WSDL and XML generation
Hi all Newbie in Python, i am looking for some pointers (or better existing modules) to do the followings: - generate (correct) XML messages from a WSDL file - make some modifications inside XML messages *before* sending them to the server hosting the Web services (described by previously mentionned WSDL file) - parse the answer. Some ideas ? Thanks in advance Stephane -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Testoob: How do you use testoob.collector_from_globals / collector_from_modules?
Hi Harry, I forwarded this to the Testoob list at http://groups.google.com/group/testoob Ori. On Jul 27, 4:12 pm, Harry Ebbers wrote: > Hi, > > For a project I'm creating unittests using testoob. When all tests are > in a single file there is no problem > > if __name__ == '__main__': > testoob.main() > does the trick as usual. > > But for a number of python-applications they have asked me to group > unittests in different files, based on common functionality (e.g. GUI, > main-application, etcetera). > > Ican get it to work by importing all unittestclasses in the following > way and than use the normal if __name__ == '__main__' construction > > (from GUI import GUItests > from APP import APPtests > > if __name__ == '__main__': > testoob.main()) > > But looking at the future I would like to use testsuites. > > On the internet I found the functions testoob.collector_from_globals > and collector_from_modules which one can use to 'easily' create > testsuites which can be used with testoob. But no examples on how to > use them can be found. > > Can anybody supply me with a working example? > > TIA > > Harry Ebbers -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: RSA cryptography between Python and Java
Rob Knop wrote: > I've created an RSA key in Java. I have exported the public key by > making it into a X509EncodedKeySpec and spitting out the result of > getEncoded(). > > I want to use this public key to encode something in python that I will > send to Java, and then decode in Java with the corresponding private > key. > > Are there any python libraries that will take a public key in this > format and do RSA encoding on it? M2Crypto will let you do this: http://chandlerproject.org/bin/view/Projects/MeTooCrypto If you have access to the raw key data (instead of having it encoded in a X509 certificate), then you can also use PyCrypto, which does require setting up OpenSSL first: http://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/ -- Marc-Andre Lemburg eGenix.com Professional Python Services directly from the Source (#1, Jul 28 2009) >>> Python/Zope Consulting and Support ...http://www.egenix.com/ >>> mxODBC.Zope.Database.Adapter ... http://zope.egenix.com/ >>> mxODBC, mxDateTime, mxTextTools ...http://python.egenix.com/ ::: Try our new mxODBC.Connect Python Database Interface for free ! eGenix.com Software, Skills and Services GmbH Pastor-Loeh-Str.48 D-40764 Langenfeld, Germany. CEO Dipl.-Math. Marc-Andre Lemburg Registered at Amtsgericht Duesseldorf: HRB 46611 http://www.egenix.com/company/contact/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bad certificate error
jakecjacobson wrote:
> I am getting the following error when doing a post to REST API,
>
> Enter PEM pass phrase:
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 193, in ?
> main(sys.argv[1])
>File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 60, in main
> post2Catalog(catalog_host, catalog_port, catalog_path, os.path.join
> (input_dir, file), collection_name, key_file, cert_file)
>File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 125, in post2Catalog
> connection.request('POST', path, parameters, head)
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 810, in request
> self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 833, in _send_request
> self.endheaders()
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 804, in endheaders
> self._send_output()
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 685, in _send_output
> self.send(msg)
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 652, in send
> self.connect()
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1079, in connect
> ssl = socket.ssl(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
>File "/usr/lib/python2.4/socket.py", line 74, in ssl
> return _realssl(sock, keyfile, certfile)
> socket.sslerror: (1, 'error:14094412:SSL
> routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert bad certificate')
>
>
> My code where this error occurs is:
>
> head = {"Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
> "Accept" : "text/plain"}
> parameters = urlencode({"collection" : collection, "entryxml" : open
> (file,'r').read()})
> print "Sending the file to: " + host
>
> try:
> try:
> # Default port is 443.
> # key_file is the name of a PEM formatted file that contains
> your
> private key.
> # cert_file is a PEM formatted certificate chain file.
> connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host, int(port), key_file,
> cert_file)
> connection.request('POST', path, parameters, head)
> response = connection.getresponse()
> print response.status, response.reason
> except httplib.error, (value,message):
> print value + ':' + message
> finally:
> connection.close()
>
> I was wondering if this is due to the server having a invalid server
> cert?
I'd say judging from the traceback you messed up key_file or cert_file
somehow.
Try using the openssl binary on them (read the man page to see how!)
to check them out.
> If I go to this server in my browser, I get a "This server tried to
> identify itself with invalid information". Is there a way to
> ignore this issue with Python? Can I setup a trust store and add
> this server to the trust store?
Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired certificate?
--
Nick Craig-Wood -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick
--
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Re: Determining __name__ from the code that called a function
En Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:21:10 -0300, Paul Johnston escribió: In ToscaWidgets 2 experimental, when defining resources you often do something like this: CSSLink(modname=__name__, filename='static/mycss.css') Now, what I'd like to do is make the "modname=__name__" optional, to make code more concise. I figure there must be some way (using inspect or something) to determine what __name__ would be in the code that just called my function. Couldn't immediately see how to do this - any suggestions? In CPython, you may use sys._getframe(1).f_globals['__name__'] but I don't know how portable is that across Python implementations. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ioctl on socket
Gabriel Genellina wrote: > En Mon, 27 Jul 2009 16:35:51 -0300, jacopo mondi > escribió: > >> Is there a reason why there is no ioctl interface for socket either then >> for windows platform? It's technical issues or what else?? > > I don't completely understand your question. On Windows, you can use > socket.ioctl with sockets, and DeviceIoControl (from the pywin32 package) > with other files. On Linux, you have fcntl.ioctl that works with any kind > of file. > Ok, thanks a lot, my question was because I didn't know about fcntl.ioct, I thought that ioctl wrapping was implemented inside socketmodule.c as 'bind', 'connect', 'accept' etc. are, and I was disoriented because no documentation for socket usage on Linux nor the code have references about ioctl, except for windows. I hope the reason why you didn't completely understood my question is not my english, if it be so I'm sorry and I ask anyone to correct me, it's the only way to improve ;) thanks a lot jacopo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: where do I put resources (images, audio files) when I wrote Python program?
Piotrek wrote:
that? I think about puting these files in /usr/share/myprogram and then
reading it the normal way (so the path "/usr/share/myprogram" would be just
hardwired in my program). Is it the way one usually does it in Python
program or is there any more sofisticated way?
Just keep them in your sources, and create an empty __init__.py file in
the images directory.
Then install setuptools and use the pkg_resources module. It will work
even if your application is installed as an egg through easy_install,
possibly zipped.
To open a resource file:
f = pkg_resources.resource_stream('path.to.package', 'resource.png')
f.read()
"""
Return a readable file-like object for the specified resource; it
may be an actual file, a StringIO, or some similar object. The stream is
in "binary mode", in the sense that whatever bytes are in the resource
will be read as-is.
"""
--
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The longest word
Newbie hello onwards to the .py manual asks meantime how the longest
word gets determined?
First word, ok
'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.find(' ',1,10)]
'a'
rfind is another subset
>>> 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.rfind(' ',1,10)]
'a aa aaa'
One row should be able. It's a direct word 'a aa aaa...' and can be a
variable, it's no big deal it occurs twice still naturally easier if
also occured just once.
Sincere thanks & regards
Niklas
--
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Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
On Monday 27 July 2009 16:49:25 Aahz wrote: > In article , > > Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: > >On Sunday 26 July 2009 21:26:46 David Robinow wrote: > >> I'm a mediocre programmer. Does this mean I should switch to PHP? > > > >I have searched, but I can find nothing about this mediocre language. > > > >Could you tell us more? > > > :-P > > (For anyone who is confused by Hendrik's humor, he is saying that David > was referring to a programming language named "mediocre". English > grammar is confusing!) This is true - I intended, when I started the post, to make a crack about how he knew that he was mediocre - If there were some exam or test that you have to pass or fail to be able to make the claim to mediocrity. I was imagining a sort of devil's rating scale for programmers, that could cause one to say things like: "I am studying hard so that I can get my mediocre certificate, and one day I hope to reach hacker rank". And then the similarity to "I am a COBOL programmer" struck me, and I abandoned the ratings. - Hendrik -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
On Jul 28, 10:26 am, NiklasRTZ wrote:
> Newbie hello onwards to the .py manual asks meantime how the longest
> word gets determined?
> First word, ok
> 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.find(' ',1,10)]
Your language is not easy to understand, but I think you want to find
the longest word in a string.
If this is the input string:
txt = "a aa aaa aa"
There are several ways to do it, I'll show a simple one.
You can split it into its parts (not having Python a built-in lazy
split yet, you can split it all at once). You can do it with the
string split method. It produces a list of the words, more or less
(but you may have words like "gone,", you may have to take care of
them too, this requires some code.
Once you have a list of words, you have to take the longest. A simple
way is to replace each word with a tuple that contains the length of
the word and the word itself, then pick the tuple with the highest
length value. But Python allows you to do such operation in a faster
way: you can use the max() function, it has a "key" function that
allows you to remap on the fly what you mean by "max". So you just
have to give it a function (reference) that given the word spits its
length, such function is "len" itself.
If you instead want to find the position of the longest word the
program gets a little longer. Ask if you need something different.
Bye,
bearophile
--
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Re: The longest word
On Jul 28, 5:02 am, Bearophile wrote:
> On Jul 28, 10:26 am, NiklasRTZ wrote:
>
> > Newbie hello onwards to the .py manual asks meantime how the longest
> > word gets determined?
> > First word, ok
> > 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.find(' ',1,10)]
>
> Your language is not easy to understand, but I think you want to find
> the longest word in a string.
> If this is the input string:
> txt = "a aa aaa aa"
>
> There are several ways to do it, I'll show a simple one.
>
> You can split it into its parts (not having Python a built-in lazy
> split yet, you can split it all at once). You can do it with the
> string split method. It produces a list of the words, more or less
> (but you may have words like "gone,", you may have to take care of
> them too, this requires some code.
>
> Once you have a list of words, you have to take the longest. A simple
> way is to replace each word with a tuple that contains the length of
> the word and the word itself, then pick the tuple with the highest
> length value. But Python allows you to do such operation in a faster
> way: you can use the max() function, it has a "key" function that
> allows you to remap on the fly what you mean by "max". So you just
> have to give it a function (reference) that given the word spits its
> length, such function is "len" itself.
>
> If you instead want to find the position of the longest word the
> program gets a little longer. Ask if you need something different.
>
> Bye,
> bearophile
Thank you. This seems to work:
sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '),lambda a,b: len(a)-
len(b))[-1]
'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
--
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Re: The longest word
> NiklasRTZ (N) wrote:
>N> Newbie hello onwards to the .py manual asks meantime how the longest
>N> word gets determined?
>N> First word, ok
>N> 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.find(' ',1,10)]
>N> 'a'
>N> rfind is another subset
> 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.rfind(' ',1,10)]
>N> 'a aa aaa'
>N> One row should be able. It's a direct word 'a aa aaa...' and can be a
>N> variable, it's no big deal it occurs twice still naturally easier if
>N> also occured just once.
>N> Sincere thanks & regards
>N> Niklas
1. Is this homework?
2. It sounds very confusing. Are you trying to find the longest word in
a series of words seperated by spaces? find and rfind will not help
you much. You should start with var.split() if var contains the text.
