules.Test1 import Test1
t1 = Test1()

Unlike C++ and Java, an import in Python does not make the other module's
stuff available in the local namespace. You only have the one extra name
(the name of the module) and everything else is stored in there. If you want
to add the new module's stuff to the local namespace, you have to do the
"from ... import ...". This is also why you shouldn't make a separate file
for every class. You could put both Test1 and Test2 into a file called
test.py (module names in Python are usually lowercase) and then do "from
MyImportModules.test import Test1, Test2"

>
>
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: How can I use my modules here?

[Kermit Mei]

On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 07:48 -0400, Albert Hopkins wrote:
> On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 02:29 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
> > For some reason, your Python program is being executed by bash as if
> > it were a shell script, which it's not.
> > No idea what the cause is though.
> 
> Because the first 2 bytes of the file need to be #!/path/to/interpreter,
> the OP has:
> 
>  main.py Begin ##
> 
> This won't work.

Yep, Thanks!

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Download and save a picture - urllib

[mattia]

Hi all, in order to download an image. In order to correctly retrieve the 
image I need to set the referer and handle cookies.

opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler
(), urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor())
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
req = urllib.request.Request("http://myurl/image.jpg";)
req.add_header("Referer", "http://myulr/referer.jsp";)
r = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
with open("image.jpg", "w" ) as fd:
print(r.read(), file=fd)

I'm not able to correctly save the image. In fact it seems that it it 
saved in hex format. Any suggestion?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Help with cumulative sum

[Giacomo Boffi]

Maggie  writes:

> [...]
> else:
>print 'The loop is finito'

do you know of it.comp.lang.python?

-- 
Sarebbe essere un atto di pieta'. 
Contro i miei principi.-- whip,  in IFMdI
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[Nobody]

On Mon, 07 Sep 2009 23:56:17 +, Albert van der Horst wrote:

>>The main advantage of a GUI builder is that it helps prevent you from
>>hard-coding the GUI into the program. You could get the same effect by
>>coding a UIL/XRC/etc file manually, but a GUI builder tends to force it.
> 
> A GUI builder results in hard coding the GUI. The code only resides
> elsewhere.

Data (e.g. a UIL or XRC file) isn't code.

But "hard-coding" is more a question of whether you can realistically
change the data without changing the code. If the code craps out due to
minor changes to the data, there isn't much advantage of having a separate
data file.

>>Creating a GUI programmatically is almost always the wrong approach. It
>>tends to be adopted due to a path of least resistance, rather than any
>>affirmative reason.
> 
> In view of the above this is not quite the correct way to put it.
> 
> What I resent is that it leads to a non-professional attitude
> of the graphical part. Programming is over, lets now kludge
> some screens together. No. The graphics part has to be carefully
> designed, carefully tested, and carefully "written", even if it
> is using a graphical tool. So, yes please, *do* create a GUI
> "programmatically".

My view is that the program should provide functionality without
unnecessarily dictating the way in which that functionality is used.
Essentially, it's an issue of "loose coupling".

The interface really should be configurable by the user according to their
needs. The code doesn't need to *know* the position or dimensions of
a widget, or its label or colour or spacing, let alone dictate them.

In most cases, the code shouldn't even get to dictate that specific
widgets even exist. Rather, it should provide actions which can
be bound to buttons, menu items and/or accelerators as the user chooses.

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[Nobody]

On Mon, 07 Sep 2009 18:04:40 -0700, r wrote:

>> >It also allows the GUI to be edited by without requiring any programming
>> >knowledge. This eliminates the need for the GUI designer to be familiar
>> >with the programming language used (or any programming language), and
>> >allows customisation by end users.
> 
> and this is why M$ interfaces suck eggs! This whole "let's just slap
> together something that works even if kludgy" attitude begets the
> horrible UI's of which i speak. Are you saying that programmers have
> no ability to design elegant UI's? Or are you saying GUI's are not
> *that* important?

I'm saying that the user understands their workflow and environment better
than the application's programmers. The user should be able to decide
which menu items are shown and where, which buttons are shown and where,
etc. The code doesn't need to know this level of detail, let alone dictate
it.


-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[r]

On Sep 11, 7:08 am, Nobody  wrote:
(snip)
> I'm saying that the user understands their workflow and environment better
> than the application's programmers. The user should be able to decide
> which menu items are shown and where, which buttons are shown and where,
> etc. The code doesn't need to know this level of detail, let alone dictate
> it.

I completely disagree with this idea of user "customization" of the
GUI. Sounds more like adolescent accessorizing to me. How is changing
the location of a button, or entry, or whatever, actually going to
make workflow more easier? Sounds like "somebody" failed to get input
from their users at design time. Or "somebody" has the inability to
relate to their end users. However i know some out there like the
"styles" and "skins" crap, which is a different animal altogether than
what you speak of.

Would a mechanic give you a screw driver so you could adjust the fuel/
air ratio yourself? If he did i would never take my car back again!
Just reeks of incompetence!!

Only qualified persons should fix cars, same for software!

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

ANN: warehouse Objects in SQLite : y_serial module

[code43]

Module download at SourceForge http://yserial.sourceforge.net

Serialization + persistance :: in a few lines of code, compress and
annotate Python objects into SQLite; then later retrieve them
chronologically by keywords without any SQL. Most useful "standard"
module for a database to store schema-less data.

The module is instructive in the way it unifies the standard
batteries: sqlite3 (as of Python v2.5), zlib (for compression), and
cPickle (for serializing objects).

If your Python program requires data persistance, then y_serial is a
module which should be worth importing. All objects are warehoused in
a single database file in the most compressed form possible. Tables
are used to differentiate projects. Steps for insertion, organization
by annotation, and finally retrieval are amazingly simple...

y_serial.py module :: warehouse Python objects with SQLite
http://yserial.sourceforge.net

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[Brendon Wickham]

>
>
> The interface really should be configurable by the user according to their
> needs. The code doesn't need to *know* the position or dimensions of
> a widget, or its label or colour or spacing, let alone dictate them.
>

Perhaps...but the user needs a framework in order to understand the
functions they find themselves in charge of once they've initiated a
program. As the designer, the programmer is best placed to provide
that framework, because they know, or they should know, what it is
(something I don't think can be taken for granted). Therefore,
fundamental decisions about the UI should be left to the programmer.
If customisation is possible, all well and good, but it should not be
the main goal of a UI. Usability principles should be.

> In most cases, the code shouldn't even get to dictate that specific
> widgets even exist. Rather, it should provide actions which can
> be bound to buttons, menu items and/or accelerators as the user chooses.
>

That would be an API.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: An assessment of the Unicode standard

[r]

On Sep 10, 8:43 pm, Jan Claeys  wrote:

> Maybe we should use a language that has a Turing-complete grammar, so
> that even computers can understand & speak it "easily"?

Interesting, i do find some things more easily explainable using code,
however, code losses the ability to describe abstract ideas and such.
But you have piqued my interest...?

--
def get_enlightened():
  import webbrowser
  webbrowser.open('http://jjsenlightenments.blogspot.com/')
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[David Smith]

r wrote:
> On Sep 11, 7:08 am, Nobody  wrote:
> (snip)
>> I'm saying that the user understands their workflow and environment better
>> than the application's programmers. The user should be able to decide
>> which menu items are shown and where, which buttons are shown and where,
>> etc. The code doesn't need to know this level of detail, let alone dictate
>> it.
> 
> I completely disagree with this idea of user "customization" of the
> GUI. Sounds more like adolescent accessorizing to me. How is changing
> the location of a button, or entry, or whatever, actually going to
> make workflow more easier? Sounds like "somebody" failed to get input
> from their users at design time. Or "somebody" has the inability to
> relate to their end users. However i know some out there like the
> "styles" and "skins" crap, which is a different animal altogether than
> what you speak of.
> 
> Would a mechanic give you a screw driver so you could adjust the fuel/
> air ratio yourself? If he did i would never take my car back again!
> Just reeks of incompetence!!
> 
> Only qualified persons should fix cars, same for software!
> 

Speaking for backyard mechanics everywhere, I sometimes want the
screwdriver. :-)

--David
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python 3.1 csv with gzip

[Stefan Behnel]

dryfish wrote:
> Python 3.1.1 doesn't seem to be happy with the use of gzip.open with
> csv.reader.
> 
> Using this:
> 
> import gzip, csv, sys
> 
> data = csv.reader(gzip.open(sys.argv[1]))
> for row in data:
> print(row)
> 
> Will give this:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "./a.py", line 6, in 
> for row in data:
> _csv.Error: iterator should return strings, not bytes (did you open
> the file in text mode?)

See codecs.EncodedFile().

Stefan
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Execution order

[DarkBlue]

Here is some code from a pyqt4.5.4  application on python 2.6

def findData(self):

  self.ui.label.setText('Processing... ')

  # here we do something which takes a few seconds
  self.refreshGrid()



The problem is that the text in the self.ui.label  is only changed
on screen after the self.refreshGrid() has finished executing
rather than before.

How do I achieve the expected result ?

Thanks
Db



-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Iterating Through Dictionary of Lists

[JB]

I have created a small program that generates a project tree from a
dictionary. The dictionary is of key/value pairs where each key is a
directory, and each value is a list. The list have unique values
corresponding to the key, which is a directory where each value in the
list becomes a subdirectory.

The question that I have is how to do this process if one of the
unique values in the list is itself a dict. For example, in the
"projdir" dict below, suppose the "Analysis" value in the list
corresponding to the "Engineering" key was itself a dict and was
assigned {'Analysis' : 'Simulink'} for example.

