Re: ['a', 'b'][True] results 'b' But how?

[Kelvie Wong]

In this case, [True] and [False] are not lists, rather you're
accessing the items of the list with the index True or False, as per
the following example:

>>> a_list = ['a', 'b']
>>> a_list[True]
'b'
>>> a_list[False]
'a'

This happens because the __getitem__ method takes its argument (which
in this case is True or False) and casts it into an integer:

>>> int(True)
1
>>> int(False)
0

So thus it follows logically that since:
>>> a_list[1]
'b'
>>> a_list[0]
'a'

a_list[True] and a_list[False] must be its first and zeroth  indexed
members, respectively.


On 7/4/07, kath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Can any one please tell me how is the following code is working?
> ['a','b'] is a list of string, and [True] is list of boolean value.
> How is it making effect?
> 
>
> >>> ['a','b] [True]
> 'b'
> >>> ['a','b'] [False]
> 'a'
> >>> ['a','b']['some_string' == r'some_string']
> 'b'
> >>> ['a','b']['some_string' == r'somestring']
> 'a'
>
> 
>
>
> Thanks in advance,
> regards,
> kath.
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


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Re: ['a', 'b'][True] results 'b' But how?

[Robert Bauck Hamar]

kath wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> Can any one please tell me how is the following code is working?
> ['a','b'] is a list of string

Yes.

> and [True] is list of boolean value. 

No. It's the subscription operator applied to the list of strings.
a = ['a', 'b']
a[True]
may be clearer.

> How is it making effect?

>>> int(True)
1
>>> int(False)
0
>>> isinstance(True, int)
True
>>> bool.__bases__
(,)

> 
> 
 ['a','b] [True]
> 'b'
 ['a','b'] [False]
> 'a'
 ['a','b']['some_string' == r'some_string']
> 'b'
 ['a','b']['some_string' == r'somestring']
> 'a'
> 
> 

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Re: ['a', 'b'][True] results 'b' But how?

[rishi pathak]

True stands for 1 and False stands for 0
so list[True] is equivalent to list[1]
and list[False] is equivalent to list[0]

On 7/5/07, kath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


Hi,

Can any one please tell me how is the following code is working?
['a','b'] is a list of string, and [True] is list of boolean value.
How is it making effect?


>>> ['a','b] [True]
'b'
>>> ['a','b'] [False]
'a'
>>> ['a','b']['some_string' == r'some_string']
'b'
>>> ['a','b']['some_string' == r'somestring']
'a'




Thanks in advance,
regards,
kath.

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--
Regards--
Rishi Pathak
National PARAM Supercomputing Facility
Center for Development of Advanced Computing(C-DAC)
Pune University Campus,Ganesh Khind Road
Pune-Maharastra
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Re: [True] results 'b' But how?

[kath]

Hi Kelvie and RBH,

Thanks for your quick reply. That was very much helpful indeed.

regards,
kath.


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Re: PyRun_String using my module in a def

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 05 Jul 2007 01:19:32 -0300, Stuart <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  
escribió:

> What command do you mean when you say "update main_dict with
> dlfl_dict"?

I think Alex Martelly was refering to use main_dict.update(dlfl_dict)  
(Python code) or PyDict_Update(main_dict, dlfl_dict) (in C code).

> I tried PyObject *rstring = PyRun_String( cmd, Py_file_input,
> dlfl_dict, dlfl_dict );
> This worked, but has the side effect of not allowing other commands
> like "execfile"

The idea is to copy all items from dlfl_dict into main_dict, and use  
main_dict for both globals and locals.

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Problem with building extension in Python

[vedrandekovic]

Hi,

I have already install Microsoft visual studio .NET 2003 and MinGw,
when I try to build a extension:

python my_extension_setup.py build ( or install ) , I get an error:

LINK : fatal error LNK1141: failure during build of exports file
error: command '"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
2003\Vc7\bin\link.exe"' failed with exit status 1141.What shoud I
do???