--
Piet van Oostrum
URL: http://pietvanoostrum.com [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: [email protected]
--
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Re: Override a method but inherit the docstring
Shai wrote: On Jul 27, 5:05 pm, Jean-Michel Pichavant wrote: Ben Finney wrote: The docstring for ‘FooGonk.frobnicate’ is, intentionally, perfectly applicable to the ‘BarGonk.frobnicate’ method also. Yet in overriding the method, the original docstring is not associated with it. I've also tried within the python interpreter, and it can perfectly solve docstring inheritance. So why would you explicitly assign docstring to child methods ? What do you mean by "can perfectly solve docstring inheritance" ? After the following, class Foo(object): def foo(self): "Frobber" pass class Bar(Foo): def foo(self): pass help(Bar.foo) does not display "Frobber" on my interpreter. You're right. I must have made some dumb mistake. So interpreters do not solve docstring inheritance, Epydoc does. JM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
> NiklasRTZ (N) wrote:
>N> Thank you. This seems to work:
>N> sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '),lambda a,b: len(a)-
>N> len(b))[-1]
>N> 'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
simpler:
sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '), key=len)[-1]
--
Piet van Oostrum
URL: http://pietvanoostrum.com [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: [email protected]
--
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Re: Extract images from PDF files
David Lyon wrote: pdftohtml on sourceforge may help... also see: http://linuxcommand.org/man_pages/pdfimages1.html bye -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
NiklasRTZ wrote:
> On Jul 28, 5:02 am, Bearophile wrote:
>> On Jul 28, 10:26 am, NiklasRTZ wrote:
>>
>> > Newbie hello onwards to the .py manual asks meantime how the longest
>> > word gets determined?
>> > First word, ok
>> > 'a aa aaa aa'[:'a aa aaa aa'.find(' ',1,10)]
>>
>> Your language is not easy to understand, but I think you want to find
>> the longest word in a string.
>> If this is the input string:
>> txt = "a aa aaa aa"
>>
>> There are several ways to do it, I'll show a simple one.
>>
>> You can split it into its parts (not having Python a built-in lazy
>> split yet, you can split it all at once). You can do it with the
>> string split method. It produces a list of the words, more or less
>> (but you may have words like "gone,", you may have to take care of
>> them too, this requires some code.
>>
>> Once you have a list of words, you have to take the longest. A simple
>> way is to replace each word with a tuple that contains the length of
>> the word and the word itself, then pick the tuple with the highest
>> length value. But Python allows you to do such operation in a faster
>> way: you can use the max() function, it has a "key" function that
>> allows you to remap on the fly what you mean by "max". So you just
>> have to give it a function (reference) that given the word spits its
>> length, such function is "len" itself.
>>
>> If you instead want to find the position of the longest word the
>> program gets a little longer. Ask if you need something different.
>>
>> Bye,
>> bearophile
>
> Thank you. This seems to work:
> sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '),lambda a,b: len(a)-
> len(b))[-1]
> 'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
To spell out bearophile's more efficient suggestion:
>>> max("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(), key=len)
'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
--
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Re: bad certificate error
On Jul 28, 3:29 am, Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> jakecjacobson wrote:
> > I am getting the following error when doing a post to REST API,
>
> > Enter PEM pass phrase:
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 193, in ?
> > main(sys.argv[1])
> > File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 60, in main
> > post2Catalog(catalog_host, catalog_port, catalog_path, os.path.join
> > (input_dir, file), collection_name, key_file, cert_file)
> > File "./ices_catalog_feeder.py", line 125, in post2Catalog
> > connection.request('POST', path, parameters, head)
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 810, in request
> > self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 833, in _send_request
> > self.endheaders()
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 804, in endheaders
> > self._send_output()
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 685, in _send_output
> > self.send(msg)
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 652, in send
> > self.connect()
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1079, in connect
> > ssl = socket.ssl(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
> > File "/usr/lib/python2.4/socket.py", line 74, in ssl
> > return _realssl(sock, keyfile, certfile)
> > socket.sslerror: (1, 'error:14094412:SSL
> > routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert bad certificate')
>
> > My code where this error occurs is:
>
> > head = {"Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
> > "Accept" : "text/plain"}
> > parameters = urlencode({"collection" : collection, "entryxml" : open
> > (file,'r').read()})
> > print "Sending the file to: " + host
>
> > try:
> > try:
> > # Default port is 443.
> > # key_file is the name of a PEM formatted file that contains your
> > private key.
> > # cert_file is a PEM formatted certificate chain file.
> > connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host, int(port), key_file,
> > cert_file)
> > connection.request('POST', path, parameters, head)
> > response = connection.getresponse()
> > print response.status, response.reason
> > except httplib.error, (value,message):
> > print value + ':' + message
> > finally:
> > connection.close()
>
> > I was wondering if this is due to the server having a invalid server
> > cert?
>
> I'd say judging from the traceback you messed up key_file or cert_file
> somehow.
>
> Try using the openssl binary on them (read the man page to see how!)
> to check them out.
>
> > If I go to this server in my browser, I get a "This server tried to
> > identify itself with invalid information". Is there a way to
> > ignore this issue with Python? Can I setup a trust store and add
> > this server to the trust store?
>
> Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired certificate?
>
> --
> Nick Craig-Wood --http://www.craig-wood.com/nick
Nick,
Thanks for the help on this. I will check my steps on openssl again
and see if I messed up. What I tried to do was:
1. Save my PKI cert to disk. It was saved as a P12 file
2. Use openssl to convert it to the needed .pem file type
3. Saved the CA that my cert was signed by as a .crt file
These are the 2 files that I was using for key_file and
* cert_file -> CA
* key_file -> my PKI cert converted to a .pem file
"Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired
certificate?" It is a server name mismatch.
For everyone that wants to discuss why we shouldn't do this, great but
I can't change the fact that I need to do this. I can't use http or
even get a correct cert at this time. This is a quick a dirty project
to demonstrate capability. I need something more than slide show
briefs.
--
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Re: Re: where do I put resources (images, audio files) when I wrote Python program?
Gabriel Genellina wrote: For those read-only resources I'd use pkgutil.get_data (instead of manually parsing __file__): http://docs.python.org/library/pkgutil.html#pkgutil.get_data It's easier to manage when someone later decide to install the package as an egg file, or distribute it using py2exe. Quoting the documentation: """The function returns a binary string that is the contents of the specified resource. For packages located in the filesystem, which have already been imported, this is the rough equivalent of: d = os.path.dirname(sys.modules[package].__file__) data = open(os.path.join(d, resource), 'rb').read() return data """ Thanks Gabriel, I hadn't come across get_data() yet. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ioctl on socket
En Tue, 28 Jul 2009 07:05:43 -0300, jacopo mondi escribió: Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Mon, 27 Jul 2009 16:35:51 -0300, jacopo mondi escribió: Is there a reason why there is no ioctl interface for socket either then for windows platform? It's technical issues or what else?? I don't completely understand your question. On Windows, you can use socket.ioctl with sockets, and DeviceIoControl (from the pywin32 package) with other files. On Linux, you have fcntl.ioctl that works with any kind of file. Ok, thanks a lot, my question was because I didn't know about fcntl.ioct, I thought that ioctl wrapping was implemented inside socketmodule.c as 'bind', 'connect', 'accept' etc. are, and I was disoriented because no documentation for socket usage on Linux nor the code have references about ioctl, except for windows. I see; socket.ioctl should menction fcntl.ioctl; I'll submit a documentation patch. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
Piet van Oostrum writes:
>> NiklasRTZ (N) wrote:
>
>>N> Thank you. This seems to work:
>>N> sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '),lambda a,b: len(a)-
>>N> len(b))[-1]
>>N> 'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
>
> simpler:
>
> sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '), key=len)[-1]
There is no need to sort the sequence to obtain the largest element.
The max function is designed to do exactly that, and also supports the
key argument:
>>> max("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '), key=len)
'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
--
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Re: I am trying to compile python 2.6.2 on my Mac
On Jul 26, 2009, at 10:37 AM, Chris Rebert wrote: On Sun, Jul 26, 2009 at 1:12 AM, Jessica R Smith wrote: Hello, I am trying to compile Python 2.6.2 on my Mac which has os/x 10.5.7 I downloaded python 2.6.2 from here: - http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.6.2/Python-2.6.2.tar.bz2 I unpacked it. I ran these shell commands: - ./configure --prefix=/pt/p - make Near the end of the make output I see this message: . Failed to find the necessary bits to build these modules: . _bsddb gdbm linuxaudiodev . ossaudiodevreadline spwd . sunaudiodev . To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name. I looked in setup.py in detect_modules() It is not clear to me how to proceed. I think that I want the module: "readline" I doubt I need the other modules like linuxaudiodev, etc. If you have any clues or opinions on how I can build the module "readline", please feel free to share. You need to install the GNU Readline library (http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html), which the module depends on. A better solution would be to configure the modules in question to use the libreadline.dylib library already installed on every Mac OS X computer. You might consider installing Python through MacPorts or Fink instead, as they automate the compilation and installation process and take care of dependencies (such as GNU Readline) for you: http://www.macports.org/ http://www.finkproject.org/ Cheers, Chris -- http://blog.rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list --- See the amazing new SF reel: Invasion of the man eating cucumbers from outer space. On congratulations for a fantastic parody, the producer replies : "What parody?" Tommy Nordgren [email protected] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Looking for a dream language: sounds like Python to me.
On Jul 27, 10:39 am, David Cournapeau wrote: > On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 12:28 AM, Dotan Cohen wrote: > >> It is neither efficient or inefficient: it is just a distribution > >> tool, to deploy python software in a form familiar to most windows > >> users. It does not make it any faster than running the software under > >> a python prompt. > > >> As much as I like python for scientific programming, I would say > >> python is pretty far from the stated requirements in the posted blog > >> post. It is difficult to deploy software written with python (much > >> better than the alternatives, though), and it is slow if you can't > >> leverage numpy/scipy (where vectorization does not apply). > > >> It remains to be seen whether it will be true in practice, but > >> something like F#, with its integration in VS 2010, seems much closer > >> IMHO. It is compiled, high level language, and backed by the biggest > >> software vendor in the world. > > > The blog post is not looking to distribute his code, but he would like > > it to be cross platform for his own reasons. VB is not cross platform. > > I understand his "efficient binary as Ansi C" partially as a > deployment requirement, and independent of cross-platform issues. As a > scientist, being able to share my software with colleagues is a non > trivial matter. Python does not make this easy today. > > F# has nothing to do with VB: F# is a ML-language inspired from OCAML, > and run on top of the CLR. It can thus leverage the huge .net > framework (lack of non numerical API is one of the biggest matlab > hindrance, and comparatively big advantage of python + numpy/scipy), > and benefits from the much more efficient implementation compared to > python (under the currently CPython implementation at least). > > Some recent F# versions are compatible with mono, making it compatible > on most platforms that matter today for research (but of course, you > lose the IDE integration outside windows). > > David- Hide quoted text - > > - Show quoted text - I wish . . . For comparisons, Mathcad has the symbolic notation appropriate for mathematical communications. I like features of Mathematica and Maple but Mathcad provides for the user to 'stay' with mathematical symbolism longer. I prefer Matlab execution environment. So I develop concepts in Mathcad, prove them in Matlab and then compile to through C where direct performance is required. Maple and Matlab have this type of relation. Matlab, from The Mathworks, has a companion product called Simulink. This allows the user to graphically build ‘algorithms’ in block form. There is a similar Python function. Each of these components would best be served if allowed to exist independently but supported with transparent integration. I would like to develop in a stable user environment - a stable GUI. And then allow efficient algorithms behind the scenes. By separating the functionality of the workspace, the user can be given (or create at will) a GUI that suites her desires and provides for the creativity and productivity she chooses. The functionality under the GUI should then be pluggable. Developers can provide solutions from many directions, compete for varying performance requirements, enhance functional features technology changes, and still not disturb the fragile user interface. Allow the user the comfort of home. Let them keep whatever GUI suits them and provide for their deployment (if any) needs behind the scenes. Ray -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
On Jul 28, 7:03 am, Hrvoje Niksic wrote:
> Piet van Oostrum writes:
>
> >> NiklasRTZ (N) wrote:
>
> >>N> Thank you. This seems to work:
> >>N> sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '),lambda a,b: len(a)-
> >>N> len(b))[-1]
> >>N> 'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
>
> > simpler:
>
> > sorted("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '), key=len)[-1]
>
> There is no need to sort the sequence to obtain the largest element.