Thanks.
James


#-
# DEFINE Root Dir & Path, Sch Numbers
#-
sch_names = ['AED500','AED600']
dir_main  = "Z:\\ABC_PROJ\\"
dir_sub   = "PCB_MDX\\"
rootdir   = dir_main + dir_sub
#-
# DEFINE Directory Tree for Project
#-
projdir =  {'Project':  ['Schedule', 'Specifications',
'Procedures'],
'Schematics_PCB' :  ['SCH','BOM','ASSY'],
'Drawings'   :  ['System', 'Board', 'Packaging_3D'],
'Engineering':  ['Analysis', 'Reports', 'Design Reviews']}
#-
# DEFINE Debug Status
#-
debug = True
#-
# Print Directory Path (Helper Func)
#-
def print_path(z,suffix):
print z
print z + suffix
#-
# Make a Directory Project Tree
#-
def make_tree_with_debug(proj,sch,root):
counter = 0
print "The dictionary was found to have the following: \n"

#-
# Iterate over items in the dictionary, creating tuples of key/value
pairs

#-
for key, values in proj.iteritems():
counter = counter + 1
print "Key #" + str(counter) + " is "  + "'" + key + "\'"
print "For this key, the values are " + str(values)
print "Thus, the results of generating directories for this key/
values combo are: \n"
#-
# Iterate over the invidividual unique values in the list
# that is associated with each key in the dict
#-
for unique in values:
prefix = root + key +  "\\" + unique
suffix = "\\Previous \n"
if key == 'Schematics_PCB':
print unique
for item in sch:
z = prefix + "\\" + item
print_path(z,suffix)
else:
#if unique.haskeys():
#   print unique.key
z = prefix
print_path(z,suffix)


make_tree_with_debug(projdir,sch_names,rootdir)
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: IDE for python similar to visual basic

[Kevin Walzer]

On 8/30/09 1:48 PM, r wrote:



Hello qwe rty,

I remember my first days with GUI programming and thinking to myself;
how on earth can i write GUI code without a MS style GUI builder? Not
to long after that i was coding up some pretty spectacular GUI's from
nothing more than source code and loving it.

[Warning: the following is only opinion!]
I think a point and click GUI builder (although some may disagree) is
actually detrimental to your programming skills. The ability to
visualize the GUI only from the source code as you read it, is as
important to a programmer as site reading sheet music is to a
musician. And I like to program with the training wheels off.


Whether done in code or with a visual tool, good, effective GUI design 
is not easy. However you get there is up to you. In my case (using 
Tkinter), I've found that it's faster and better to write the code by 
hand. Code in the text editor, the terminal for testing: simple and 
easy. Adding another tool to the mix just makes things more complicated. 
:-) Some may find it's easier to use a GUI builder, and if that's the 
case, some good ones have been recommended.



In case anyone thinks the words "Tkinter" and "good, effective GUI 
design" shouldn't be in the same paragraph, please see 
http://www.codebykevin.com/phynchronicity.html...



--
Kevin Walzer
Code by Kevin
http://www.codebykevin.com
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Execution order

[Diez B. Roggisch]

DarkBlue wrote:

> Here is some code from a pyqt4.5.4  application on python 2.6
> 
> def findData(self):
> 
>   self.ui.label.setText('Processing... ')
> 
>   # here we do something which takes a few seconds
>   self.refreshGrid()
> 
> 
> 
> The problem is that the text in the self.ui.label  is only changed
> on screen after the self.refreshGrid() has finished executing
> rather than before.
> 
> How do I achieve the expected result ?

You can make Qt process all pending events once, via
QCoreApplication.processEvents.

This should trigger the redraw.

Diez
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Iterating Through Dictionary of Lists

[Stefan Behnel]

JB wrote:
> I have created a small program that generates a project tree from a
> dictionary. The dictionary is of key/value pairs where each key is a
> directory, and each value is a list. The list have unique values
> corresponding to the key, which is a directory where each value in the
> list becomes a subdirectory.
> 
> The question that I have is how to do this process if one of the
> unique values in the list is itself a dict. For example, in the
> "projdir" dict below, suppose the "Analysis" value in the list
> corresponding to the "Engineering" key was itself a dict and was
> assigned {'Analysis' : 'Simulink'} for example.

You might want to read up on recursion, i.e. a function calling itself.

You can find out if something is a dict like this:

isinstance(x, dict)

or, if you know it really is a dict and not a subtype:

type(x) is dict

Stefan
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Some issue with easy_install and PIL/Imaging

[Chris Withers]

Klein Stéphane wrote:

Resume :
1. first question : why PIL package in "pypi" don't work ?


Because Fred Lundh have his package distributions unfortunate names that 
setuptools doesn't like...



2. second question : when I add PIL dependence in my setup.py and I do
   "python setup.py develop", I've this error :
   "error: Could not find required distribution Imaging".
   Why ?


See above.


Now, I add --find-links parameter to easy_install :


If you google harder, you'll find there are packagings of PIL that do 
work with setuptools...


Chris

--
Simplistix - Content Management, Batch Processing & Python Consulting
   - http://www.simplistix.co.uk
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Execution order

[DarkBlue]

On Sep 11, 9:34 pm, "Diez B. Roggisch"  wrote:
> DarkBlue wrote:
> > Here is some code from a pyqt4.5.4  application on python 2.6
>
> > def findData(self):
>
> >       self.ui.label.setText('Processing... ')
>
> >       # here we do something which takes a few seconds
> >       self.refreshGrid()
>
> > The problem is that the text in the self.ui.label  is only changed
> > on screen after the self.refreshGrid() has finished executing
> > rather than before.
>
> > How do I achieve the expected result ?
>
> You can make Qt process all pending events once, via
> QCoreApplication.processEvents.
>
> This should trigger the redraw.
>
> Diez

Thanks ! That helped. :)
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re:

[Chris Withers]

open...@hushmail.com wrote:

fs = cgi.FieldStorage()
url = fs.getvalue('url', "http://www.openlayers.org";)
try:


insert a "print url" here...


y = urllib2.urlopen(url)
print y.read()


This script produces the "failed')>". 


This is a name lookup failing, whatever you're ending up with in url is 
either incorrect or the dns config of the server it's pointing at is 
incorrect...


Chris

--
Simplistix - Content Management, Batch Processing & Python Consulting
   - http://www.simplistix.co.uk
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: HTTP POST File without cURL

[John Giotta]

Is there a verbose feature for urllib2.urlopen?

Here is my python snippet for posted the file:

req = urllib2.Request(url='https://%s%s' % (host, selector),
data=open('test.zip', 'rb').read())
req.add_header('content-type', 'application/zip')
req.add_header('Authorization', 'Basic %s' % self.auth)
#req.add_header('content-length', str(len(body)))
print req.headers
u = urllib2.urlopen(req)
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Podcast catcher in Python

[Chuck]

Hi all,

I would like to code a simple podcast catcher in Python merely as an
exercise in internet programming.  I am a CS student and new to
Python, but understand Java fairly well.  I understand how to connect
to a server with urlopen, but then I don't understand how to download
the mp3, or whatever, podcast?  Do I need to somehow parse the XML
document?  I really don't know.  Any ideas?

Thanks!

Chuck
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Podcast catcher in Python

[Chuck]

Also, if anyone could recommend some books that cover this type of
programming, I would greatly appreciate it.

Thanks!
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Use python to execute a windows program

[Doran, Harold]

Dear list:

My question is conceptual at the moment.

Current problem:

I have a windows-based program that reads in a file and from that file
generates data that is saved to a file.

The way we do this now is a person sits in front of their machine and
proceeds as follows:

1) Open windows program
2) Click file -> open which opens a dialog box
3) Locate the file (which is a text file) click on it and let the
program run.

This would be no problem if we did this for a small number of files.
But, we repeat this process for a few hundred files. So, the human is
sitting in front of the machine repeating this process for days until we
have all data generated.

Question:

Is it possible to write a python script that would automate this process
such that it could interact with the windows program, loop through all
of the text files in a directory rather than the human repeating this
process for days.

I have sued python quite a bit to parse XML and text files, but I have
never used it such that it would interact with a program designed to
work in windows. So, I'm not sure if such a problem is conceptually
possible.

I wish I could provide minimal commented code, but I am not sure where
to even start with this problem other than to first ask if it is
conceptually possible.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Use python to execute a windows program

[Simon Brunning]

2009/9/11 Doran, Harold :
> The way we do this now is a person sits in front of their machine and
> proceeds as follows:
>
> 1) Open windows program
> 2) Click file -> open which opens a dialog box
> 3) Locate the file (which is a text file) click on it and let the
> program run.

It might very well be possible, depending upon how the program you
want to automate has been written.

First, make sure, absolutely sure, that's there's no "proper"
automation option available - a command line version, COM automation,
that kind of thing. These approaches are very much easier than GUI
automation.

If none of these options are available, 
is probably what you need.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

how to return value from button clicked by python

[chen tao]

Hi,
 I have several buttons, I want to realize: when I click first
button, the button will call a function, and the function should
return some parameter value, because I need this value for the other
buttons.
I tried the button.invoke() function, it almost got it...however,
I only want it returns value when the button clicked, but because the
program is in the class _ini_ function, so it always runs once before
I click the button...
Any one can give me some suggestions?
My scripts is like this:
def call1():

 return para

def app():
...
class GUI():
  def __init__(self,parent = None):
 
 B1 = Button(self.master, text ='browse...', command = call1)
 B1.grid(row=len(self.user_input_index),column = 3,sticky=W)
 print self.B1.invoke()
 call2 = lambda: app(self.B1.invoke())
 B2 = Button(self.master, text ='browse...',command = call2)
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Message box always appears on 2nd monitor

[ed]

No matter what I do, the MessageBox always appears on the 2nd monitor.
I've forced all the other widgets to monitor 1.
I thought that creating a class and forcing the position would help, but 
it hasn't.


I'm using Ubuntu Jaunty, python 2.6.