If you now anything useful,
please contact me!!





 
Thanks!!

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Re: Memory leak issue with complex data structure

[Hrvoje Niksic]

Alan Franzoni <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:

> I have a serious "leak" issue; even though I clear all those sets
> and I delete all the references I can have to the current namespace,
> memory is not freed.

Maybe the memory is freed (marked as available for further use by
Python), just not released to the operating system.[1]  To test against
that, try to allocate more Python structures and see if they reuse the
freed memory or if they allocate even more memory.  Even better, run
code like this:

while 1:
  ... populate your data structures ...
  clear()

If this causes Python to allocate more and more memory, it means you
have a real leak.  If not, it means that the GC is working fine, but
it's not possible to release the memory to the OS.


[1]
Not giving freed memory back to the system is not (necessarily) a
Python bug; the same thing happens in C and is a consequence of
managed memory being assigned to the process as a contiguous block.
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Re: import mysteries

[Peter Otten]

David Abrahams wrote:

> 
> on Wed Jul 04 2007, Peter Otten <__peter__-AT-web.de> wrote:
> 
 Explicitly passed, see


>>
http://genshi.edgewall.org/browser/trunk/genshi/filters/tests/transform.py
>>> 
>>> IIRC I ran doctest on the file I cited, not the one you're pointing
>>> at.  Is there some new magic doctest feature I should know about?
>>
>> Had you looked at it
> 
> Gimme a little credit, please!  Of course I looked at it.

Sorry.
 
>> you'd seen that the file I pointed to is the driver
>> script for running the doctests in the file you pointed to
> 
> Yes, I saw that, but I don't know of any magic feature that causes the
> driver script to get loaded when I invoke doctest directly on the file
> I pointed to.

Nor do I.

>> -- unfortunately they have the same name. [...]/tests/transform.py
>> does indeed inject a HTML object into the globals of
>> [...]/filters/transform.py before it runs the tests.
> 
> Yes, I saw that, but as I said...
> 
> Anyway, maybe I just got confused and doctest-ed the driver script.
> That certainly would explain everything.

Compelling assumption because it does away with the mystery...

Peter
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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Michele Simionato]

On Jul 5, 3:41 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Martelli) wrote:
> 

Alex already explained everything beautifully. I will just add a link
to
the definite guide to descriptors: 
http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm

 Michele Simionato

(who spent lot of brain cycles studying descriptors *before* that
guide was written :-()

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Re: Problem with building extension in Python

[Gabriel Genellina]

En Thu, 05 Jul 2007 05:08:58 -0300, <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  
escribió:

> I have already install Microsoft visual studio .NET 2003 and MinGw,
> when I try to build a extension:

Is this for Python 2.4? I think you can't compile Python 2.5 with VS2003.

> python my_extension_setup.py build ( or install ) , I get an error:
>
> LINK : fatal error LNK1141: failure during build of exports file
> error: command '"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
> 2003\Vc7\bin\link.exe"' failed with exit status 1141.What shoud I
> do???

Almost surely you got a previous error, making link to fail. Try to  
correct *that* error.

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Re: Tkinter toggle a Label Widget based on checkbutton value

[Eric Brunel]

On Wed, 04 Jul 2007 21:51:34 +0200, O.R.Senthil Kumaran  
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Following is a tk code, which will display a checkbutton, and when  
> checkbox is
> enabled, it will show the below present Label.
>
> What I was trying is, when checkbox is enabled the Label should be shown  
> and
> when checkbox is disabled, the window should look like before.
>
> But, I am finding that once enabled (shown), its not  
> very-straightforward to
> hide it from the window.
>
> Any suggestions on  how can i make this checkbutton effect.
> 1) Press Enable IP, the Label IP should be shown.
> 2) Toggle Enable IP (So that its unset). the Label IP should not be  
> shown.
>
> #!/usr/bin/python
> from Tkinter import *
> root = Tk()
> root.title('something')
> x = StringVar()
> def display():
> if x.get():
> ip = Label(root,text="IP:")
> ip.grid(row=3,column=0)
>
> proxy = Checkbutton(root, text="Enable IP:", variable =  
> x,onvalue="proxy",
> offvalue="",command=display)
> proxy.grid(row=2,column=0)
> root.mainloop()

Wojciech gave a perfectly valid answer that'll work in all cases.