> The max function is designed to do exactly that, and also supports the
> key argument:
>
> >>> max("a AAA aa a sdfsdfsdfsdf vv".split(' '), key=len)
>
> 'sdfsdfsdfsdf'
Sincere thanks for strengthening python's superior flexibility. Same
function also works around an exploding index problem returning
results for longest word where otherwise a word with whitespace
crashes the index:
all().search(max(q.split(), key=len)).filter("modified >",
timeline).filter("published =", True).filter("modified <=",
bookmark ).order("-modified").fetch(PAGESIZE+1)
Line below crashes the index for words with whitespace (unknown
researchable, only occurs live, works with development)
all().search(q).filter("modified >", timeline).filter("published =",
True).filter("modified <=", bookmark ).order("-modified").fetch
(PAGESIZE+1)
best regards,
Niklas
--
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Re: bad certificate error
On Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:16:39 -0300, Gabriel Genellina wrote: > I don't see the point on "fixing" either the Python script or httplib to > accomodate for an invalid server certificate... If it's just for > internal testing, I'd use HTTP instead (at least until the certificate > is fixed). In real life, sometimes you need to drive with bad brakes on your car, walk down dark alleys in the bad part of town, climb a tree without a safety line, and use a hammer without wearing goggles. We can do all these things. The OP has said that, for whatever reason, he needs to ignore a bad server certificate when connecting to HTTPS. Python is a language where developers are allowed to shoot themselves in the foot, so long as they do so in full knowledge of what they're doing. So, putting aside all the millions of reasons why the OP shouldn't accept an invalid certificate, how can he accept an invalid certificate? -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bad certificate error
jakecjacobson wrote: > > > If I go to this server in my browser, I get a "This server tried to > > > identify itself with invalid information". Is there a way to > > > ignore this issue with Python? Can I setup a trust store and add > > > this server to the trust store? > > > > Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired > > certificate? > > For everyone that wants to discuss why we shouldn't do this, great but > I can't change the fact that I need to do this. I can't use http or > even get a correct cert at this time. This is a quick a dirty project > to demonstrate capability. I need something more than slide show > briefs. I wasn't making a value judgement - I was trying to help! If you can get a bit more information out of the browser as to why the certificate is invalid it may help your python code. Real certificates cost real money. Usually a correctly set up self-signed certificate is fine for dev stuff. I'm certainly too cheap to by real certificates for dev or internal stuff! -- Nick Craig-Wood -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
index nested lists
hi at all, If I have this list: >>> lista ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] if I want enumerate elements...I can see: >>> for parola in lista: print lista[i] i = i + 1 ciao 1 ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'] [1, 2, 3] >>> but, if I want to enumerate elements about nested lists ??, something like: ciao 1 mela pera banana 1 2 3 ...How can I do ?? Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
File and TagPy
Hello,
I have question, is it possible to read tag in tagpy module from file
stream?
For example I have earlier read file:
file = open('some.mp3', 'rb')
and next get tags from it?
Regards,
Konrad
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
FTP Offset larger than file.
I am writing a python script that performs an identical function to
the 'tail' unix utility, except that it connects to its files over
FTP, rather than the local hard disk.
I am currently using this python script to generate an increasing
'logfile' of garbage.
> import time
> for i in range(1, 2):
> time.sleep(0.2)
> print i
> f = open("data1.log","a")
> f.write('%s: This logfile is being automatically generated to help
> Bakes test his python ftptail. \n' % i)
> f.close()
and use this script to actually download it.
>import time
>import os.path
>from ftplib import FTP
>
>#Empty the file
>filename = 'data1.log'
>file = open(filename, 'w')
>file.write('')
>file.close()
>
>def handleDownload(block):
>file.write(block)
>print ".",
>
># Create an instance of the FTP object
># Optionally, you could specify username and password:
>ftp=FTP(host, user, pass)
>
>directory = '/temp'
>ftp.cwd(directory)
>
>file = open(filename, 'a')
>
>for i in range(1,2):
> size=os.path.getsize('data1.log')
> ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + filename, handleDownload, rest=size)
>
>file.close()
>
>print ftp.close()
Now, my problem is that I get a very strange error. What should be
happening is the script gets the size of the local file before
downloading all of the external file after that offset.
The error I get is:
ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size
22852.
451 Restart offset reset to 0
which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file,
by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so
my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going
wrong, can anyone enlighten me?
--
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Internal Math Library of Numpy
Does Numpy use Python's standard math library when calculating elementary functions such as exp(x) and acos(x)? Also, what is the internal library of Numpy and Python's standard math library? Is it platform independent? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: index nested lists
> hi at all, > If I have this list: > > >>> lista > ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] > > if I want enumerate elements...I can see: > > >>> for parola in lista: > print lista[i] > i = i + 1 > > ciao > 1 > ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'] > [1, 2, 3] > >>> > > but, if I want to enumerate elements about nested lists ??, something > like: > > ciao > 1 > mela > pera > banana > 1 > 2 > 3 > > ...How can I do ?? > > Alex > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list You could do something like this. def printNestedList(lst): if isinstance(lst, list): for element in lst: printNestedList(element) else: print lst myList = ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] printNestedList(myList) >>> ciao 1 mela pera banana 1 2 3 Cheers, Drea -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: index nested lists
On 28 Lug, 15:12, "Andreas Tawn" wrote: > > hi at all, > > If I have this list: > > > >>> lista > > ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] > > > if I want enumerate elements...I can see: > > > >>> for parola in lista: > > print lista[i] > > i = i + 1 > > > ciao > > 1 > > ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'] > > [1, 2, 3] > > > but, if I want to enumerate elements about nested lists ??, something > > like: > > > ciao > > 1 > > mela > > pera > > banana > > 1 > > 2 > > 3 > > > ...How can I do ?? > > > Alex > > -- > >http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > > You could do something like this. > > def printNestedList(lst): > if isinstance(lst, list): > for element in lst: > printNestedList(element) > else: > print lst > > myList = ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] > printNestedList(myList) > thanks a lot ! Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python 3 and stringio.seek
Hi list, I'm trying to port a my library to python 3, but I have a problem with a the stringio.seek: the method not accept anymore a value like pos=-6 mode=1, but the "old" (2.X) version yes... The error: File "/home/devel/Py3/lib/python3.0/io.py", line 2031, in seek return self._seek(pos, whence) IOError: Can't do nonzero cur-relative seeks How solve this? Thanks, MIchele -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gracefully exiting CLI application
On Mon, 27 Jul 2009 22:35:01 +0200, David wrote: > I am writing a command line application, and I need to perform some > cleaning on exit even if the process is killed. How can I do that with > python? Killed by what means? Ctrl-C sends SIGINT which is converted to a KeyboardInterrupt exception. This can be caught, or if it's allowed to terminate the process, any exit handlers registered via atexit.register() will be used. For other signals, you can install a handler with signal.signal(). This can call sys.exit() or raise an exception (e.g. KeyboardInterrupt). OTOH, if the process is terminated by SIGKILL, there's nothing you can do about it. And although it's possible to trap SIGSEGV, you shouldn't assume that the Python interpreter is still functional at this point. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: index nested lists
Alex wrote: On 28 Lug, 15:12, "Andreas Tawn" wrote: hi at all, If I have this list: lista ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] if I want enumerate elements...I can see: for parola in lista: print lista[i] i = i + 1 ciao 1 ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'] [1, 2, 3] but, if I want to enumerate elements about nested lists ??, something like: ciao 1 mela pera banana 1 2 3 ...How can I do ?? Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list You could do something like this. def printNestedList(lst): if isinstance(lst, list): for element in lst: printNestedList(element) else: print lst myList = ['ciao', 1, ['mela', 'pera', 'banana'], [1, 2, 3]] printNestedList(myList) thanks a lot ! Alex One hidden suggestion in Andreas answer is to write your code in english, if you can :o) JM -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bad certificate error
On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:35:55 -0700 (PDT), jakecjacobson wrote: [snip] "Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired certificate?" It is a server name mismatch. Python 2.4 is not capable of allowing you to customize this verification behavior. It is hard coded to let OpenSSL make the decision about whether to accept the certificate or not. Either M2Crypto or pyOpenSSL will let you ignore verification errors. The new ssl module in Python 2.6 may also as well. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bad certificate error
On Jul 28, 9:48 am, Jean-Paul Calderone wrote: > On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:35:55 -0700 (PDT), jakecjacobson > wrote: > > [snip] > > >"Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired > >certificate?" It is a server name mismatch. > > Python 2.4 is not capable of allowing you to customize this verification > behavior. It is hard coded to let OpenSSL make the decision about whether > to accept the certificate or not. > > Either M2Crypto or pyOpenSSL will let you ignore verification errors. The > new ssl module in Python 2.6 may also as well. > > Jean-Paul Thanks, I will look into these suggestions. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
I am trying to build python 2.6.2 from the source by following the instructions in README that comes with the source. The configure and make steps are fine, but there is an error in "make install" step. This "make install" attempts to build a lot of lib, and it complains about the lack of "unicodedata" shared object, I looked at the source tree and the build result, unicodedata.so does not exist. I further notice that in Modules/Setup.dist, the line for unicodedata.c is commented out by default. So I uncomment it, and experiment with rebuilding everything. This time, with or without re-configure, the "make" step failed with a link-time error when linking for libpython2.6.a due to "undefined reference to 'initunicodedata'. This symbol is defined in unicodedata.c, but unicodedata.o is not used in linking for libpython2.6.a, hence the error. So this is a problem in the generated Makefile. Does anyone know what special things I have to do to avoid such error? Is there any known problems in the configure/make files in the python 2.6.2 source code that require special patch? Is unicodedata.c really needed in python 2.6.2? If it is needed, why it is commented out by default in Modules/Setup.dist? If it is not needed, why "make install" attempts to use it in compiling the libraries? Why those libraries are not designed to be compiled in the make step, but in the install step? Thanks for your help! - Weidong -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
On Jul 28, 9:54 am, Weidong wrote: > I am trying to build python 2.6.2 from the source by following the > instructions in README that comes with the source. The configure and > make steps are fine, but there is an error in "make install" step. > This "make install" attempts to build a lot of lib, and it complains > about the lack of "unicodedata" shared object, > > I looked at the source tree and the build result, unicodedata.so does > not exist. I further notice that in Modules/Setup.dist, the line for > unicodedata.c is commented out by default. So I uncomment it, and > experiment with rebuilding everything. > > This time, with or without re-configure, the "make" step failed with a > link-time error when linking for libpython2.6.a due to "undefined > reference to 'initunicodedata'. This symbol is defined in > unicodedata.c, but unicodedata.o is not used in linking for > libpython2.6.a, hence the error. So this is a problem in the > generated Makefile. > > Does anyone know what special things I have to do to avoid such > error? Is there any known problems in the configure/make files in the > python 2.6.2 source code that require special patch? > > Is unicodedata.c really needed in python 2.6.2? If it is needed, why > it is commented out by default in Modules/Setup.dist? If it is not > needed, why "make install" attempts to use it in compiling the > libraries? Why those libraries are not designed to be compiled in the > make step, but in the install step? > > Thanks for your help! > > - Weidong To add some info: This experiment was done on Linux, Ubuntu 8.x. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: len() should always return something