Any ideas what I can do to force widgets to a specific monitor?

Thank you.

class ConnectErrorMsgBox( wx.Frame ):
def __init__( self ):
wx.Frame.__init__(self,None, -1, '', pos=(0,0) )
self.SetPosition( (0, 0) )
wx.MessageBox(message='Connect Error',
 caption='Status',
 style=wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION| wx.CENTER,
 x=0, y=0)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: [Guppy-pe-list] An iteration idiom (Was: Re: loading files containing multiple dumps)

[Chris Withers]

Sverker Nilsson wrote:

If you just use heap(), and only want total memory not relative to a
reference point, you can just use hpy() directly. So rather than:

CASE 1:

h=hpy()
h.heap().dump(...)
#other code, the data internal to h is still around
h.heap().dump(...)

you'd do:

CASE 2:

hpy().heap().dump(...)
#other code. No data from Heapy is hanging around
hpy().heap().dump(...)

The difference is that in case 1, the second call to heap() could reuse
the internal data in h, 


But that internal data would have to hang around, right? (which might, 
in itself, cause memory problems?)



whereas in case 2, it would have to be recreated
which would take longer time. (The data would be such things as the
dictionary owner map.)


How long is longer? Do you have any metrics that would help make good 
decisions about when to keep a hpy() instance around and when it's best 
to save memory?



Do you mean we should actually _remove_ features to create a new
standalone system?

Absolutely, why provide more than is used or needed?


How should we understand this? Should we have to support 2 or more
systems depending on what functionality you happen to need? Or do
you mean most functionality is actually _never_ used by
_anybody_ (and will not be in the future)? That would be quite gross
wouldn't it.


I'm saying have one project and dump all the excess stuff that no-one 
but you uses ;-)


Or, maybe easier, have a core, separate, package that just has the 
essentials in a simply, clean fashion and then another package that 
builds on this to add all the other stuff...



It also gives as an alternative, "If this is not possible, a string of
the form <...some useful description...> should be returned"

The __repr__ I use don't have the enclosing <>, granted, maybe I missed
this or it wasn't in the docs in 2005 or I didn't think it was important
(still don't) but was that really what the complain was about?


No, it was about the fact that when I do repr(something_from_heapy) I 
get a shedload of text.



I thought it was more useful to actually get information of what was
contained in the object directly at the prompt, than try to show how to
recreate it which wasn't possible anyway.


Agreed, but I think the stuff you currently have in __repr__ would be 
better placed in its own method:


>>> heap()

>>> _.show()
... all the current __repr__ output

That should have another name... I don't know what a partition or 
equivalence order are in the contexts you're using them, but I do know 
that hijacking __getitem__ for this is wrong.


Opinions may differ, I'd say one can in principle never 'know' if such a
thing is 'right' or 'wrong', but that gets us into philosophical territory. 
Anyway...


I would bet that if you asked 100 experienced python programmers, most 
of them would tell you that what you're doing with __getitem__ is wrong, 
some might even say evil ;-)



To get a tutorial provided by someone who did not seem to share your
conviction about indexing, but seemed to regard the way Heapy does it natural
(although has other valid complaints, though it is somewhat outdated i.e.
wrt 64 bit) see:

http://www.pkgcore.org/trac/pkgcore/doc/dev-notes/heapy.rst


This link has become broken recently, but I don't remember reading the 
author's comments as liking the indexing stuff...


Chris

--
Simplistix - Content Management, Batch Processing & Python Consulting
   - http://www.simplistix.co.uk
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Podcast catcher in Python

[Falcolas]

On Sep 11, 8:20 am, Chuck  wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I would like to code a simple podcast catcher in Python merely as an
> exercise in internet programming.  I am a CS student and new to
> Python, but understand Java fairly well.  I understand how to connect
> to a server with urlopen, but then I don't understand how to download
> the mp3, or whatever, podcast?  Do I need to somehow parse the XML
> document?  I really don't know.  Any ideas?
>
> Thanks!
>
> Chuck

You will first have to download the RSS XML file, then parse that file
for the URL for the audio file itself. Something like eTree will help
immensely in this part. You'll also have to keep track of what you've
already downloaded.

I'd recommend taking a look at the RSS XML yourself, so you know what
it is you have to parse out, and where to find it. From there, it
should be fairly easy to come up with the proper query to pull it
automatically out of the XML.

As a kindness to the provider, I would recommend a fairly lengthy
sleep between GETs, particularly if you want to scrape their back
catalog.

Unfortunately, I no longer have the script I created to do just such a
thing in the past, but the process is rather straightforward, once you
know where to look.

~G
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Multiple inheritance - How to call method_x in InheritedBaseB from method_x in InheritedBaseA?

[Scott David Daniels]

The Music Guy wrote:
...


def main():
...

class MyMixin(object):

This is a mistake.  If Mixins inherit from CommonBase as well, no
order of class definition can catch you out.
If it doesn't, you can get yourself in trouble.


def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(MyMixin, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "MyMixin.method_x(%s, %s, %s, %s)" % (repr(self),
repr(a), repr(b), repr(c))

class CommonBase(object):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
print "CommonBase.method_x(%s, %s, %s, %s)" % (repr(self),
repr(a), repr(b), repr(c))

class BaseA(CommonBase):
...


Redoing this example for small prints:

def main():
for n, class_ in enumerate(
(BaseA, BaseB, BaseC,
 FooV, FooW, FooX, FooY, FooZ,
 BarW, BarX, BarY, BarZ)):
instance = class_()
instance.method_x(n, n * '-', hex(n*13))
print

class CommonBase(object):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
# really, %r is the way to go.
print "CommonBase.method_x(%r, %r, %r, %r)" % (self, a, b, c)

def __repr__(self):
# Just so we have a more compact repr
return '%s.%s' % (self.__class__.__name__, id(self))

class Mixin(CommonBase):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(Mixin, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "Mixin",

class MyMixin(CommonBase):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(MyMixin, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "MyMixin",

class BaseA(CommonBase):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BaseA, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BaseA",

class BaseB(CommonBase):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BaseB, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BaseB",

class BaseC(CommonBase):
pass

class FooV(Mixin, BaseA):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(FooV, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "FooV",

class FooW(Mixin, MyMixin, BaseA):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(FooW, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "FooW",

class FooX(MyMixin, BaseA):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(FooX, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "FooX",

class FooY(MyMixin, BaseB):
pass

class FooZ(MyMixin, BaseC):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(FooZ, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "FooZ",

class BarW(Mixin, BaseA, MyMixin):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BarW, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BarW",

class BarX(BaseA, MyMixin):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BarX, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BarX",

class BarY(BaseB, MyMixin):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BarY, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BarY",

class BarZ(BaseB, Mixin):
def method_x(self, a, b, c):
super(BarZ, self).method_x(a, b, c)
print "BarZ",


>>> main() # prints
CommonBase.method_x(BaseA.18591280, 0, '', '0x0')
BaseA
...
CommonBase.method_x(FooZ.18478384, 7, '---', '0x5b')
MyMixin FooZ
CommonBase.method_x(BarW.18480592, 8, '', '0x68')
MyMixin BaseA Mixin BarW
...


If you make of Mixin and MyMixin inherit from object you get:

CommonBase.method_x(BaseA.18613328, 0, '', '0x0')
BaseA
...
CommonBase.method_x(FooZ.18480592, 7, '---', '0x5b')
MyMixin FooZ
CommonBase.method_x(BarW.18591280, 8, '', '0x68')
BaseA Mixin BarW
...

Note that in the BarW case (with object), not all mixins are called.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.dani...@acm.org
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: How can I use my modules here?

[Diez B. Roggisch]

Chris Rebert wrote:

> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 2:24 AM, Kermit Mei  wrote:
>> Hello community!
>>
>> I write a modules for testing, and my code is like this(under Linux):
>>
>>
>> $ tree
>> .
>> |-- MyTestModules
>> | |-- Test1.py
>> | |-- Test2.py
>> | `-- __init__.py
>> `-- main.py
>>
>> 1 directory, 4 files
>>
>> $ find . -name '*.py' -print0|xargs -0 cat
>>
>>  main.py Begin ##
>> #!/usr/bin/env python
>>
>> from MyTestModules import Test1,Test2
>>
>> t1 = Test1()
>> t2 = Test2()
>>
>> print t1.first()
>> print t2.first()
>>  main.py  End ###
>>
>> #Test1.py Begin ##
>> #!/usr/bin/env python
>>
>> class Test1:
>> def first(self):
>> return self.arg1
>>
>> #Test1.py End 
>>
>> #Test1.py Begin ##
>> #!/usr/bin/env python
>>
>> class Test2:
>> def first(self):
>> return self.arg1
>>
>> #Test1.py End 
>>
>> ## __init__.py Begin 
>> #!/usr/bin/env python
>>
>> ## __init__.py End 
>>
>>
>> When I run the main.py, the following error takes:
>>
>> $ ./main.py
>> from: can't read /var/mail/MyTestModules
>> ./main.py: line 7: syntax error near unexpected token `('
>> ./main.py: line 7: `t1 = Test1()'
> 
> For some reason, your Python program is being executed by bash as if
> it were a shell script, which it's not.
> No idea what the cause is though.

The first comment line must go - it must be the shebang instead.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)


Diez

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

string interpolation mystery in Python 2.6

[Alan G Isaac]

MYSTERY: how can "%s"%error be different from "%s"%str(error) in Python 2.6?

APOLOGY: I tried to strip this down, but could not find a simple way to
reproduce the problem.  This way works, however.  (There is a discussion on
the docutils-develop list.)  Although there are several steps, we are talking
about less than 5 minutes to document the puzzle.  Please use the specific
revision (or earlier) in the directions, as later revisions implement a
work around.