Here is another one, that you may or may not be able to use, which  
consists in using the same Tkinter variable for your check-button's value  
and your label's text:
--
 from Tkinter import *

root = Tk()

labelString = StringVar()

b = Checkbutton(root, text="Enable IP:", variable=labelString,
   onvalue='IP:', offvalue='')
b.grid(row=2, column=0)

Label(root, textvariable=labelString).grid(row=3, column=0)

root.mainloop()
--

This doesn't really make the label "disappear" when the check-button is  
off, but simply sets its text to the empty string.

HTH
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Re: PEP 3107 and stronger typing (note: probably a newbie question)

[Nis Jørgensen]

Bruno Desthuilliers skrev:
> Paul Rubin a écrit :
>> Bruno Desthuilliers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>>
>>> Haskell - as other languages using type-inference like OCaml - are in
>>> a different category. Yes, I know, don't say it, they are statically
>>> typed - but it's mostly structural typing, not declarative
>>> typing. Which makes them much more usable IMHO. 
>>
>>
>> Some users in fact recommend writing an explicit type signature for
>> every Haskell function, which functions sort of like a unit test.
> 
> Stop here. explicit type signature == declarative static typing != unit
> test.

Well, it quacks like a duck ...

Nis
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Re: Find This Module

[Peter Otten]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

> I'm looking at the source for the module sre_compile.py and it does
> this import:
> 
> import _sre
> 
> But I can't find a file related to _sre anywhere.  Where is it?  

If you want the source code, have a look at

http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Modules/_sre.c?rev=52147&view=markup

> And more generally, how does one find the location of a built in module?

For the source of modules written in C, built in or not, you have to look in
the source distribution. 

Peter


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Re: what is wrong with that r"\"

[Nick Craig-Wood]

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>  On Wed, 04 Jul 2007 11:21:14 +, Neil Cerutti wrote:
> 
> > If the escaped quotes didn't function in raw strings, I'd be
> > unable to construct (with a single notation) a regex that
> > included both kinds of quotes at once.
> > 
> >   re.compile(r"'\"")
> 
>  Where's the problem!? ::
> 
>re.compile(r"''')
> 
>  Ah, I see -- readability is the problem.  :-)

Actually the problem is that those backslashes don't actually
disappear thus producing non-intuititive behaviour.  The example you
provided produces a different result to Neil's result.

  >>> r"'\""
  '\'\\"'
  >>> r"'''
  '\'"'
  >>> 

Neil is correct in saying that his example works for regexp matching
though, as the regexp matcher understands \" as being the same as ".

So r"" strings work well as Regexp-strings but not so well as
Raw-strings IMHO.

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Re: Problem with building extension in Python

[Stefan Behnel]

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> I have already install Microsoft visual studio .NET 2003 and MinGw,
> when I try to build a extension:
> 
> python my_extension_setup.py build ( or install ) , I get an error:
> 
> LINK : fatal error LNK1141: failure during build of exports file
> error: command '"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
> 2003\Vc7\bin\link.exe"' failed with exit status 1141.
>
> What shoud I do???

Tell us what the actual error message is? What you provide here is only the
last line, the real error is most likely before that. Please provide a bit
more of the output, anything that might be helpful to understand the problem.