On Friday 24 July 2009 11:58:36 am Phillip M. Feldman wrote: > I've been converting Matlab codes to Python. In Matlab, a scalar is just a > one-by-one matrix and has a length of 1. This convention seems no less > arbitrary to me than Python's convention that the concept of length is not > applicable to ints and floats. Are you sure it isn't? (as opposed to being tainted by matlab?). Almost everywhere, a scalar and a tuple are different things. How many elements are "inside" the number 7? If you assume that 7 is a matrix, why should it be a two-dimensional matrix? Why not a vector, or a three dimensional matrix instead? (I don't use matlab, but in octave, size(7) returns [1,1], not [1] or [1,1,1,1]). That seems even more arbitrary to me. Of course, in a language like Matlab, that assumes that everything is a matrix, it makes sense for scalars to be mapped to a useful matrices. But that assumption is not natural. Even pure math makes a difference between scalars and vectors. Matrix x Matrix multiplication is not always defined (even when the second matrix contains exactly one element), while Matrix x Scalar always is. (Octave, btw, will demote a two-dimensional 1x1 matrix to a scalar for Matrix multiplication, which may hide errors) If you are converting from matlab, I'd say you have biggest things to worry about. As you said, you can just replace the len function (even safer may be to do [1]). Assignment, for instance, is /very/ different. > If there is only a single measurement, it is reasonable to allow the calling > program to pass a scalar without wrapping it up into a list or array. I try to avoid those automatic conversions, on the long run, I believe that most of them make the code more confusing for the caller. If you feel that you must allow that, my suggestion would be to create a method that will ensure that what you receive is a list (or whatever) and coerce its argument if not, and call that one at the beginning of your methods. Regards, [1] this will define len for any object, not only int and floats. === def size(x): try: return len(x) except TypeError: return 1,1 === -- Luis Zarrabeitia (aka Kyrie) Fac. de Matemática y Computación, UH. http://profesores.matcom.uh.cu/~kyrie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
Bakes writes: > The error I get is: > ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size > 22852. > 451 Restart offset reset to 0 > which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file, > by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so > my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going > wrong, can anyone enlighten me? I'd say you failed to take buffering into account. You write into a buffered file, yet you use os.path.getsize() to find out the current file size. If the data is not yet flushed, you keep re-reading the same stuff from the remote file, and writing it out. Once the buffer is flushed, your file will contain more data than was retrieved from the remote side, and eventually this will result in the error you see. As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jul 28)
QOTW: "But there's another principle at work here that's less well known, and that was first articulated to me by Robert Dewar: You can remove linear factors by profiling, but it's much harder to undo bad algorithmic decisions. In particular, whether a program runs in O(n) or O(n^2) sometimes depends on decisions that have to be frozen fairly early in the design." - Andrew Koenig Comparing the performance of the same algorithm using many compilers: CPython, psyco, Cython, ShedSkin, Unladen Swallow, Java, C and D: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/8d793c46903cc0b6/ MRAB has written a new implementation of re module with many new features, and he's looking for feedback: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/16c139b0a52ab023/ Importing two modules with the same name from different directories: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/3cb83a30e1b2c202/ Cleanly exiting an application, even if it gets killed by a signal: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/d60b8e0d93aeaaf9/ How can a child thread notify a parent thread of its status? http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/d1d7f55716aacedc/ How to attach a docstring to global constants/variables? http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/ac54186ad873036a/ In Python -unlike other languages- it does not make sense to treat numbers (scalars) as vectors of length 1: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/3ef498c906bd7e2d/ isinstance may take a tuple of types as its second argument: why a tuple, and not a list, or a set? http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2009-July/721205.html How to overcome the normal 2GB allocation limit of Windows XP, 32bits: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/59851df6e54f9ef0/ Distinguishing active generators from exhausted ones: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/9ff179e8cb5e9bc/ Peter Otten must be, undoubtedly, Sherlock Holmes reincarnated: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/838177c8a37d2b7c/ And Piet van Oostrum is not much behind him: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/d1f8627413cd3c4e/ Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in these pages: Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional center of Pythonia http://www.python.org Notice especially the master FAQ http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the marvelous daily python url http://www.pythonware.com/daily Just beginning with Python? This page is a great place to start: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers The Python Papers aims to publish "the efforts of Python enthusiasts": http://pythonpapers.org/ The Python Magazine is a technical monthly devoted to Python: http://pythonmagazine.com Readers have recommended the "Planet" sites: http://planetpython.org http://planet.python.org comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software. Be sure to scan this newsgroup weekly. http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python.announce/topics Python411 indexes "podcasts ... to help people learn Python ..." Updates appear more-than-weekly: http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html The Python Package Index catalogues packages. http://www.python.org/pypi/ Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group mailing lists http://www.python.org/sigs/ Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're subject with a vision of what the language makes practical. http://www.pythonology.com/success The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python Consortium as an independent nexus of activity. It has official responsibility for Python's development and maintenance. http://www.python.org/psf/ Among the ways you can support PSF is with a donation. http://www.python.org/psf/donations/ The Summary of Python Tracker Issues is an automatically generated report summarizing new bugs, closed ones, and patch submissions. http://search.gmane.org/?author=status%40bugs.python.org&group=gmane.comp.python.devel&sort=date Although unmaintained since 2002, the Cetus collection of Python hyperlinks retains a
Re: Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
Weidong schrieb: > I am trying to build python 2.6.2 from the source by following the > instructions in README that comes with the source. The configure and > make steps are fine, but there is an error in "make install" step. > This "make install" attempts to build a lot of lib, and it complains > about the lack of "unicodedata" shared object, unicodedata is usually build as a shared library and not linked into the Python core. How did you configure Python? The usual prodecure is: ./configure make sudo make install On Unix the preferred option for ./configure is "--enable-unicode=ucs4". Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
On 28 July, 15:01, Hrvoje Niksic wrote: > Bakes writes: > > The error I get is: > > ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size > > 22852. > > 451 Restart offset reset to 0 > > which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file, > > by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so > > my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going > > wrong, can anyone enlighten me? > > I'd say you failed to take buffering into account. You write into a > buffered file, yet you use os.path.getsize() to find out the current > file size. If the data is not yet flushed, you keep re-reading the same > stuff from the remote file, and writing it out. Once the buffer is > flushed, your file will contain more data than was retrieved from the > remote side, and eventually this will result in the error you see. > > As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the > file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help understanding the decisions *behind* python?
On Friday 24 July 2009 11:07:30 am Inky 788 wrote:
> On Jul 23, 3:42 am, Hendrik van Rooyen
> > if you think it is contrived, then please consider how you would
> > keep track of say the colour of a pixel on a screen at position
> > (x,y) - this is about the simplest "natural" tuple format and
> > example.
>
> My guess is that this is probably the way most people do it:
[...]
> def make_array_of_pixels(num_columns, num_rows):
[...]
If you need to hold /every/ pixel on the screen, it makes sense to have a
bidimentional array of points and colors. But if you need to hold a
non-rectangular subset, or even a subset that doesn't need to be rectangular,
you can either use dicts, or ... do what you did. Most people will use the
less contrived version of:
screen = {}
screen[1,2] = (rand(), rand(), rand())
(btw, in your make_a_pixel function, unless you want to make the pixels
updatable in place, you should also be using a tuple).
Sparse datasets are extremely common, and dicts are a good way to
[temporarily] store them.
As someone mentioned before, dictionaries are essential to python. Don't go
out of your way to avoid them, unless you have a /reason/ to do it.
Btw,
def get_color(point):
return screen[point]
is way more readable (and less obscure) than
def get_color(point):
return rows_of_pixels[point[0]][point[1]]
Regards,
--
Luis Zarrabeitia (aka Kyrie)
Fac. de Matemática y Computación, UH.
http://profesores.matcom.uh.cu/~kyrie
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: initializing with empty list as default causes freaky problems
Quoting Reckoner : > Hi, > > Observe the following: > > In [202]: class Foo(): >.: def __init__(self,h=[]): >.: self.h=h [...] > In [207]: f.h.append(10) > > In [208]: f.h > Out[208]: [10] > > In [209]: g.h > Out[209]: [10] > > The question is: why is g.h updated when I append to f.h? Shouldn't > g.h stay []? What you are seeing is basically the same that happens here: === In [1]: def f(l=[]): ...: l.append(1) ...: print l ...: In [2]: f() [1] In [3]: f() [1, 1] In [4]: f() [1, 1, 1] === The problem is that the default value "[]" is evaluated only once, at function creation time, and not at invocation. Thus, every call to the function shares the same default object. That is consistent with python's function type: the "def" construct just creates a function object and initializes it with the code, argument list and default values. That means that the default value are part of the function object itself, regardless of when/if it is called: === In [5]: f.func_defaults Out[5]: ([1, 1, 1],) === The recommended way of dealing with this case (mutable default arguments) is: def f(l = None): if l is None: l = [] # the code goes here. (in your case, your g.__init__ and f.__init__ methods share the same Foo.__init__ function, and thus, share the same default value []) That is a very common python gotcha, and I think it is well documented in the standard doc (but I can't find it right now, sorry). Unfortunately, it doesn't become intuitive until you've spent a while understanding python's execution model (and then you suddenly realize that it just makes sense). [And now I wonder... how other languages do it? I've spent so much time with python that reevaluating the default argument on invocation feels clumsy, but I'm obviously tainted now...] Regards, -- Luis Zarrabeitia Facultad de Matemática y Computación, UH http://profesores.matcom.uh.cu/~kyrie -- Participe en Universidad 2010, del 8 al 12 de febrero de 2010 La Habana, Cuba http://www.universidad2010.cu -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
On 28 July, 15:18, Bakes wrote: > On 28 July, 15:01, Hrvoje Niksic wrote: > > > > > Bakes writes: > > > The error I get is: > > > ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size > > > 22852. > > > 451 Restart offset reset to 0 > > > which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file, > > > by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so > > > my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going > > > wrong, can anyone enlighten me? > > > I'd say you failed to take buffering into account. You write into a > > buffered file, yet you use os.path.getsize() to find out the current > > file size. If the data is not yet flushed, you keep re-reading the same > > stuff from the remote file, and writing it out. Once the buffer is > > flushed, your file will contain more data than was retrieved from the > > remote side, and eventually this will result in the error you see. > > > As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the > > file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. > > Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. Actually, no it didn't. That fix works seamlessly in Linux, but gave the same error in a Windows environment. Is that expected? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Looking for a dream language: sounds like Python to me.