1. Check out revision 6121 from docutils
http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/dev/repository.html

2. Install docutils under Python 2.6

3. Process the file below [1]_ using the rst2html.py script
(found in Python26/Scripts on Windows platforms)

4. Note the IOError::

temp.rst:: (SEVERE/4) Problems with "include" directive path:
IOError: (2, 'No such file or directory').
Exiting due to level-4 (SEVERE) system message.

5. Make the following change and *no other* changes:
In docutils/parsers/rst/directives/misc.py (line 66-67) change ::

raise self.severe('Problems with "%s" directive path:\n%s: %s.'
  % (self.name, error.__class__.__name__, error))

to ::

raise self.severe('Problems with "%s" directive path:\n%s: %s.'
  % (self.name, error.__class__.__name__, 
str(error)))

6. Process the same file the same way. Note the change in the IOError::

temp.rst:: (SEVERE/4) Problems with "include" directive path:
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'doesnotexist.rst'.
Exiting due to level-4 (SEVERE) system message.

7. Try this again in Python 2.5.  The correct (filename reported) error report
is produced both times.  So this is a Python 2.6 change.


Clues?  Bug or feature?

I'm going to hazard a guess that there was an undocumented (in What's New) 
change
to the __unicode__ method of BaseException.

Thanks,
Alan Isaac

.. [1] Following is the rst file to process:


Test


This is just a test.

.. include:: doesnotexist.rst

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Use python to execute a windows program

[Alan G Isaac]

Does the Windows application offer a COM interface?
http://oreilly.com/catalog/pythonwin32/chapter/ch12.html
http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/

Alan Isaac

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Message box always appears on 2nd monitor

[Sean DiZazzo]

On Sep 11, 8:27 am, ed  wrote:
> No matter what I do, the MessageBox always appears on the 2nd monitor.
> I've forced all the other widgets to monitor 1.
> I thought that creating a class and forcing the position would help, but
> it hasn't.
>
> I'm using Ubuntu Jaunty, python 2.6.
>
> Any ideas what I can do to force widgets to a specific monitor?
>
> Thank you.
>
> class ConnectErrorMsgBox( wx.Frame ):
>      def __init__( self ):
>          wx.Frame.__init__(self,None, -1, '', pos=(0,0) )
>          self.SetPosition( (0, 0) )
>          wx.MessageBox(message='Connect Error',
>                       caption='Status',
>                       style=wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION| wx.CENTER,
>                       x=0, y=0)

Did you try making the message box a child of whatever window called
it?  ie.  Pass in the "parent=" attribute.

~Sean
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Problem with the inclusion of new files like lxml, django, numpy, etc.

[joy99]

Dear Group,

I am trying to download the following files,
a) lxml,
b) numpy,
c) scipy, and
d) django.

I am trying to include them in C\python26\Lib

But they are giving error report, as I am trying to use them by
importing.

I am using IDLE as GUI, my OS is WinXP SP2, and my Python version 2.6.

If any one suggest what is the problem, I am doing?

Best Regards,
Subhabrata
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

RE: Use python to execute a windows program

[Doran, Harold]

I am working with this now. I'm toying with the examples to test out a
few things and learn how this works. I've made some modifications such
that I have the following working (below). This does nothing more than
open a program.

I have commented out the portion

#app.AM.MenuSelect("File->Open Database")

When it is uncommented, the program fails. However, when I tinker with
this MenuSelect() for, say, Notepad, this presents no problem and
behaves as expected. For example, the following works with notepad:

app.Notepad.MenuSelect("Help->Help Topics")

At the risk of sounding too silly, how do I know what to place after
app.??.MenuSelect? I've tried this with a few programs and the name I
use in place of ?? Doesn't seem to work.




import time
import sys

try:
from pywinauto import application
except ImportError:
import os.path
pywinauto_path = os.path.abspath(__file__)
pywinauto_path = os.path.split(os.path.split(pywinauto_path)[0])[0]
import sys
sys.path.append(pywinauto_path)
from pywinauto import application


def AM():

app = application.Application()

try:
app.start_(   # connect_(path =
ur"C:\Program Files\American Institutes for
Research\AMBeta\AM.exe")
except application.ProcessNotFoundError:
print "You must first start Windows Media "\
"Player before running this script"
sys.exit()

 #app.AM.MenuSelect("File->Open Database")
 

def Main():
start = time.time()

AM()

if __name__ == "__main__":
Main() 

> -Original Message-
> From: simon.brunn...@gmail.com 
> [mailto:simon.brunn...@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Simon Brunning
> Sent: Friday, September 11, 2009 11:02 AM
> To: Doran, Harold
> Cc: python-list@python.org
> Subject: Re: Use python to execute a windows program
> 
> 2009/9/11 Doran, Harold :
> > The way we do this now is a person sits in front of their 
> machine and 
> > proceeds as follows:
> >
> > 1) Open windows program
> > 2) Click file -> open which opens a dialog box
> > 3) Locate the file (which is a text file) click on it and let the 
> > program run.
> 
> It might very well be possible, depending upon how the 
> program you want to automate has been written.
> 
> First, make sure, absolutely sure, that's there's no "proper"
> automation option available - a command line version, COM 
> automation, that kind of thing. These approaches are very 
> much easier than GUI automation.
> 
> If none of these options are available, 
>  is probably what you need.
> 
> --
> Cheers,
> Simon B.
> 
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Different results for request() vs putrequest()

[John Gordon]

In  John Gordon  writes:

> According to the documentation, these two sections of code should be
> equivalent:

>   conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host)
>   conn.putrequest("POST", url)
>   conn.putheader("Proxy-Authorization", myProxy)
>   conn.putheader("Content-Length", "%d" % len(body))
>   conn.endheaders()
>   conn.send(body)

> vs

>   headers = { "Proxy-Authorization": myProxy }
>   conn = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host)
>   conn.request("POST", url, body, headers)

> And yet they are not.  The first section works, but I get an
> "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized" error from the second.

To follow up my own post, this was happening because of a trailing
newline in myProxy, put there by base64.encodestring().

The newline made the server stop processing any subsequent headers.

-- 
John Gordon   A is for Amy, who fell down the stairs
gor...@panix.com  B is for Basil, assaulted by bears
-- Edward Gorey, "The Gashlycrumb Tinies"

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Unexpected 411 error response using httplib

[John Gordon]

In  John Gordon  writes:

> As you can see, I am including the call to putheader() for Content-Length,
> and the debugging output confirms that the header is present in the outgoing
> message.

> So why am I getting a 411 Length Required error?

To follow up my own post, this was happening because of a trailing
newline in auth, put there by base64.encodestring().

The newline made the server stop processing any subsequent headers.

-- 
John Gordon   A is for Amy, who fell down the stairs
gor...@panix.com  B is for Basil, assaulted by bears
-- Edward Gorey, "The Gashlycrumb Tinies"

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Problem with the inclusion of new files like lxml, django, numpy, etc.

[Diez B. Roggisch]

joy99 schrieb:

Dear Group,

I am trying to download the following files,
a) lxml,
b) numpy,
c) scipy, and
d) django.

I am trying to include them in C\python26\Lib

But they are giving error report, as I am trying to use them by
importing.


What is an "error report"? Unless you get more specific here, nobody 
will be able to help you.


Diez
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Problem with the inclusion of new files like lxml, django, numpy, etc.

[Robert Kern]

On 2009-09-11 11:39 AM, joy99 wrote:

Dear Group,

I am trying to download the following files,
a) lxml,
b) numpy,
c) scipy, and
d) django.

I am trying to include them in C\python26\Lib

But they are giving error report, as I am trying to use them by
importing.

I am using IDLE as GUI, my OS is WinXP SP2, and my Python version 2.6.

If any one suggest what is the problem, I am doing?


Exactly what steps are you doing? Are you following the detailed installation 
instructions for each package? You cannot just download the packages and drop 
them into Lib. Exactly what errors are you seeing? Please copy-and-paste 
complete error messages; do not paraphrase.


Do one package at a time, and write to each package's mailing list if you need 
help installing that package.


--
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
 that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
 an underlying truth."
  -- Umberto Eco

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re:

[opengis]

Thank you for the response.  I have been using 
urllib2.urlopen("http://www.openlayers.org";), so I can rule out the 
url being incorrect.  Since my original question I can add the 
following:

1. I am not using a proxy to connect to the internet
2. I added these lines to the script:
 ...
 proxy_support = urllib2.ProxyHandler({})
 opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy_support)
 urllib2.install_opener(opener)
 ...
   I believe this tells python not to look for a proxy server.
3. I have added http://www.openlayers.org and its ip to my windows 
hosts file
4. socket.gethostbyname produces the same 11001 error as 
urllib2.urlopen

You are spot-on suggesting a dns issue.  It seems like python 
cannot resolve hostnames when it is running in Tomcat 6.  Here is 
my Tomcat cgi config from web.xml:


cgi
org.apache.catalina.servlets.CGIServlet

debug
0


cgiPathPrefix
WEB-INF/cgi


executable
C:/Program 
Files/Python25/python.exe


passShellEnviroment
true

5



cgi
/cgi-bin/*


The hostnames consistently resolve in Apache Server with the same 
script, so I don't think my dns config is wrong.  I don't have a 
local firewall, but could my network firewall be blocking python 
from takin care of business?  Can anyone share their experience or 
a link on running python in Tomcat?  

thanks again,
josh

On Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:54:20 -0500 Chris Withers 
 wrote:
>open...@hushmail.com wrote:
>> fs = cgi.FieldStorage()
>> url = fs.getvalue('url', "http://www.openlayers.org";)
>> try:
>
>insert a "print url" here...
>
>> y = urllib2.urlopen(url)
>> print y.read()
>
>> This script produces the "> failed')>". 
>
>This is a name lookup failing, whatever you're ending up with in 
>url is 
>either incorrect or the dns config of the server it's pointing at 
>is 
>incorrect...
>
>Chris
>
>-- 
>Simplistix - Content Management, Batch Processing & Python 
>Consulting
>- http://www.simplistix.co.uk

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: [Guppy-pe-list] An iteration idiom (Was: Re: loading files containing multiple dumps)

[Ethan Furman]

Chris Withers wrote:

Sverker Nilsson wrote:


The __repr__ I use don't have the enclosing <>, granted, maybe I missed
this or it wasn't in the docs in 2005 or I didn't think it was important
(still don't) but was that really what the complain was about?