Stefan
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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[Nis Jørgensen]

Steven D'Aprano skrev:
> On Wed, 04 Jul 2007 23:53:15 -0400, David Abrahams wrote:
> 
>> on Wed Jul 04 2007, "Steven D'Aprano" 
>>  wrote:
>>
>>> On Wed, 04 Jul 2007 14:37:34 +, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>>>
 On Wed, 04 Jul 2007 09:59:24 -0400, David Abrahams wrote:

> Here's an implementation of the functionality I propose, as a
> free-standing function:
>
> def intersects(s1,s2):
> if len(s1) < len(s2):
> for x in s1:
> if x in s2: return True
> else:
> for x in s2:
> if x in s1 return True
> return False
 In Python 2.5 this can be written a bit more concise:

 def intersects(set_a, set_b):
 if len(set_a) < len(set_b):
 set_a, set_b = set_b, set_a
 return any(item in set_a for item in set_b)
>>>
>>> I'd rather see sets gain an method "isintersect()" 
>> And why is that a good name?  It's not even grammatical.
> 
> Neither is "It's not even grammatical", but all but purists use it
> regardless.
> 
> A common Python convention is to have test functions named something
> like "isfoo", e.g. str.isdigit(), isspace(), islower() etc. They're not
> exactly grammatical either, e.g. isdigit() should actually be "contains
> one or more digits, and nothing but digits". (Presumably the pedantically
> correct name was rejected as being too long.) I was just following that
> convention.

The problem is, these functions can be read as "X is [consisting only
of] digit[s]", "X is lower [case]" etc, where the bits in brackets have
been removed for brewity. In the case of "s1 is intersect s2" there is
no way I can see of adding words to get a correct sentence. The
"obvious" naming is "s1.intersects(s2)" which reads as "s1 intersects
s2", a perfectly cromulent sentence.

Nis
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Python daemon in Linux

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

i made MyThread(Thread)

when isDaemon() == 0:
  everything works

when isDaemon() == 1:
  nothing works

 why???

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WXPYTHON push button call a frame

[Marcpp]

Hi I need to call a widget from a button in WXPYTHON. I've tried to
this from a function like this, but when push the button, the program
opens a window and do error.
Any idea?

.
def DialogRRHH(self,event):
prog = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
prog.SetTopWindow(DialogRRHH)
DialogRRHH.Show()
prog.MainLoop()

class MTRRHH(wx.Frame):
...
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
tasques = tasques(None, -1, "")
app.SetTopWindow(tasques)
tasques.Show()
app.MainLoop()

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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Alex Popescu]

On Jul 5, 11:17 am, Michele Simionato <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> On Jul 5, 3:41 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Martelli) wrote:
>
> > 
>
> Alex already explained everything beautifully. I will just add a link
> to
> the definite guide to 
> descriptors:http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm
>
>  Michele Simionato
>
> (who spent lot of brain cycles studying descriptors *before* that
> guide was written :-()

Guys, I appreciate a lot your help and explanations. It looks like I
have to read/play a bit more as some of the terms/ideas are pretty new
to me (coming to Python with a 10 years Java bag, and only with a
small dynlang bag - Ruby, Perl).

Once again thanks,

./alex
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[kimiraikkonen]

Thanks for the links and replies, taking care.

My another aim is: Can i develop graphical applications (like in
Windows) which contain menus, interactive dialog boxes etc. using
Ptyhon?

I got it quite but not sure. I don't know Ptyhon's capability skills
for creating interactive softwares like in Windows's created by C++ or
Delphi.

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Re: Building a Python app with Mozilla

[Stefan Sonnenberg-Carstens]

On Do, 5.07.2007, 03:45, greg wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
>> wxWidgets will give you native looking apps on both Linux and Windows
>
> Well, maybe. There's more to getting a native feel than
> just using the right widgets. I once saw a Qt-based app on
> MacOSX that had tiny little buttons that were too small
> for the text they contained -- Aqua buttons just don't
> scale down like that. :-(
>
> --
> Greg
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
>
Qt based buttons don't either.
If some fool uses absolute positioning and sizing,
then it is not the toolkit to blame.
I'm using wxPython for instance and use the sizers and placeholders
there, so this is possible with Qt also.
So, perhaps (which I don't know) Aqua buttons simply don't permit
absolute stuff ?
Or the Aqua programmers read the user interface guidelines carefully ?
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Kay Schluehr]

On Jul 3, 8:12 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cameron Laird) wrote:

> Python is simply easier than C++; you might
> well find that a debugger, for example, doesn't feel as essential
> as it is for you with C++.