Matlab, from The Mathworks, has a companion product called Simulink. This allows the user to graphically build ‘algorithms’ in block form. There is a similar Python function. Where can I find a Python functionality like simulink ? thanks, Stef Mientki -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Internal Math Library of Numpy
On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 10:09 PM, Nanime Puloski wrote: > Does Numpy use Python's standard math library when calculating > elementary functions such as exp(x) and acos(x)? It depends on the dtype: for fundamental types (float, int, etc...), the underlying implementation is whatever the (C) math library provides. If the functionality is not there, we have our own custom implementation (but exp and acos happen to be mandatory - if they are not detected, the build fail). > Also, what is the > internal library of Numpy and Python's standard math library? Is it > platform independent? I don't know for python, but for numpy, we have our own math library on top of whatever the platform provides (which is not much on windows, for example). There is an ongoing effort in numpy to provides a portable, pure C (independent of the python runtime) math library. The goal is to have a portable C99 math library, and more later hopefully. cheers, David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
Aahz wrote: In article , MRAB wrote: I've been working on a new implementation of the re module. The details are at http://bugs.python.org/issue2636, specifically from http://bugs.python.org/issue2636#msg90954. I've included a .pyd file for Python 2.6 on Windows if you want to try it out. How does it handle the re module's unit tests? Basically, it passes all those tests I expect it to pass. :-) It fails those where the intended behaviour has changed, such as re.sub treating unmatched groups as empty strings, as requested in http://bugs.python.org/issue1519638. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Monday 27 July 2009 16:49:25 Aahz wrote: In article , Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Sunday 26 July 2009 21:26:46 David Robinow wrote: I'm a mediocre programmer. Does this mean I should switch to PHP? I have searched, but I can find nothing about this mediocre language. Could you tell us more? :-P (For anyone who is confused by Hendrik's humor, he is saying that David was referring to a programming language named "mediocre". English grammar is confusing!) This is true - I intended, when I started the post, to make a crack about how he knew that he was mediocre - If there were some exam or test that you have to pass or fail to be able to make the claim to mediocrity. I was imagining a sort of devil's rating scale for programmers, that could cause one to say things like: "I am studying hard so that I can get my mediocre certificate, and one day I hope to reach hacker rank". And then the similarity to "I am a COBOL programmer" struck me, and I abandoned the ratings. If you were a "COBOL" programmer, would you want to shout about it? :-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
need help using Tkinter
i wanted to ask you if one of you could help me to use Tkinter. i'm trying
to just create a simple GUI for which I have provided the code for below.
# Simple GUI
# Demonstrates creating a window
from Tkinter import *
# create the root window
root = Tk ()
# modify the window
root.title("Simple GUI")
root.geometry("200x100")
# kick off the window's event loop
root.mainloop()
i saved the file as both simple_gui.py and simple_gui.pyw. when i try to run
simple_gui.pyw i don't get anything and when i try to run simple_gui.py i
get the following:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python-Study\Chapter10\simple_gui.py", line 4, in
ImportError: No module named Tkinter
i tried to google search this and there were some threads that were saying
to install tcl but that does not work. I did check the Lib directory under
the Python directory and I did not see a Tkinter module anywhere which I
think is the problem. Do you know how I would go about with getting this
module and if that is not the problem or if you think it might be caused by
something else, can you please give me some guidance? i even reinstalled
python 3.1 which i got from www.python.org. i still do not see the Tkinter
module in the lib directory. thank you for all your help.
manzur
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSDL and XML generation
Hi you can generate the WSDl with soaplib [1], and you can view web.py or django for this: for web.py -> http://webpy.org/cookbook/webservice for django -> http://www.djangosnippets.org/snippets/979/ [1]=> http://trac.optio.webfactional.com/ > Hi all > Newbie in Python, i am looking for some pointers (or better existing > modules) to do the followings: > > - generate (correct) XML messages from a WSDL file > - make some modifications inside XML messages *before* sending them to > the server hosting the Web services (described by previously > mentionned WSDL file) > - parse the answer. > > Some ideas ? > Thanks in advance > Stephane > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list signature.asc Description: Digital signature -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help using Tkinter
Manzur Ahmed wrote:
i wanted to ask you if one of you could help me to use Tkinter. i'm
trying to just create a simple GUI for which I have provided the code
for below.
# Simple GUI
# Demonstrates creating a window
from Tkinter import *
# create the root window
root = Tk ()
# modify the window
root.title("Simple GUI")
root.geometry("200x100")
# kick off the window's event loop
root.mainloop()
i saved the file as both simple_gui.py and simple_gui.pyw. when i try to
run simple_gui.pyw i don't get anything and when i try to run
simple_gui.py i get the following:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python-Study\Chapter10\simple_gui.py", line 4, in
ImportError: No module named Tkinter
i tried to google search this and there were some threads that were
saying to install tcl but that does not work. I did check the Lib
directory under the Python directory and I did not see a Tkinter module
anywhere which I think is the problem. Do you know how I would go about
with getting this module and if that is not the problem or if you think
it might be caused by something else, can you please give me some
guidance? i even reinstalled python 3.1 which i got from www.python.org
Re: M2Crypto hangs on this URL
Martin P. Hellwig wrote: John Nagle wrote: John Nagle wrote: John Nagle wrote: There's something strange about this URL: "https://sagar310.pontins.com/sraep/"; ... It looks to me like the SSL handshake is not done properly from the server side. Compare the output of: openssl s_client -host sagar310.pontins.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg With (for example): openssl s_client -host www.google.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg OpenSSL is clearly not happy with that site. But it doesn't hang. openssl s_client -host sagar310.pontins.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg eventually prints "Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain)" That's weird, because there's a Verisign certificate in the chain. That site is somehow mishandling its certs. My problem, though, is that M2Crypto 0.17 is hanging for hours to days on those connections. John Nagle -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
Bakes writes: >> > As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the >> > file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. >> >> Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. > > Actually, no it didn't. That fix works seamlessly in Linux, but gave > the same error in a Windows environment. Is that expected? Consider opening the file in binary mode, by passing the 'wb' and 'ab' modes to open instead of 'w' and 'a' respectively. On Windows, python (and other languages) will convert '\n' to '\r\n' on write. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
On Jul 28, 10:17 am, Christian Heimes wrote: > unicodedatais usually build as a shared library and not linked into the > Python core. How did you configure Python? The usual prodecure is: > > ./configure > make > sudo make install > > On Unix the preferred option for ./configure is "--enable-unicode=ucs4". > > Christian Thanks for your response! I configured it in the same way as you said, but without "--enable-unicode=ucs4". The ocnfig.log shows that checking for UCS-4 was failed. So I assume that by default UCS-2 was used. There was no other problme in the "make" step. The problem was in the "sudo make install" step, where there were errors in building libraries / test libraries that need unicodedata.so which did not exist. I also tried to use "make -i" to let it complete the building to ignore that error. In the end, I still did not see unicodedata.so in the build result. It seems that the Makefile did not even try to build unicodedata.so. Maybe something went wrong in my configuration? - Weidong -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Wrapping prstat on Solaris
On Jul 27, 10:26 am, [email protected] wrote: > At work we currently use top to monitor ongoing system utilization on our > Solaris systems. As time has moved on though, use of top has become > problematic. Our admins want us to switch to prstat, Sun's top-like > command. It works fine however doesn't emit a timestamp at each display > interval, so it's essentially impossible looking at a prstat output > file to determine when the particular "screen" was emitted. > > If figured, "No problem. I'll just write a little wrapper." Alas, that is > proving harder than I thought. I can run prstat directing output to a file > and it seems to blast out a block of lines every N seconds, but when run > from inside a Python script I can't seem to make the damn thing not > massively buffer its output. Accordingly, my script doesn't really see the > output as its emitted, so the timestamp line it prepends to a block of > output is off. > > I'm currently using subprocess.Popen like so: > > os.environ["TERM"] = "dumb" > cmd = "prstat -c %s" % " ".join(sys.argv[1:]) > pipe = Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=1, stdout=PIPE).stdout > > I've tried these other variants as well: > > * prefacing the prstat command with unbuffer (the tcl/expect thingamabob) > > * explicitly redirect the prstat output to /dev/stdout > > * setting bufsize to 0 > > * used os.popen instead of Subprocess.Popen > > Nothing seems to help. I always seem to see about 30 seconds of data at > once (I'm currently using a 5-second interval and 10 lines of output). I > would have expected that prstat would simply flush stdout after each block > of output. > > Any ideas about how to get prstat to cooperate better? > > Thanks, > > -- > Skip Montanaro - [email protected] -http://www.smontanaro.net/ > That's more than a dress. That's an Audrey Hepburn movie. -- Jerry Maguire Hey Skip, You haven't told us how you are actually reading from prstat's output pipe, which may be the cause. For instance, if you are doing for line in pipe: print line ... then this could cause your buffering issue. Instead try using readline(): while True: line = pipe.readline() ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python as active script
I'm using Activestate python, For older version of python, I know that we can register python as active script by registering it through win32comext.axscript.client pyscript.py And to do that I need to change something in this pyscript.py before running pyscript_rexec.py(http://fastq.com/~sckitching/Python/ win32_activeX_pyscript.htm), but I can't find similar thing with python 2.6.2 I can't find the line that need to be changed. Can someone kindly show me how to enable python26 as an active script for IE? Thanks, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: The longest word
On Jul 28, 7:55 am, NiklasRTZ wrote: > Sincere thanks for strengthening python's superior flexibility. Same > function also works around an exploding index problem returning > results for longest word where otherwise a word with whitespace > crashes the index: Babelfish? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
Bakes wrote: On 28 July, 15:18, Bakes wrote: On 28 July, 15:01, Hrvoje Niksic wrote: Bakes writes: The error I get is: ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size 22852. 451 Restart offset reset to 0 which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file, by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going wrong, can anyone enlighten me? I'd say you failed to take buffering into account. You write into a buffered file, yet you use os.path.getsize() to find out the current file size. If the data is not yet flushed, you keep re-reading the same stuff from the remote file, and writing it out. Once the buffer is flushed, your file will contain more data than was retrieved from the remote side, and eventually this will result in the error you see. As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. Actually, no it didn't. That fix works seamlessly in Linux, but gave the same error in a Windows environment. Is that expected? This is a text file you're transferring. And you didn't specify "wb". So the Windows size will be larger than the Unix size, since you're expanding the newline characters. getsize() is looking at the size after newlines are expanded to 0d0a, while The remote file, presumably a Unix system likely has just has 0a. I think you'd do best just keeping track of the bytes you've written. DaveA -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
Weidong wrote: > Thanks for your response! I configured it in the same way as you > said, but without "--enable-unicode=ucs4". The ocnfig.log shows that > checking for UCS-4 was failed. So I assume that by default UCS-2 was > used. There was no other problme in the "make" step. Correct > The problem was in the "sudo make install" step, where there were > errors in building libraries / test libraries that need unicodedata.so > which did not exist. 'make install' shouldn't compile any libraries if you run 'make' prior to 'make install'. I suggest you start again with a clean build tree of Python 2.6.2. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
On 27 Jul., 21:27, Wolfgang Rohdewald wrote:
> how do I compile _regex.c on Linux?