No, it was about the fact that when I do repr(something_from_heapy) I 
get a shedload of text.



I thought it was more useful to actually get information of what was
contained in the object directly at the prompt, than try to show how to
recreate it which wasn't possible anyway.



Agreed, but I think the stuff you currently have in __repr__ would be 
better placed in its own method:


 >>> heap()



For what it's worth, the container class I wrote recently to hold dbf 
rows is along the lines of Chris' suggestion; output is similar to this:


DbfList(97 records)

or, if a description was provided at list creation time:

DbfList(State of Oregon - 97 records)

basically, a short description of what's in the container, instead of 97 
screens of gibberish (even usefull information is gibberish after 97 
screenfulls of it!-)


~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Turn-based game - experimental economics

[Paolo Crosetto]

In data sabato 05 settembre 2009 21:47:41, Dennis Lee Bieber ha scritto:

> Much better to just send the token TO the active client (which is
> responsible for returning it at the end of its turn processing) 

Dennis,

I am finally getting my head round this problem. I do have a further question, 
though.

I am using XMLRPC as server. It is quite convenient since it handles all low-
level network stuff for me. On the other hand, though, it seems I cannot make 
the server actually _send_ anything to the clients; it just sits there and 
waits for calls.
This is rather inconvenient for me, as every time I need to send the clients 
some information (eg, the state of the game) I have to formulate the problem 
as a specific call from each client. This can indeed be done quite easily, but 
the end result is a staggering amount of calls to the server, and high cpu 
usage - this might as well slow down the network in the lab, I guess.

If you look at the pseudocode you sent me - and I implemented - you see, on 
the clients side, where the --> are, that a call to update is made over 
and over again.

-=-=-=-=-=- "Display"

connect to "game"
ACTIVE = False
while True:
get game data---> *
update console display  ---> *
ACTIVE = game data == active token
if ACTIVE:
get user input
if user input == EndTurn:
ACTIVE = False
send user input
if user input == QUIT:
break
disconnect from "game"


Is there any way of telling XMLRPC 'send this and this to all clients 
connected'?
Or should I use another server-side technology? I have no much experience in 
writing network programs - this is my first - and I'd rather not go into 
complicated stuff.

Thanks!
-- 
Paolo Crosetto
-
PhD Student in Economics
DEAS - Department of Economics - University of Milan
-
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python server locks up

[Paul Rubin]

sturlamolden  writes:
> Python uses reference counting, not a generational GC like Java. A
> Python object is  destroyed when the refcount drops to 0. The GC only
> collects cyclic references. If you create none, there are no GC delays
> (you can in fact safely turn the GC off). Python does not share Java's
> nasty habit of having long GC delays.

If you drop the last reference to a large object (say a billion item
dictionary), then Python can pause for quite a long time freeing
all the constituents of that object.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Podcast catcher in Python

[Chuck]

On Sep 11, 10:30 am, Falcolas  wrote:
> On Sep 11, 8:20 am, Chuck  wrote:
>
> > Hi all,
>
> > I would like to code a simple podcast catcher in Python merely as an
> > exercise in internet programming.  I am a CS student and new to
> > Python, but understand Java fairly well.  I understand how to connect
> > to a server with urlopen, but then I don't understand how to download
> > the mp3, or whatever, podcast?  Do I need to somehow parse the XML
> > document?  I really don't know.  Any ideas?
>
> > Thanks!
>
> > Chuck
>
> You will first have to download the RSS XML file, then parse that file
> for the URL for the audio file itself. Something like eTree will help
> immensely in this part. You'll also have to keep track of what you've
> already downloaded.
>
> I'd recommend taking a look at the RSS XML yourself, so you know what
> it is you have to parse out, and where to find it. From there, it
> should be fairly easy to come up with the proper query to pull it
> automatically out of the XML.
>
> As a kindness to the provider, I would recommend a fairly lengthy
> sleep between GETs, particularly if you want to scrape their back
> catalog.
>
> Unfortunately, I no longer have the script I created to do just such a
> thing in the past, but the process is rather straightforward, once you
> know where to look.
>
> ~G

Thanks!  I will see what I can do.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python server locks up

[Terry Reedy]

sturlamolden wrote:

On 9 Sep, 22:28, Zac Burns  wrote:


Theories:
   Python is resizing the large dictionary
   Python is garbage collecting


Python uses reference counting, not a generational GC like Java.


The CPython implementation, that is. Jython, built on top of Java, uses 
Java's GC.  Ditto for IronPython implementation. PyPY may allow some choice.


 A

Python object is  destroyed when the refcount drops to 0. The GC only
collects cyclic references. If you create none, there are no GC delays
(you can in fact safely turn the GC off). Python does not share Java's
nasty habit of having long GC delays.



--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Creating a local variable scope.

[Johan Grönqvist]

Hi All,

I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module definition.

One representative example would look like:

--
spam = { ... }
eggs = { ... }

ham = (a[eggs], b[spam])
--

The essence is that for readability, I want spam and eggs in separate
definitions, but for clarity, I would like to express the fact that they
are "local to the definition of ham", i.e., they are not used outside of
 the definition of ham.

The language reference at
 says that "The
following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class
definition." (all other cases seem to refer to dynamic execution using
eval() or similar). Python 3 and 2.6 seem to have identical scope rules.

In the other languages I have used I can either use braces (C and
descendants) or use let-bindings (SML, Haskell etc.) to form local scopes.

Are there suggestions or conventions to maximize readability for these
cases in python? (Execution time is not important in the cases I
currently consider.)


Regards

Johan



--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Neal Becker]

Johan Grönqvist wrote:

> Hi All,
> 
> I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
> scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module definition.
> 
> One representative example would look like:
> 
> --
> spam = { ... }
> eggs = { ... }
> 
> ham = (a[eggs], b[spam])
> --
> 
> The essence is that for readability, I want spam and eggs in separate
> definitions, but for clarity, I would like to express the fact that they
> are "local to the definition of ham", i.e., they are not used outside of
>   the definition of ham.
> 
> The language reference at
>  says that "The
> following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class
> definition." (all other cases seem to refer to dynamic execution using
> eval() or similar). Python 3 and 2.6 seem to have identical scope rules.
> 
> In the other languages I have used I can either use braces (C and
> descendants) or use let-bindings (SML, Haskell etc.) to form local scopes.
> 
> Are there suggestions or conventions to maximize readability for these
> cases in python? (Execution time is not important in the cases I
> currently consider.)
> 
I'd like this also.

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: how to return value from button clicked by python

[r]

On Sep 11, 10:19 am, chen tao  wrote:
(snip)
>     I tried the button.invoke() function, it almost got it...however,
> I only want it returns value when the button clicked, but because the
> program is in the class _ini_ function, so it always runs once before
> I click the button...

so don't call the function in the __init__ method OR just write a
def...?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Podcast catcher in Python

[Chuck]

On Sep 11, 12:56 pm, Chuck  wrote:
> On Sep 11, 10:30 am, Falcolas  wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > On Sep 11, 8:20 am, Chuck  wrote:
>
> > > Hi all,
>
> > > I would like to code a simple podcast catcher in Python merely as an
> > > exercise in internet programming.  I am a CS student and new to
> > > Python, but understand Java fairly well.  I understand how to connect
> > > to a server with urlopen, but then I don't understand how to download
> > > the mp3, or whatever, podcast?  Do I need to somehow parse the XML
> > > document?  I really don't know.  Any ideas?
>
> > > Thanks!
>
> > > Chuck
>
> > You will first have to download the RSS XML file, then parse that file
> > for the URL for the audio file itself. Something like eTree will help
> > immensely in this part. You'll also have to keep track of what you've
> > already downloaded.
>
> > I'd recommend taking a look at the RSS XML yourself, so you know what
> > it is you have to parse out, and where to find it. From there, it
> > should be fairly easy to come up with the proper query to pull it
> > automatically out of the XML.
>
> > As a kindness to the provider, I would recommend a fairly lengthy
> > sleep between GETs, particularly if you want to scrape their back
> > catalog.
>
> > Unfortunately, I no longer have the script I created to do just such a
> > thing in the past, but the process is rather straightforward, once you
> > know where to look.
>
> > ~G
>
> Thanks!  I will see what I can do.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

I am not sure how eTree fits in.  Is that eTree.org?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Python C/API Problem

[Gianfranco Murador]

Hi to all python fans,
i'm trying to run this C source file:
[code]

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 


int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
Py_Initialize();

struct _node *node = PyParser_SimpleParseString("from time import
time,ctime\n"
"print 'Today 
is',ctime(time())\n",0);
if(node == NULL)
{
printf("Errore nel parsing");
}else{
PyNode_Compile(node, "./prova.pyc");
PyNode_Free(node);
}

Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}

[/code]

I compile the file without errors, but when i launch the executable i
have a Segmentation Fault. I'm using the shared library of python
2.5.2 under linux.. Any ideas? It's clear that i do some mistakes, but
where?
Thanks.
greetings, G.

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Where find regexs needed to build lexical analyzer for Python source code?

[Chris Seberino]

I'd like to build a lexer aka lexical analyzer aka tokenizer for
Python source code as a learning exercise.