That's what I love most about the Python community. Whenever there is
just a non-standard, platform-dependent or crappy implementation of a
feature you get told that you don't need it. When printf was good for
little David print is good enough for me.

Among the first things I examine about an IDE ( for Python ) is the
integration of a good REPL and how well recursive functions can be
debugged ( yes, I know, Pythonistas can't recurse and so it is not
recommended as well but sometimes ... )

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Re: Python daemon in Linux

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

As far as I understand the issue, any Python process has a sort of
"main" thread. When the main thread exits, the Python process will
exit
if there are only daemon threads around. If there are any non-daemon
threads, the Python process will only exit after those threads are
finished.
Or, as the documentation says: "The entire Python program exits when
no
active non-daemon threads are left."

Kind regards,
Benjamin

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Re: Python daemon in Linux

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

thanx benjamin )
no more questions

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Gregor Horvath]

kimiraikkonen schrieb:

> My another aim is: Can i develop graphical applications (like in
> Windows) which contain menus, interactive dialog boxes etc. using
> Ptyhon?
> 
> I got it quite but not sure. I don't know Ptyhon's capability skills
> for creating interactive softwares like in Windows's created by C++ or
> Delphi.
> 

have a look at Dabo

http://www.dabodev.com/

Gregor
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Gregor Horvath]

Kay Schluehr schrieb:

> That's what I love most about the Python community. Whenever there is
> just a non-standard, platform-dependent or crappy implementation of a
> feature you get told that you don't need it. When printf was good for
> little David print is good enough for me.
> 

That's a property of open source projects.
Features nobody really needs are not implemented.

Gregor
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(EMBEDDING) Can't get python error message

[anonymisiert85]

I run this string to produce a error "x+1"

PyRun_SimpleStringFlags() return -1, so that i know this is a script
with error inside...

but now - how can i get error message?

i tested some py-functions - but this functions do not work... i
called this functions direct after PyRun_SimpleStringFlags

PyErr_Occurred() return always 0
PyErr_Fetch() with 3 pointers... all values are always Null
PyErr_Print() do nothing

strange...

but after my programm end... here comes a error message (from StdErr i
think)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
NameError: name 'x' is not defined

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Re: Reversing a string

[Sion Arrowsmith]

Jan Vorwerk  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [ lots of sensible stuff to discover "reversed" ]
> >>> print reversed.__doc__

See also:
>>> help(reversed)

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-- Arthur C. Clarke
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Chat programs

[HangZhou Monty Boy]

I'd like to think of building a chat program, could you advise me if
python is good enough for people to get all of my source code ?

Thanks

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Thomas Heller]

QOTW?

Gregor Horvath schrieb:

> That's a property of open source projects.
> Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
> 
> Gregor

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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Steve Holden]

Alex Popescu wrote:
> On Jul 5, 11:17 am, Michele Simionato <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> wrote:
>> On Jul 5, 3:41 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Martelli) wrote:
>>
>>> 
>> Alex already explained everything beautifully. I will just add a link
>> to
>> the definite guide to 
>> descriptors:http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm
>>
>>  Michele Simionato
>>
>> (who spent lot of brain cycles studying descriptors *before* that
>> guide was written :-()
> 
> Guys, I appreciate a lot your help and explanations. It looks like I
> have to read/play a bit more as some of the terms/ideas are pretty new
> to me (coming to Python with a 10 years Java bag, and only with a
> small dynlang bag - Ruby, Perl).
> 
> Once again thanks,
> 
Please also realise that for someone new to the language you have dived 
right into the nitty gritty. This isn't necessarily a bad way to learn, 
but it does mean that there's a lot of background to assimilate as you 
go along.