This simple setup.py file should do the trick:
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
setup(name='regex',
version='1.0',
py_modules = ['regex'],
ext_modules=[Extension('_regex', ['_regex.c'])],
)
Also, you need to copy "unicodedata_db.h" from the "Modules" directory
of the Python source tree to your working directory, since this file
apparently is not installed into the include directory of a Python
installation.
I get an error for Python 2.5 on Mac OS X 10.4 and Linux though. Seems
that the module is not compatible with Python 2.5.
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
lipo: can't figure out the architecture type of: /var/tmp//
ccT3oDXD.out
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
resp. on Linux:
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: warning: implicit declaration of function 'Py_TYPE'
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
_regex.c: In function 'get_match_replacement':
_regex.c:2900: warning: implicit declaration of function
'PyLong_AsSsize_t'
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
With the official Python 2.6 distribution for Mac OS X it works.
Chris
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
Christopher Arndt wrote:
On 27 Jul., 21:27, Wolfgang Rohdewald wrote:
how do I compile _regex.c on Linux?
This simple setup.py file should do the trick:
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
setup(name='regex',
version='1.0',
py_modules = ['regex'],
ext_modules=[Extension('_regex', ['_regex.c'])],
)
Also, you need to copy "unicodedata_db.h" from the "Modules" directory
of the Python source tree to your working directory, since this file
apparently is not installed into the include directory of a Python
installation.
I get an error for Python 2.5 on Mac OS X 10.4 and Linux though. Seems
that the module is not compatible with Python 2.5.
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
lipo: can't figure out the architecture type of: /var/tmp//
ccT3oDXD.out
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
resp. on Linux:
_regex.c: In function 'getstring':
_regex.c:2425: warning: implicit declaration of function 'Py_TYPE'
_regex.c:2425: error: invalid type argument of '->'
_regex.c: In function 'get_match_replacement':
_regex.c:2900: warning: implicit declaration of function
'PyLong_AsSsize_t'
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
With the official Python 2.6 distribution for Mac OS X it works.
The source code is intended to replace the current 're' module in Python
2.7 (and I'll be porting it to Python 3.2), so I'm not that worried
about Python versions earlier than 2.6 for testing, although if there's
sufficient need then I could tweak the sources for 2.5.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Language detector for Python using en-gram.
One of my friend suggested me to do a language detector for python.At present the language detector in python is in uni-gram mode and i have planned to do it in en-gram mode.Kindly give me your suggestion as i am doing this as my final year project. With Anticipation, Varun V. Kumar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: M2Crypto hangs on this URL
John Nagle wrote: Martin P. Hellwig wrote: John Nagle wrote: John Nagle wrote: John Nagle wrote: There's something strange about this URL: "https://sagar310.pontins.com/sraep/"; ... It looks to me like the SSL handshake is not done properly from the server side. Compare the output of: openssl s_client -host sagar310.pontins.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg With (for example): openssl s_client -host www.google.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg OpenSSL is clearly not happy with that site. But it doesn't hang. openssl s_client -host sagar310.pontins.com -port 443 -debug -showcerts -msg eventually prints "Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain)" That's weird, because there's a Verisign certificate in the chain. That site is somehow mishandling its certs. My problem, though, is that M2Crypto 0.17 is hanging for hours to days on those connections. John Nagle Well it hanged when I tried it, however the site now does return something when using Firefox, so I assume somebody is doing some work there or the server decided to do something else. -- MPH http://blog.dcuktec.com 'If consumed, best digested with added seasoning to own preference.' -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Gracefully exiting CLI application
Il Tue, 28 Jul 2009 14:31:56 +0100, Nobody ha scritto: > Killed by what means? > > Ctrl-C sends SIGINT which is converted to a KeyboardInterrupt exception. > This can be caught, or if it's allowed to terminate the process, any exit > handlers registered via atexit.register() will be used. > > For other signals, you can install a handler with signal.signal(). This > can call sys.exit() or raise an exception (e.g. KeyboardInterrupt). > > OTOH, if the process is terminated by SIGKILL, there's nothing you can do > about it. And although it's possible to trap SIGSEGV, you shouldn't assume > that the Python interpreter is still functional at this point. I'm really sorry guys, I forgot to mention that the platform is win32, where there is minimal support to signals. Anyway I've found a solution with win32api.SetConsoleCtrlHandler that installs a event handler which traps all windows events, CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT, CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT, and CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT included. David. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
C function taking double pointer to a structure variable as OUTPUT parameter
Hi, Everyone,
I am a newbie to both Swig and Python. I am trying to export a set of C APIs to
Python.
My C function is
int getInfor( char* name, int height, int weight, Infor** infor) //where infor
is an OUTPUT parameter
{
..
*infor = (Infor*)malloc(sizeof(Infor));
..
}
The declare of structure Infor is :
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int height;
int weight;
} Infor
When wrote the below lines in the interface file named Extest.i
%module Extest
%{
#include "Extest.h"
%}
%typemap(out) Infor **OUTPUT {Infor **c}
%apply int *OUTPUT {int *c}
%include "Extest.h"
And then, How to write testing python file to call the function named
getInfor()?
such as in test.py
infor = Extest.Infor()
res = Extest.getInfor("Test Name", 175, 80, infor)
when run upper's test.py, Error occured. The message is
TypeError: in method 'getInfor', argument 4 of type 'Infor **'
How to write the test.py to transfer the 'Infor **' type's parameter?
After putting lot of trail and errors, I am writing this mail.
Could you please help me to write the test.py or swig interface file for the
above function?
Thank you,
jemmy
Awaiting you--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
Xah Lee wrote: PHP is functional. PHP is functional, as in "it functions!". PHP is not functional, as in "it ain't functions!" -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Discovery IP in connection
Thanks, all! I didn't tried to print addr. :-( sorry all. I'm learning python yet. Thanks again ! On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 8:23 PM, Piet van Oostrum wrote: >> Djames Suhanko (DS) wrote: > >>DS> Hello,all! >>DS> I wrote a little programa that listening UDP packets. A can receive >>DS> the messages, but I can't see the the origin IP. >>DS> How can I to get the remote IP address in connection? > > What do you think the addr is for in > data, addr = mySocket.recvfrom(100)? > >>DS> My source: > >>DS> #!/usr/bin/env python >>DS> import socket >>DS> mySocket = socket.socket ( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM ) >>DS> mySocket.bind ( ( '', 514 ) ) > >>DS> data, addr = mySocket.recvfrom(100) >>DS> print data > > -- > Piet van Oostrum > URL: http://pietvanoostrum.com [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4] > Private email: [email protected] > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- Djames Suhanko LinuxUser 158.760 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: bad certificate error
> jakecjacobson (j) wrote: >j> On Jul 28, 9:48 am, Jean-Paul Calderone wrote: >>> On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:35:55 -0700 (PDT), jakecjacobson >>> wrote: >>> > [snip] >>> >>> >"Invalid how? Self signed certificate? Domain mismatch? Expired >>> >certificate?" It is a server name mismatch. >>> >>> Python 2.4 is not capable of allowing you to customize this verification >>> behavior. It is hard coded to let OpenSSL make the decision about whether >>> to accept the certificate or not. >>> >>> Either M2Crypto or pyOpenSSL will let you ignore verification errors. The >>> new ssl module in Python 2.6 may also as well. >>> >>> Jean-Paul >j> Thanks, I will look into these suggestions. >j> # cert_file is a PEM formatted certificate chain file. >j> connection = httplib.HTTPSConnection(host, int(port), key_file, >j> cert_file) What happens if you set cert_file to None? This would indicate that you are not interested in the server's certificate. By the way, is the cert_file you supply the certificate of the CA that signed the server's cert (in contrast to yours)? -- Piet van Oostrum URL: http://pietvanoostrum.com [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4] Private email: [email protected] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[ANN] Pyjamas 0.6pre2 Python Web Widget Set and Javascript Compiler
http://pyjs.org this is a pre-release announcement, 0.6pre2, of the pyjamas widget set and python-to-javascript compiler. there are over 110 entries in the CHANGELOG since the last stable release, 0.5p1, and so it was deemed sensible to invite people to test this version before its next stable release, 0.6. pyjamas, being a port of GWT to python, comprises four main components: * a stand-alone python-to-javascript compiler * a desktop-based wrapper around python-xpcom or pywebkitgtk * a browser "DOM" model wrapper interface * a widget set similar to pygtk2 / pyqt4, based on DOM manipulation significantly in the 0.6 series, pyjamas-desktop has been incorporated into the build: "python Hello.py" will start a stand-alone app (just as you would with pygtk2 or pyqt4) and "pyjsbuild Hello" will compile the javascript version(s). the combination means that pyjamas can run python applications - unmodified - in all major web browsers, or on the desktop (using gecko or webkit) in a similar fashion to adobe AIR. in the javascript version: somewhere along the line, a massive performance hit was introduced by accident. this has now been fixed. however, random desperate attempts to improve performance, before the mistake was corrected, mean that the pyjamas 0.6pre2 python-to-javascript compiler produces code that is stunningly quick. also in the 0.6pre2 release, "strict" python options have now been introduced, so that developers can expect much more support for the standard python 2.5 / 2.6 language semantics. the "-O" option disables many of these features, bringing a quite significant speed increase, by sacrificing python compatibility. that's just the way it has to be. downloads can be found by following the links from http://pyjs.org - sourceforge, code.google.com, pypi, all the usual places. lastly - thank you to everyone who's helped with pyjamas: bernd, bernd, jurgen, christian, kees, ondrej and many more, and especially thank you to the people who helped out by pointing out bugs in the 0.6pre1 release, please keep it up! l. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
instead of depending on data = array('h') .. write samples 1 by 1 to w = wave.open("wav.wav", "w")
it says
Wave_write.writeframes(data)
will that mean
"from array import array"
is a must?
this does the job:
import oil
import wave
from array import array
a = oil.Sa()
w = wave.open("current.wav", "w")
w.setnchannels(2)
w.setsampwidth(2)
w.setframerate(44100)
data = array('h')
for gas in range(44100 * 5):
a.breath()
r = int(32767 * (a.pulse(1) + a.pulse(2) + a.pulse(3)) / 3.0)
l = int(32767 * (a.pulse(4) + a.pulse(5) + a.pulse(6)) / 3.0)
data.append(r)
data.append(l)
w.writeframes(data.tostring())
w.close()
don't like array becoming so huge so tested this and it was also okay:
for gas in range(44100 * 5):
a.breath()
data = array('h')
r = int(32767 * (a.pulse(1) + a.pulse(2) + a.pulse(3)) / 3.0)
l = int(32767 * (a.pulse(4) + a.pulse(5) + a.pulse(6)) / 3.0)
data.append(r)
data.append(l)
w.writeframes(data.tostring())
but without array .. it becomes 15secs(3 times longer than was
intended to be) of wav file:
for gas in range(44100 * 5):
a.breath()
r = int(32767 * (a.pulse(1) + a.pulse(2) + a.pulse(3)) / 3.0)
l = int(32767 * (a.pulse(4) + a.pulse(5) + a.pulse(6)) / 3.0)
w.writeframes(hex(r))
w.writeframes(hex(l))
should i just be happy with depennding on using array?
or is there a solution to make the last one work properly?
tia
--
SaRiGaMa's Oil Vending Orchestra
is podcasting:
http://sarigama.namaste.jp/podcast/rss.xml
and supplying oil.py for free:
http://oilpy.blogspot.com/
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http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
xlrd - insert column?