Where can I find the regexs that define the tokens of Python source?
(I am aware of tokenizer.py but I was hoping there was a web page w/ a
list somewhere.)

cs
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Podcast catcher in Python

[Chuck]

On Sep 11, 1:09 pm, Chuck  wrote:
> On Sep 11, 12:56 pm, Chuck  wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> > On Sep 11, 10:30 am, Falcolas  wrote:
>
> > > On Sep 11, 8:20 am, Chuck  wrote:
>
> > > > Hi all,
>
> > > > I would like to code a simple podcast catcher in Python merely as an
> > > > exercise in internet programming.  I am a CS student and new to
> > > > Python, but understand Java fairly well.  I understand how to connect
> > > > to a server with urlopen, but then I don't understand how to download
> > > > the mp3, or whatever, podcast?  Do I need to somehow parse the XML
> > > > document?  I really don't know.  Any ideas?
>
> > > > Thanks!
>
> > > > Chuck
>
> > > You will first have to download the RSS XML file, then parse that file
> > > for the URL for the audio file itself. Something like eTree will help
> > > immensely in this part. You'll also have to keep track of what you've
> > > already downloaded.
>
> > > I'd recommend taking a look at the RSS XML yourself, so you know what
> > > it is you have to parse out, and where to find it. From there, it
> > > should be fairly easy to come up with the proper query to pull it
> > > automatically out of the XML.
>
> > > As a kindness to the provider, I would recommend a fairly lengthy
> > > sleep between GETs, particularly if you want to scrape their back
> > > catalog.
>
> > > Unfortunately, I no longer have the script I created to do just such a
> > > thing in the past, but the process is rather straightforward, once you
> > > know where to look.
>
> > > ~G
>
> > Thanks!  I will see what I can do.- Hide quoted text -
>
> > - Show quoted text -
>
> I am not sure how eTree fits in.  Is that eTree.org?- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

Can I just use x.read() to download the mp3 file and use x.write() to
write it to a file?  Or, do I have to worry about encoding/decoding
etc...?  I am under the impression that I can just read the mp3 and
write to a file, then play it in a media player.  Is this too
simplified?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Mapping in python? Transforming shapefile so that basemap can read them?

[C Barr Leigh]

I'm trying to get started with plotting maps in python. I need to read
"shape files" (.shp) and make maps. There seem to be many efforts but
none is complete? I'm looking for suggestions and troubleshooting.

The basemap package is obviously at an impressive stage and comes with
some data:
http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/Maps

but it cannot read shapefiles when their coordinates are not in
geographic projection. min are in a lambert, so the readshapefile
fails.

Apparently there is a utility that can convert a .shp file to lat/lon
coordinates, but it fails for me. “You can convert the shapefile to
geographic - coordinates using the shpproj utility from the shapelib
tools - (http://shapelib.maptools.org/shapelib-tools.html)"
 For me, this gives:
“unable to process projection, exiting...”

Has anyone overcome these problems?

Thanks!
Chris
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Patrick Sabin]

Johan Grönqvist schrieb:

Hi All,

I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module definition.

One representative example would look like:

--
spam = { ... }
eggs = { ... }

ham = (a[eggs], b[spam])
--

The essence is that for readability, I want spam and eggs in separate
definitions, but for clarity, I would like to express the fact that they
are "local to the definition of ham", i.e., they are not used outside of
 the definition of ham.

The language reference at
 says that "The
following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class
definition." (all other cases seem to refer to dynamic execution using
eval() or similar). Python 3 and 2.6 seem to have identical scope rules.

In the other languages I have used I can either use braces (C and
descendants) or use let-bindings (SML, Haskell etc.) to form local scopes.

Are there suggestions or conventions to maximize readability for these
cases in python? (Execution time is not important in the cases I
currently consider.)


Regards

Johan


I think it is not possible to realize something like braces in C or 
let-bindings in python. But here are some Ideas to work around this problem:


1) If you define all this in the global namespace you could remove your 
temporary variables afterwards, e.g.


spam = 1
ham = (spam,)
del globals()['spam']

This only works for the global namespace and not for the local! I 
wouldn't recommend it.


2) create a method, which initializes ham

def make_ham():
spam = {...}
egg = {...}
return (egg, spam)

ham = make_ham()

This makes it easier to reuse ham in other situations and wouldn't 
expose spam or egg.


3) Make a class for your ham data structure

If ham is so complex that you have to split it up, it may makes sense to 
create a class for it. Of course this would need refactoring of the 
code, but it's more readable and extensible than packing your data in 
tuples, lists or dictionaries.


- Patrick
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Daniel Stutzbach]

2009/9/11 Johan Grönqvist 

> I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
> scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module definition.
>

For what it's worth, there was a relevant proposal on the python-ideas list
a few months back:

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2009-July/005114.html


--
Daniel Stutzbach, Ph.D.
President, Stutzbach Enterprises, LLC 
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Dataflow programming in Python

[Anh Hai Trinh]

Hello all,

I just want to share with you something that I've worked on recently.
It is a library which implements streams -- generalized iterators with
a pipelining mechanism and lazy-evaluation to enable data-flow
programming in Python.

The idea is to be able to take the output of a function that turn an
iterable into another iterable and plug that as the input of another
such function. While you can already do some of this using function
composition, this package provides an elegant notation for it by
overloading the '>>' operator.

To give a simple example of string processing, here we grep the lines
matching some regex, strip them and accumulate to a list:

> import re
> result = open('log').xreadlines() >> filter(re.compile('[Pp]attern').search) 
> >> mapmethod('strip') >> list

This approach focuses the programming on processing streams of data,
step by step. A pipeline usually starts with a generator, or anything
iterable, then passes through a number of processors. Multiple streams
can be branched and combined. Finally, the output is fed to an
accumulator, which can be any function of one iterable argument.

Another advantage is that the values are lazily computed, i.e. only
when the accumulator needs to have it.

Homepage:
http://trinhhaianh.com/stream.py/
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Use python to execute a windows program

[Jerry Hill]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:46 PM, Doran, Harold  wrote:
> I am working with this now. I'm toying with the examples to test out a
> few things and learn how this works. I've made some modifications such
> that I have the following working (below). This does nothing more than
> open a program.
>
> I have commented out the portion
>
> #app.AM.MenuSelect("File->Open Database")
>
> When it is uncommented, the program fails. However, when I tinker with
> this MenuSelect() for, say, Notepad, this presents no problem and
> behaves as expected. For example, the following works with notepad:
>
> app.Notepad.MenuSelect("Help->Help Topics")
>
> At the risk of sounding too silly, how do I know what to place after
> app.??.MenuSelect? I've tried this with a few programs and the name I
> use in place of ?? Doesn't seem to work.

I'm not very familiar with pywinauto myself, but a quick look through
the docs says that the application looks for a window or dialog with a
"similar" name to what you put there.  So, what does the title bar of
the window opened by AM.exe say?  You should use a name that is
"similar" to the title of the window you're trying to control.

-- 
Jerry
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Problem with queues and gobject event loop

[Roman Kapl]

Why does not this snipplet work?
-
from job import JobQueue
import Queue
import threading
import gobject
q=JobQueue()
def worker():
print "Worker waiting"
q.get()
print "Got job!"

if __name__ == "__main__":
t = threading.Thread(target=worker)
t.start()
q.put(1)
loop = gobject.MainLoop()
loop.run()
-
It blocks indefinitely on the q.get() in the worker thread. When I
remove the the gobject main loop call, the code works fine and worker
thread gets to the print "Got job!" statement. This is just simplified
example to show the weird behaviour, otherwise I am trying to receive
messages via DBus and schedule jobs for another thread(I am a DBus
server). So is it a bug, my mistake or just simply queues can't be
used in combination with gobject main loop? Can I use dbus without
main loop(since I really don't need it, but I couldn't find any
example how to get rid of it.

Thank you.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

RE: Use python to execute a windows program

[Doran, Harold]

Thanks, Jerry. Tried that, as well as various other possible names to no
avail. 

> -Original Message-
> From: python-list-bounces+hdoran=air@python.org 
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+hdoran=air@python.org] On 
> Behalf Of Jerry Hill
> Sent: Friday, September 11, 2009 3:09 PM
> To: python-list@python.org
> Subject: Re: Use python to execute a windows program
> 
> On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 12:46 PM, Doran, Harold 
>  wrote:
> > I am working with this now. I'm toying with the examples to 
> test out a 
> > few things and learn how this works. I've made some 
> modifications such 
> > that I have the following working (below). This does 
> nothing more than 
> > open a program.
> >
> > I have commented out the portion
> >
> > #app.AM.MenuSelect("File->Open Database")
> >
> > When it is uncommented, the program fails. However, when I 
> tinker with 
> > this MenuSelect() for, say, Notepad, this presents no problem and 
> > behaves as expected. For example, the following works with notepad:
> >
> > app.Notepad.MenuSelect("Help->Help Topics")
> >
> > At the risk of sounding too silly, how do I know what to 
> place after 
> > app.??.MenuSelect? I've tried this with a few programs and 
> the name I 
> > use in place of ?? Doesn't seem to work.
> 
> I'm not very familiar with pywinauto myself, but a quick look 
> through the docs says that the application looks for a window 
> or dialog with a "similar" name to what you put there.  So, 
> what does the title bar of the window opened by AM.exe say?  
> You should use a name that is "similar" to the title of the 
> window you're trying to control.
> 
> --
> Jerry
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Ethan Furman]

Patrick Sabin wrote:

Johan Grönqvist schrieb:


Hi All,

I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module 
definition.