Does xlrd have the capability to insert a column? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
On 28-07-2009, MRAB wrote: > With the official Python 2.6 distribution for Mac OS X it works. >> > The source code is intended to replace the current 're' module in Python > 2.7 (and I'll be porting it to Python 3.2), so I'm not that worried > about Python versions earlier than 2.6 for testing, although if there's > sufficient need then I could tweak the sources for 2.5. I understand now why i could'nt compile it ! So, i would like if it's not too much work for you. -- William Dodé - http://flibuste.net Informaticien Indépendant -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Need help in passing a "-c command" argument to the interactive shell.
On my windows box I type => c:\x>python -c "import re" The result is => c:\x> In other words, the Python interactive shell doesn't even open. What am I doing wrong? I did RTFM at http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/tut/node4.html on argument passing, but to no avail. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extract images from PDF files
David, Thanks for your reply, I'll take a look at pdftohtml and see if it suits my needs. Thanks! Doug -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: time.strftime('%m-%d-%Y %H:%m:%S') to log is out of order
On Jul 22, 1:04 pm, davidj411 wrote: > i think "Piet van Oostrum" has resolved my issue. > good eyes! Well, he *is* Dutch... -Ben -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
"Deprecated sets module" with Python 2.6
I would appreciate help on correcting a problem when trying to create an *.exe file using py2exe via GUI2exe with Python 2.6.2. When using GUI2exe to create an *.exe I always get the following warning during the compile process: C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\py2exe\build_exe.py:16: DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated import sets and this results in the creation of an *.exe file that can not be executed. On the other hand, if I use the same procedure (on the same Python code) with Python 2.5, there are no warnings and the *.exe works fine. The procedure used is that given in the example "Less simpler one" at http://code.google.com/p/gui2exe/wiki/GUI2ExeExamplesin Any suggestions, help, ... would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, --V. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help in passing a "-c command" argument to the interactive shell.
On Jul 28, 2009, at 4:16 PM, Bill wrote: On my windows box I type => c:\x>python -c "import re" The result is => c:\x> In other words, the Python interactive shell doesn't even open. What am I doing wrong? Nothing! =) The -c option tells Python to execute the commands in the quotes as a Python program. It's as if you wrote a Python program that contained only "import re" and then executed that program. If you want to run the Python interpreter interactively, just type "python" (no quotes) at the command prompt and hit enter. I did RTFM at http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/tut/node4.html on argument passing, but to no avail. Yikes, that's the documentation for Python 1.5.2 which is nine years old! If that's the version you're running, then it's appropriate to read that documentation, but that's probably not the case. "python --version" (again, no quotes) should tell you what version you're running. HTH Philip -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: xlrd - insert column?
LeeRisq wrote: Does xlrd have the capability to insert a column? rd means ReaD, so there is nothing it could insert something to. Of course once you have read the data you can manipulate its structure how you like it. The counterpart is xlwt and it can write excel files however you like it. Regards Tino -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: "Deprecated sets module" with Python 2.6
Virgil Stokes wrote: I would appreciate help on correcting a problem when trying to create an *.exe file using py2exe via GUI2exe with Python 2.6.2. When using GUI2exe to create an *.exe I always get the following warning during the compile process: C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\py2exe\build_exe.py:16: DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated import sets and this results in the creation of an *.exe file that can not be executed. On the other hand, if I use the same procedure (on the same Python code) with Python 2.5, there are no warnings and the *.exe works fine. The procedure used is that given in the example "Less simpler one" at http://code.google.com/p/gui2exe/wiki/GUI2ExeExamplesin Any suggestions, help, ... would be greatly appreciated. The 'sets' module is deprecated in Python 2.6 because 'set' was added as a new builtin class. I don't know why that would result in a .exe file that can't be executed. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Need help in passing a "-c command" argument to the interactive shell.
Bill wrote: On my windows box I type => c:\x>python -c "import re" The result is => c:\x> In other words, the Python interactive shell doesn't even open. What am I doing wrong? I did RTFM at http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/tut/node4.html on argument passing, but to no avail. You've told python to run the command "import re" which it's happily done before exiting. Simply type python, then at the prompt (default >>>) type whatever commands you wish, e.g. c:\Users\Mark\python\regex>python Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import re >>> help(re.compile) Help on function compile in module re: compile(pattern, flags=0) Compile a regular expression pattern, returning a pattern object. >>> -- Kindest regards. Mark Lawrence. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: need help using Tkinter
MRAB wrote: > Manzur Ahmed wrote: > > i wanted to ask you if one of you could help me to use Tkinter. i'm > > trying to just create a simple GUI for which I have provided the code > > for below. > There are some differences between Python 3.x and Python 2.x. In Python > 3.1 the module is called "tkinter", not "Tkinter" (names are > case-sensitive). Further to the above, you can find my Tkinter tutorial (which uses Python 3.x) at http://www.tkdocs.com -- I hope this will provide some help in getting up to speed. Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Override a method but inherit the docstring
On Jul 26, 6:55 pm, [email protected] (Aahz) wrote: > > Nice! Maybe stick this on the Cookbook? http://code.activestate.com/recipes/576862/ Thanks for the suggestion, Shai. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
In article , MRAB wrote: >Aahz wrote: >> In article , >> MRAB wrote: >>> I've been working on a new implementation of the re module. The details >>> are at http://bugs.python.org/issue2636, specifically from >>> http://bugs.python.org/issue2636#msg90954. I've included a .pyd file for >>> Python 2.6 on Windows if you want to try it out. >> >> How does it handle the re module's unit tests? > >Basically, it passes all those tests I expect it to pass. :-) > >It fails those where the intended behaviour has changed, such as re.sub >treating unmatched groups as empty strings, as requested in >http://bugs.python.org/issue1519638. Then you should definitely publish to PyPI and post a message to c.l.py.announce to get more users. -- Aahz ([email protected]) <*> http://www.pythoncraft.com/ "Many customs in this life persist because they ease friction and promote productivity as a result of universal agreement, and whether they are precisely the optimal choices is much less important." --Henry Spencer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 16:11:02 +0100, MRAB wrote: > Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: >> On Monday 27 July 2009 16:49:25 Aahz wrote: >>> In article , >>> >>> Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Sunday 26 July 2009 21:26:46 David Robinow wrote: > I'm a mediocre programmer. Does this mean I should switch to PHP? I have searched, but I can find nothing about this mediocre language. Could you tell us more? >>> :-P >>> >>> (For anyone who is confused by Hendrik's humor, he is saying that >>> David was referring to a programming language named "mediocre". >>> English grammar is confusing!) >> >> This is true - I intended, when I started the post, to make a crack >> about how he knew that he was mediocre - If there were some exam or >> test that you have to pass or fail to be able to make the claim to >> mediocrity. I was imagining a sort of devil's rating scale for >> programmers, that could cause one to say things like: "I am studying >> hard so that I can get my mediocre certificate, and one day I hope to >> reach hacker rank". >> >> And then the similarity to "I am a COBOL programmer" struck me, and I >> abandoned the ratings. >> > If you were a "COBOL" programmer, would you want to shout about it? :-) The last time I wrote anything in COBOL was sometime in the early 80s. Somehow that makes me feel good, heh. ciao, f -- “Using words to describe magic is like using a screwdriver to cut roast beef.” -- Tom Robbins -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: C function taking double pointer to a structure variable as OUTPUT parameter
[email protected] schrieb: Hi, Everyone, I am a newbie to both Swig and Python. I am trying to export a set of C APIs to Python. If you are really dealing with a plain C-api, don't bother using SWIG - use ctypes. It comes with python >=2.5, is availabe as extra module for earlier versions, and makes wrapping C-libs a breeze. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Questions about unicodedata in python 2.6.2
On Jul 28, 12:37 pm, Christian Heimes wrote: > 'make install' shouldn't compile any libraries if you run 'make' prior > to 'make install'. I suggest you start again with a clean build tree of > Python 2.6.2. > > Christian You are perfectly right. I started everything again after a "make distclean". This time I configured it as follows: ./configure --enable-unicode=ucs2 --enable-shared to make things explicit, although I guess that the defaults would be the same even when "--enable-unicode=ucs2 --enable-shared" are not specified (in my case where ucs4 is not available). The Makefile generated then contains meaningful flags in RUNSHARED which was absent before. With this configuration, "make" was fine, except it "only" has the following problems: Failed to find the necessary bits to build these modules: bsddb185 gdbm sunaudiodev To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name. That was not surprised because I did not have those available on my machine. The unicodedata.so was also created in the "make" process, and "make install" showed no problem. "make test" showed the following problems: test_aepack test_aepack skipped -- No module named aepack test_al test_al skipped -- No module named al test_anydbm Exception bsddb.db.DBRunRecoveryError: DBRunRecoveryError(-30974, 'DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery -- PANIC: fatal region error detected; run recovery') in ignored I guess this is caused by the missing bsddb185. However, the problem is, "make test" seemed to be hanging at that fatal error. Do you know how critical are those failed tests? Thanks for your help! - Weidong -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: "Deprecated sets module" with Python 2.6
Virgil Stokes schrieb: I would appreciate help on correcting a problem when trying to create an *.exe file using py2exe via GUI2exe with Python 2.6.2. When using GUI2exe to create an *.exe I always get the following warning during the compile process: C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\py2exe\build_exe.py:16: DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated import sets and this results in the creation of an *.exe file that can not be executed. On the other hand, if I use the same procedure (on the same Python code) with Python 2.5, there are no warnings and the *.exe works fine. The procedure used is that given in the example "Less simpler one" at http://code.google.com/p/gui2exe/wiki/GUI2ExeExamplesin Any suggestions, help, ... would be greatly appreciated. If you don't need your app running on python2.3 and earlier, just remove the sets-module and replace it with the builtin "set". Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FTP Offset larger than file.
On Jul 28, 5:36 pm, Dave Angel wrote: > Bakes wrote: > > On 28 July, 15:18, Bakes wrote: > > >> On 28 July, 15:01, Hrvoje Niksic wrote: > > >>> Bakes writes: > > The error I get is: > ftplib.error_temp: 451-Restart offset 24576 is too large for file size > 22852. > 451 Restart offset reset to 0 > which tells me that the local file is larger than the external file, > by about a kilobyte. Certainly, the local file is indeed that size, so > my local script is doing the right things. I do wonder what is going > wrong, can anyone enlighten me? > > >>> I'd say you failed to take buffering into account. You write into a > >>> buffered file, yet you use os.path.getsize() to find out the current > >>> file size. If the data is not yet flushed, you keep re-reading the same > >>> stuff from the remote file, and writing it out. Once the buffer is > >>> flushed, your file will contain more data than was retrieved from the > >>> remote side, and eventually this will result in the error you see. > > >>> As a quick fix, you can add a file.flush() line after the > >>> file.write(...) line, and the problem should go away. > > >> Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. > > > Actually, no it didn't. That fix works seamlessly in Linux, but gave > > the same error in a Windows environment. Is that expected? > > This is a text file you're transferring. And you didn't specify "wb". > So the Windows size will be larger than the Unix size, since you're > expanding the newline characters. > > getsize() is looking at the size after newlines are expanded to 0d0a, > while The remote file, presumably a Unix system likely has just has 0a. > > I think you'd do best just keeping track of the bytes you've written. > > DaveA Thank you very much, that worked perfectly. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Semaphore Techniques
I'm looking to run a process with a limit of 3 instances, but each execution is over a crontab interval. I've been investigating the threading module and using daemons to limit active thread objects, but I'm not very successful at grasping the documentation. Is it possible to do what I'm trying to do and if so anyone know of a useful example to get started? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
magicus wrote: On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 16:11:02 +0100, MRAB wrote: Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Monday 27 July 2009 16:49:25 Aahz wrote: In article , Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Sunday 26 July 2009 21:26:46 David Robinow wrote: I'm a mediocre programmer. Does this mean I should switch to PHP? I have searched, but I can find nothing about this mediocre language. Could you tell us more? :-P (For anyone who is confused by Hendrik's humor, he is saying that David was referring to a programming language named "mediocre". English grammar is confusing!) This is true - I intended, when I started the post, to make a crack about how he knew that he was mediocre - If there were some exam or test that you have to pass or fail to be able to make the claim to mediocrity. I was imagining a sort of devil's rating scale for programmers, that could cause one to say things like: "I am studying hard so that I can get my mediocre certificate, and one day I hope to reach hacker rank". And then the similarity to "I am a COBOL programmer" struck me, and I abandoned the ratings. If you were a "COBOL" programmer, would you want to shout about it? :-) The last time I wrote anything in COBOL was sometime in the early 80s. Somehow that makes me feel good, heh. COBOL: it feels good when you stop. :-) (I was actually referring to the convention of all capitals representing shouting.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: If Scheme is so good why MIT drops it?
On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:22:29 +0100, MRAB wrote: > magicus wrote: >> On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 16:11:02 +0100, MRAB >> wrote: >> >>> Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: On Monday 27 July 2009 16:49:25 Aahz wrote: > In article , > > Hendrik van Rooyen wrote: >> On Sunday 26 July 2009 21:26:46 David Robinow wrote: >>> I'm a mediocre programmer. Does this mean I should switch to PHP? >> I have searched, but I can find nothing about this mediocre >> language. >> >> Could you tell us more? >> > :-P > > (For anyone who is confused by Hendrik's humor, he is saying that > David was referring to a programming language named "mediocre". > English grammar is confusing!) This is true - I intended, when I started the post, to make a crack about how he knew that he was mediocre - If there were some exam or test that you have to pass or fail to be able to make the claim to mediocrity. I was imagining a sort of devil's rating scale for programmers, that could cause one to say things like: "I am studying hard so that I can get my mediocre certificate, and one day I hope to reach hacker rank". And then the similarity to "I am a COBOL programmer" struck me, and I abandoned the ratings. >>> If you were a "COBOL" programmer, would you want to shout about it? >>> :-) >> >> The last time I wrote anything in COBOL was sometime in the early 80s. >> Somehow that makes me feel good, heh. >> > COBOL: it feels good when you stop. :-) > It certainly does! > (I was actually referring to the convention of all capitals representing > shouting.) I rarely shout and I thought that to this day it was still referred to as COBOL. I am still glad that I never pursued a career in dealing w/ such a language. ciao, f -- "What you resist, persists." -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Questions on python 2.6.2 installed files
I would like to build a python 2.6.2 for Linux that runs on arm-based embeded devices. After some experiment of building from the python 2.6.2 source, I notice that the installed files from "make install" are much too big for an embedded system. For example, the files it installs to /usr/local/lib/python2.6/ dir is over 350MB. >From the following installed files, /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/lib/libpython2.6.so.1.0 I do not see they have any "direct" dependency on the files installed in /usr/local/lib/python2.6 dir. What are the use of those files in / usr/local/lib/python2.6? What is the consequence if I do not put them on the embedded system? Is there a good way to directly make an installation "package" (or tarball) of python 2.6.2 from the build result? Any advice on configuration to make the results smaller will be greatly appreciated! - Weidong -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: New implementation of re module
MRAB wrote: Hi all, I've been working on a new implementation of the re module. The details are at http://bugs.python.org/issue2636, specifically from http://bugs.python.org/issue2636#msg90954. I've included a .pyd file for Python 2.6 on Windows if you want to try it out. I'm interested in how fast it is generally, compared with the current re module, but especially when faced with those 'pathological' regular expressions which seem to take a long time to finish, for example: re.search(r"^(.+|D)*A$", "x" * 25 + "B") which on my PC (1.8GHz) takes 18.98secs with the re module but <0.01secs with this new implementation. I tried this on my 3GHz PC timings pretty much the same. From here http://bugs.python.org/issue1721518 I knocked up this. import time import re import regex s = "Add.1, 2020 and Add.1, 2021-2023, 2025, 2028 and 2029 and Add.1) R" r = "(?:\s|,|and|Add\S*?|Parts?|\([^\)]*\)|[IV\-\d]+)*$" t0 = time.clock() print regex.search(r, s) t1 = time.clock() print "time", t1 - t0 print "It's going to crash" t0 = time.clock() print re.search(r, s) t1 = time.clock() print "It hasn't crashed time", t1 - t0 Output shows a slight change in timing:). <_regex.RE_Match object at 0x0243A1A0> time 0.00279001940191 It's going to crash <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x024396B0> It hasn't crashed time 98.4238155967 TIA I also got the files bm_regex_effbot.py and bm_regex_v8.py from http://code.google.com/p/unladen-swallow/source/browse/#svn/tests/performance and ran them, then reran them having substituted regex for re. Output timings were roughly effbot re 0.14secs, effbot regex 1.16secs, v8 re 0.17secs and v8 regex 0.67secs. HTH. -- Kindest regards. Mark Lawrence. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: "Deprecated sets module" with Python 2.6
On Tue, 28 Jul 2009 22:28:09 +0200, Virgil Stokes wrote: > When using GUI2exe to create an *.exe I always get the following warning > during the compile process: > > C:\Python26\lib\site-packages\py2exe\build_exe.py:16: > DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated > import sets The best solution would be to change every call to sets.Set() to set(), and change the line: import sets to this: try: set except NameError: from sets import Set as set If you use sets.ImmutableSet, you will need to change that to frozenset in the same way. This assumes you don't need to support older versions of Python, before set() became a built-in. -- Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Semaphore Techniques
John D Giotta schrieb: > I'm looking to run a process with a limit of 3 instances, but each > execution is over a crontab interval. I've been investigating the > threading module and using daemons to limit active thread objects, but > I'm not very successful at grasping the documentation. > > Is it possible to do what I'm trying to do and if so anyone know of a > useful example to get started? Since you are talking about crontab I assume that you are on an os that supports pthreads. You problem can easily be solved with a named semaphore (see sem_open(3) and sem_overview(7)). Unfortunately Python doesn't expose named semaphores. The multiprocessing library uses named semaphores but you can't set the name yourself. You have to write your own C wrapper or search on pypi and through Google. If you are going to write your own semaphore I highly recommend Cython. Christian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Extract images from PDF files
I've got a non-Python solution if you have Acrobat 6 or up. >From the menu, Advanced -> Document Processing -> Extract All Images... If you need multiple PDFs done, Batch Processing would be a great start. Then you can run another script to make the thumbnails, or use Photoshop. Either way works! Best regards, Ching-Yun "Xavier" Ho, Technical Artist Contact Information Mobile: (+61) 04 3335 4748 Skype ID: SpaXe85 Email: [email protected] Website: http://xavierho.com/ On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 6:21 AM, writeson wrote: > David, > > Thanks for your reply, I'll take a look at pdftohtml and see if it > suits my needs. > > Thanks! > Doug > -- > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list > -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Semaphore Techniques
On Jul 28, 2009, at 7:19 PM, Christian Heimes wrote: John D Giotta schrieb: I'm looking to run a process with a limit of 3 instances, but each execution is over a crontab interval. I've been investigating the threading module and using daemons to limit active thread objects, but I'm not very successful at grasping the documentation. Is it possible to do what I'm trying to do and if so anyone know of a useful example to get started? Since you are talking about crontab I assume that you are on an os that supports pthreads. You problem can easily be solved with a named semaphore (see sem_open(3) and sem_overview(7)). Unfortunately Python doesn't expose named semaphores. The multiprocessing library uses named semaphores but you can't set the name yourself. You have to write your own C wrapper or search on pypi and through Google. If you are going to write your own semaphore I highly recommend Cython. My POSIX IPC extension permits manipulation of interprocess semaphores: http://semanchuk.com/philip/posix_ipc/ There's also one for SysV IPC: http://semanchuk.com/philip/sysv_ipc/ Enjoy P -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Semaphore Techniques
John D Giotta writes: > I'm looking to run a process with a limit of 3 instances, but each > execution is over a crontab interval. I've been investigating the > threading module and using daemons to limit active thread objects, but > I'm not very successful at grasping the documentation. > > Is it possible to do what I'm trying to do and if so anyone know of a > useful example to get started? Does it have to be built into the tool, or are you open to handling the restriction right in the crontab entry? For example, a crontab entry like: * * * * * test `pidof -x script.py | wc -w` -ge 4 || /script.py should attempt to run script.py every minute (adjust period as required) unless there are already four of them running. And if pidof isn't precise enough you can put anything in there that would accurately check your processes (grep a ps listing or whatever). This works because if the test expression is true it returns 0 which terminates the logical or (||) expression. There may be some variations based on cron implementation (the above was tested against Vixie cron), but some similar mechanism should be available. If you wanted to build it into the tool, it can be tricky in terms of managing shared state (the count) amongst purely sibling/cooperative processes. It's much easier to ensure no overlap (1 instance), but once you want 'n' instances you need an accurate process-wide counter. I'm not positive, but don't think Python's built-in semaphores or shared memory objects are cross-process. (Maybe something in multiprocessing in recent Python versions would work, though they may need the sharing processes to all have been executed from a parent script) I do believe there are some third party interfaces (posix_ipc, shm/shm_wrapper) that would provide access to posix shared-process objects. A semaphore may still not work as I'm not sure you can obtain the current count. But you could probably do something with a shared memory counter in conjunction with a mutex of some sort, as long as you were careful to clean it up on exit. Or, you could stick PIDs into the shared memory and count PIDs on a new startup (double checking against running processes to help protect against process failures without cleanup). You could also use the filesystem - have a shared directory where each process dumps its PID, after first counting how many other PIDs are in the directory and exiting if too many. Of course all of these (even with a PID check) are risky in the presence of unexpected failures. It would be worse with something like C code, but it should be reasonably easy to ensure that your script has cleanup code even on an unexpected termination, and it's not that likely the Python interpreter itself would crash. Then again, something external could kill the process. Ensuring accuracy and cleanup of shared state can be non-trivial. You don't mention if you can support a single master daemon, but if you could, then it can get a little easier as it can maintain and protect access to the state - you could have each worker process maintain a socket connection of some sort with the master daemon so it could detect when they terminate for the count, and it could just reject such connections from new processes if too many are running already. Of course, if the master daemon goes away then nobody would run, which may or may not be an acceptable failure mode. All in all, unless you need the scripts to enforce this behavior even in the presence of arbitrary use, I'd just use an appropriate crontab entry and move on to other problems :-) -- David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