One representative example would look like:

--
spam = { ... }
eggs = { ... }

ham = (a[eggs], b[spam])
--


[snip]

1) If you define all this in the global namespace you could remove your 
temporary variables afterwards, e.g.


spam = 1
ham = (spam,)
del globals()['spam']


Why use globals()?  You could just say

del spam

and be done with it.

~Ethan~
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Extracting patterns after matching a regex

[Mart.]

On Sep 9, 4:58 pm, Al Fansome  wrote:
> Mart. wrote:
> > On Sep 8, 4:33 pm, MRAB  wrote:
> >>Mart. wrote:
> >>> On Sep 8, 3:53 pm, MRAB  wrote:
> Mart. wrote:
> > On Sep 8, 3:14 pm, "Andreas Tawn"  wrote:
> > Hi,
> > I need to extract a string after a matching a regular expression. 
> > For
> > example I have the string...
> > s = "FTPHOST: e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov"
> > and once I match "FTPHOST" I would like to extract
> > "e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov". I am not sure as to the best approach to 
> > the
> > problem, I had been trying to match the string using something like
> > this:
> > m = re.findall(r"FTPHOST", s)
> > But I couldn't then work out how to return the 
> > "e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov"
> > part. Perhaps I need to find the string and then split it? I had 
> > some
> > help with a similar problem, but now I don't seem to be able to
> > transfer that to this problem!
> > Thanks in advance for the help,
> > Martin
>  No need for regex.
>  s = "FTPHOST: e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov"
>  If "FTPHOST" in s:
>      return s[9:]
>  Cheers,
>  Drea
> >>> Sorry perhaps I didn't make it clear enough, so apologies. I only
> >>> presented the example  s = "FTPHOST: e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov" as I
> >>> thought this easily encompassed the problem. The solution presented
> >>> works fine for this i.e. re.search(r'FTPHOST: (.*)',s).group(1). But
> >>> when I used this on the actual file I am trying to parse I realised it
> >>> is slightly more complicated as this also pulls out other information,
> >>> for example it prints
> >>> e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov\r\n', 'FTPDIR: /PullDir/0301872638CySfQB\r\n',
> >>> 'Ftp Pull Download Links: \r\n', 'ftp://e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov/PullDir/
> >>> 0301872638CySfQB\r\n', 'Down load ZIP file of packaged order:\r\n',
> >>> etc. So I need to find a way to stop it before the \r
> >>> slicing the string wouldn't work in this scenario as I can envisage a
> >>> situation where the string lenght increases and I would prefer not to
> >>> keep having to change the string.
> >> If, as Terry suggested, you do have a tuple of strings and the first 
> >> element has FTPHOST, then s[0].split(":")[1].strip() will work.
> > It is an email which contains information before and after the main
> > section I am interested in, namely...
> > FINISHED: 09/07/2009 08:42:31
> > MEDIATYPE: FtpPull
> > MEDIAFORMAT: FILEFORMAT
> > FTPHOST: e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov
> > FTPDIR: /PullDir/0301872638CySfQB
> > Ftp Pull Download Links:
> >ftp://e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov/PullDir/0301872638CySfQB
> > Down load ZIP file of packaged order:
> >ftp://e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov/PullDir/0301872638CySfQB.zip
> > FTPEXPR: 09/12/2009 08:42:31
> > MEDIA 1 of 1
> > MEDIAID:
> > I have been doing this to turn the email into a string
> > email = sys.argv[1]
> > f = open(email, 'r')
> > s = str(f.readlines())
>  To me that seems a strange thing to do. You could just read the entire
>  file as a string:
>       f = open(email, 'r')
>       s = f.read()
> > so FTPHOST isn't the first element, it is just part of a larger
> > string. When I turn the email into a string it looks like...
> > 'FINISHED: 09/07/2009 08:42:31\r\n', '\r\n', 'MEDIATYPE: FtpPull\r\n',
> > 'MEDIAFORMAT: FILEFORMAT\r\n', 'FTPHOST: e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov\r\n',
> > 'FTPDIR: /PullDir/0301872638CySfQB\r\n', 'Ftp Pull Download Links: \r
> > \n', 'ftp://e4ftl01u.ecs.nasa.gov/PullDir/0301872638CySfQB\r\n', 'Down
> > load ZIP file of packaged order:\r\n',
> > So not sure splitting it like you suggested works in this case.
> >>> Within the file are a list of files, e.g.
> >>> TOTAL FILES: 2
> >>>            FILENAME: MOD13A2.A2007033.h17v08.005.2007101023605.hdf
> >>>            FILESIZE: 11028908
> >>>            FILENAME: MOD13A2.A2007033.h17v08.005.2007101023605.hdf.xml
> >>>            FILESIZE: 18975
> >>> and what i want to do is get the ftp address from the file and collect
> >>> these files to pull down from the web e.g.
> >>> MOD13A2.A2007033.h17v08.005.2007101023605.hdf
> >>> MOD13A2.A2007033.h17v08.005.2007101023605.hdf.xml
> >>> Thus far I have
> >>> #!/usr/bin/env python
> >>> import sys
> >>> import re
> >>> import urllib
> >>> email = sys.argv[1]
> >>> f = open(email, 'r')
> >>> s = str(f.readlines())
> >>> m = re.findall(r"MOD\.\.h..v..\.005\..\
> >>> \", s)
> >>> ftphost = re.search(r'FTPHOST: (.*?)\\r',s).group(1)
> >>> ftpdir  = re.search(r'FTPDIR: (.*?)\\r',s).group(1)
> >>> url = 'ftp://' + ftphost + ftpdir
> >>> for i in xrange(len(m)):
> >>>    print i, ':', len(m)
> >>>    file1 = m[i][:-4]               # remove xml bit.
> >>>    file2 = m[i]
> >>>    urllib.urlretr

Re: Use python to execute a windows program

[Jerry Hill]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 3:31 PM, Doran, Harold  wrote:
> Thanks, Jerry. Tried that, as well as various other possible names to no
> avail.

You'll need to dig into the documentation then, probably starting in
one of these two places:
http://pywinauto.openqa.org/howto.html
http://pywinauto.openqa.org/module-pywinauto.application.html

The howto says that once you've started your application, calling
app.windows_() will return a list of visible, enabled, top level
windows of the application.  Try printing those and seeing if any of
them look like the window you want.  Or maybe try app.top_window_()
which tries to guess which window might be the "main" window of your
application.

-- 
Jerry
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python C/API Problem

[Philip Semanchuk]

On Sep 11, 2009, at 2:10 PM, Gianfranco Murador wrote:


Hi to all python fans,
i'm trying to run this C source file:
[code]

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 


int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
Py_Initialize();

struct _node *node = PyParser_SimpleParseString("from time import
time,ctime\n"
"print 'Today 
is',ctime(time())\n",0);
if(node == NULL)
{
printf("Errore nel parsing");
}else{
PyNode_Compile(node, "./prova.pyc");
PyNode_Free(node);
}

Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}

[/code]

I compile the file without errors, but when i launch the executable i
have a Segmentation Fault. I'm using the shared library of python
2.5.2 under linux.. Any ideas? It's clear that i do some mistakes, but
where?


Hi G,
With some basic debugging you should at least be able to figure out on  
which line the segfault happens. Have you done that?



bye
Philip
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Terry Reedy]

Johan Grönqvist wrote:

Hi All,

I find several places in my code where I would like to have a variable
scope that is smaller than the enclosing function/class/module definition.

One representative example would look like:

--
spam = { ... }
eggs = { ... }

ham = (a[eggs], b[spam])
--

The essence is that for readability, I want spam and eggs in separate
definitions, but for clarity, I would like to express the fact that they
are "local to the definition of ham", i.e., they are not used outside of
 the definition of ham.


delete spam, eggs

rather effectively says that the reader can also forget the bindings.
Execution time is minimal since no object is gc'ed.

This works with function locals also:

>>> def f():
i=1; del i; print (i)


>>> f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
f()
  File "", line 2, in f
i=1; del i; print (i)
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'i' referenced before assignment

However, since probably a majority of non-function bindings are rather 
local, I do not see that this really improved readability.


Within a module intended to be imported, using _spam, _eggs would signal 
that they are only inted for local use. Delete if you want to enforce that.



The language reference at
 says that "The
following are blocks: a module, a function body, and a class
definition." (all other cases seem to refer to dynamic execution using
eval() or similar). Python 3 and 2.6 seem to have identical scope rules.


Not exactly. In 3.0, comprehensions define a new scope by virtue of 
being implicit function bodies.



In the other languages I have used I can either use braces (C and
descendants) or use let-bindings (SML, Haskell etc.) to form local scopes.


I consider that simplicity of Python scoping to be a major feature; it 
is one of the reasons I use it.


tjr


--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: How can I use my modules here?

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 4:48 AM, Albert Hopkins  wrote:
> On Fri, 2009-09-11 at 02:29 -0700, Chris Rebert wrote:
>> For some reason, your Python program is being executed by bash as if
>> it were a shell script, which it's not.
>> No idea what the cause is though.
>
> Because the first 2 bytes of the file need to be #!/path/to/interpreter,
> the OP has:
>
>     main.py Begin ##
>
> This won't work.

Ah, I had thought those weren't actual lines in the file.
That certainly explains the OP's problem.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.co
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Class variable inheritance

[Lie Ryan]

HPJ wrote:

And by the way, the reason I've come across this problem at all is
because I have something like this:

class A:
  class X:
n = 'a'
  x = X()

class B(A):
  class X(A.X):
n = 'b'
# x = X()

The line commented out was originally not there, but I found out I had
to add it if I wanted B().x.n to be 'b' instead of 'a'.

I might be wrong, but aren't there some (non-obscure) OOP language in
which the equivalent code (without the out-commented line) would have
made B().x an object of type B.X instead of A.X?


Perhaps in a language where classes attribute are declarative. Not in 
python where class attributes are executable statements.


Note that when the python interpreter meets this statement:

class B(P):
def foo(self):
print('ab')
X = 'f'

the compiler sees a class statement -> create a new blank class
-> assign P as the new class' parent
-> *execute* the class' body

# new context
the compiler sees a def statement -> *compile* the def's body
  -> assign the compiled body to B.foo
the compiler sees X = 'f' statement -> assign 'f' to B.X
# exit the new context

-> assign the new class to B

Your problem is related to how the interpreter *execute* a class 
definition rather than the name resolution.


--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Mapping in python? Transforming shapefile so that basemap can read them?

[Mart.]

On Sep 11, 7:22 pm, C Barr Leigh  wrote:
> I'm trying to get started with plotting maps in python. I need to read
> "shape files" (.shp) and make maps. There seem to be many efforts but
> none is complete? I'm looking for suggestions and troubleshooting.
>
> The basemap package is obviously at an impressive stage and comes with
> some data:http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/Maps
>
> but it cannot read shapefiles when their coordinates are not in
> geographic projection. min are in a lambert, so the readshapefile
> fails.
>
> Apparently there is a utility that can convert a .shp file to lat/lon
> coordinates, but it fails for me. “You can convert the shapefile to
> geographic - coordinates using the shpproj utility from the shapelib
> tools - (http://shapelib.maptools.org/shapelib-tools.html)"
>  For me, this gives:
> “unable to process projection, exiting...”
>
> Has anyone overcome these problems?
>
> Thanks!
> Chris

Not sure - but perhaps the GDAL?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Creating a local variable scope.

[Carl Banks]

On Sep 11, 10:36 am, Johan Grönqvist 
wrote:
> In the other languages I have used I can either use braces (C and
> descendants) or use let-bindings (SML, Haskell etc.) to form local scopes.

I wouldn't mind a let statement but I don't think the language really
suffers for the lack of it.  I expect that "leaky scopes" are a really
minor source of bugs in practice**, especially with well-organized
code that results in small functions.  The main loss is the
organization opportunity.

Having said that, I'll tell you a pretty spiffy way to do it, even
though it can't be regarded as anything other than a cute hack.  I
don't recommend using it in practice.


First define a decorator:

def let(f): return f()


Then, apply this decorator to a nameless function to get a convenient
nested scope:

@let
def _():
a = 1
b = 2
print a,b


But there's more: you can define let bindings in the function
arguments:

@let
def _(a = 1, b = 2):
print a,b


And, as with LISP, the "let" "statement" can return a result which you
can bind to a local variable:

@let
def result(a = 1, b = 2):
return a + b

print result


Don't do this in real code, though.  Just live with the limitation, or
define a nested function and call it explicitly without cute decorator
hacks.


Carl Banks


(**) There is one notable common bug that leaky scopes do cause, when
creating closures in a loop.  However, that is an advanced usage.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python server locks up

[Dave Angel]

Paul Rubin wrote:

sturlamolden  writes:
  

Python uses reference counting, not a generational GC like Java. A
Python object is  destroyed when the refcount drops to 0. The GC only
collects cyclic references. If you create none, there are no GC delays
(you can in fact safely turn the GC off). Python does not share Java's
nasty habit of having long GC delays.



If you drop the last reference to a large object (say a billion item
dictionary), then Python can pause for quite a long time freeing
all the constituents of that object.

  
(Both of these messages refer to an implementation, CPython, not the 
language Python.)


The key difference is that CPython "pauses" at a deterministic point in 
the code, because of something the program has specified, rather than at 
a point when some system measurement decides that now would be a good 
time for gc.


--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: looking for a script that automaticly logs into hotmail

[Mart.]

On Sep 11, 10:31 pm, mmoalem  wrote:
> hi there all - trying to find a script wich will log into an hotmail
> account - that is for the reason that after a certain amount of
> inactivity time a hotmail account is expired and to prevent that from
> happening accidentaly a script wich i can schedule to run every month
> and can log into the account will be very usefull - is anything like
> this exist?

lots of stuff if you google for python and gmail. So maybe you could
work from that?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Progressive download in urllib2

[Jon]

I would like to be able to control the (stop/resume) the download of a
large http object when using urllib2:urlopen() in Linux   My
understanding is that the open reads data until the socket buffers are
filled, then waits until data is consumed (urllib2.read()) and fetches
more.

Is there a way to set the size of the buffer pool and/or effect flow
control?
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Class variable inheritance

[Terry Reedy]

Lie Ryan wrote:



Note that when the python interpreter meets this statement:

class B(P):
def foo(self):
print('ab')
X = 'f'

the compiler sees a class statement -> create a new blank class
-> assign P as the new class' parent


No, it saves the name 'B' and bases tuple P, and create a new *dict*, 
call it d here though it is anonymous as far as the class body is concerned.



-> *execute* the class' body


with the new dict d as the local namespace. In other words, the 
equivalent of


exec('''body''', globals(), {}) # new Py3 exec() form


# new context
the compiler sees a def statement -> *compile* the def's body


to a code object which is then attached to a function object


  -> assign the compiled body to B.foo


No, d['foo'] = 


the compiler sees X = 'f' statement -> assign 'f' to B.X


No, d['X'] = 'f'


# exit the new context


Up to this point, there is no new class object.


-> assign the new class to B


It calls meta(name, bases, d), where meta is the metaclass 'type' by 
default but can be any callable which does anything, though the 
intention is that it be a subclass of type or at least something that 
creates a class object, and that d become the backstage attribute dict 
for the result.


Your problem is related to how the interpreter *execute* a class 
definition rather than the name resolution.


Terry Jan Reedy


--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: string interpolation mystery in Python 2.6

[Alan G Isaac]

Michael Foord came up with a much simpler
illustration.  With Python 2.6::

>>> try:
...  open('flooble')
... except Exception as e:
...  pass
...
>>> e
IOError(2, 'No such file or directory')
>>> unicode(e)
u"(2, 'No such file or directory')"
>>> str(e)
"[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'flooble'"
>>> u'%s' % e
u"(2, 'No such file or directory')"
>>> '%s' % e
"[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'flooble'"

Cheers,
Alan Isaac

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: string interpolation mystery in Python 2.6

[Chris Rebert]

On Fri, Sep 11, 2009 at 3:12 PM, Alan G Isaac  wrote:
> Michael Foord came up with a much simpler
> illustration.  With Python 2.6::
>
>        >>> try:
>        ...  open('flooble')
>        ... except Exception as e:
>        ...  pass
>        ...
>        >>> e
>        IOError(2, 'No such file or directory')
>        >>> unicode(e)
>        u"(2, 'No such file or directory')"
>        >>> str(e)
>        "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'flooble'"
>        >>> u'%s' % e
>        u"(2, 'No such file or directory')"
>        >>> '%s' % e
>        "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'flooble'"

Sounds like IOError or one of its ancestors defines both __str__() and
__unicode__ () special methods but has them produce different output.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: uses for setup.cfg and extracting data from it

[Ben Finney]

"P.J. Eby"  writes:

> If you're talking about setup.py, all you need to do is use the
> distutils functions that allow you to run a setup.py without executing
> any of its commands.

Specifically, I want to programmatically access the metadata that is
held in the arguments to the ‘distutils.setup()’ call. Without, as you
say, executing any Distutils command.

I am not aware of any ‘distutils’ public functions that can do that, and
reading http://docs.python.org/distutils/> again doesn't enlighten
me. Would you be more specific about what these functions are?

-- 
 \ “Guaranteed to work throughout its useful life.” —packaging for |
  `\  clockwork toy, Hong Kong |
_o__)  |
Ben Finney

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Re: Python C/API Problem

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Fri, 11 Sep 2009 15:10:45 -0300, Gianfranco Murador  
 escribió:



int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
Py_Initialize();

struct _node *node = PyParser_SimpleParseString("from time import
time,ctime\n"
"print 'Today 
is',ctime(time())\n",0);
if(node == NULL)
{
printf("Errore nel parsing");
}else{
PyNode_Compile(node, "./prova.pyc");
PyNode_Free(node);
}

Py_Finalize();
return 0;
}



I compile the file without errors, but when i launch the executable i
have a Segmentation Fault. I'm using the shared library of python
2.5.2 under linux.. Any ideas? It's clear that i do some mistakes, but


The second argument to PyParser_SimpleParseString must be one of  
Py_eval_input, Py_file_input or Py_single_input - not 0.
Anyway, if this is the actual cause of your segfault, seems that a  
validation should be added somewhere...


--
Gabriel Genellina

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Writing a thread-safe class

[Timothy Madden]

Hello

I would like to write a class with methods that can be accessed by many 
threads at the same time.


For this I have a lock attribute in my class obtained with 
threading.Lock(), in the constructor, and every method begins by 
acquiring the lock and ends by releasing it


My problem is that the lock is still an attribute of the class, and the 
very expression self.lock in the statement self.lock.acquire() is 
performed before locking, thus not being thread-safe.


If I am correct self is a dictionary of object attributes, and if 
another thread has the lock and creates a new attribute, or deletes one, 
in the same time with my lookup for self.lock, than the lookup is 
compromised.


How do people create thread-safe classes in python ?

Thank you,
Timothy Madden
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

Unicode - and MIMEType - Good friday fun.

[rh0dium]

Hi Geniuses,

Can anyone please show me the way..  I don't understand why this
doesn't work...


# encoding: utf-8
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText

msg = MIMEText("hi")
msg.set_charset('utf-8')
print msg.as_string()

a = 'Ho\xcc\x82tel Ste\xcc\x81phane '
b = unicode(a, "utf-8")

print b

msg = MIMEText(b)
msg.set_charset('utf-8')
print msg.as_string()

It should right??

Thanks!
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list