Good luck with your studies.

regards
  Steve
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Re: WXPYTHON push button call a frame

[Steve Holden]

Marcpp wrote:
> Hi I need to call a widget from a button in WXPYTHON. I've tried to
> this from a function like this, but when push the button, the program
> opens a window and do error.
> Any idea?
> 
Well, one *really* good idea would be to copy the error message and 
paste it into your message. The readers of this list have amazing 
psychic powers, but you can always help improve the answer quality by 
providing relevant information.

> .
> def DialogRRHH(self,event):
> prog = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
> prog.SetTopWindow(DialogRRHH)
> DialogRRHH.Show()
> prog.MainLoop()
> 
> class MTRRHH(wx.Frame):
> ...
> if __name__ == "__main__":
> app = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> tasques = tasques(None, -1, "")
> app.SetTopWindow(tasques)
> tasques.Show()
> app.MainLoop()
> 
Unfortunately your code extracts don't tell us what's going wrong, only 
how the program is constructed. While that *is* useful information, by 
itself it only paints half the picture.

regards
  Steve
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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Alex Popescu]

On Jul 5, 3:32 pm, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Alex Popescu wrote:
> > On Jul 5, 11:17 am, Michele Simionato <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> > wrote:
> >> On Jul 5, 3:41 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Alex Martelli) wrote:
>
> >>> 
> >> Alex already explained everything beautifully. I will just add a link
> >> to
> >> the definite guide to 
> >> descriptors:http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm
>
> >>  Michele Simionato
>
> >> (who spent lot of brain cycles studying descriptors *before* that
> >> guide was written :-()
>
> > Guys, I appreciate a lot your help and explanations. It looks like I
> > have to read/play a bit more as some of the terms/ideas are pretty new
> > to me (coming to Python with a 10 years Java bag, and only with a
> > small dynlang bag - Ruby, Perl).
>
> > Once again thanks,
>
> Please also realise that for someone new to the language you have dived
> right into the nitty gritty. This isn't necessarily a bad way to learn,
> but it does mean that there's a lot of background to assimilate as you
> go along.
>
> Good luck with your studies.
>

I am starting to realize this on my own :-). The true story is that
while working on Groovy (I am a committer on this dynlang meant to run
on the Java VM: http://groovy.codehaus.org) and reading some Python
materials, my interest grew exponentially. And now I have decided to
see how other succesfull java project I have co-created (TestNG:
http://testng.org) would look like in Python (this giving me the
opportunity to explore Python in more depth).

Thanks for the encouragement.

./alex
--
.w( the_mindstorm )p.

> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266   +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd  http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb  http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
> --- Asciimercial --
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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Michele Simionato]

On Jul 5, 11:16 am, Alex Popescu <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> Guys, I appreciate a lot your help and explanations. It looks like I
> have to read/play a bit more as some of the terms/ideas are pretty new
> to me (coming to Python with a 10 years Java bag, and only with a
> small dynlang bag - Ruby, Perl).
>
> Once again thanks,
>
> ./alex
> --
> .w( the_mindstorm )p.

BTW, if you are interested in decorators I should mention my own
module, which I
upgraded just yesterday to version 2.1:
http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~micheles/python/documentation.html

HTH,

M.S.

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Re: PEP 3107 and stronger typing (note: probably a newbie question)

[Steve Holden]

Paul Rubin wrote:
> John Nagle <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>>  This has been tried.  Original K&R C had non-enforced static typing.
>> All "struct" pointers were equivalent.  It wasn't pretty.
>>
>>  It takes strict programmer discipline to make non-enforced static
>> typing work.  I've seen it work in an aerospace company, but the Python
>> crowd probably doesn't want that level of engineering discipline.
> 
> I think even enforced static types wouldn't cure what I see as the
> looseness in Python.  There is not enough composability of small
> snippets of code.  For example, the "for" statement clobbers its index
> variable and then leaks it to the outside of the loop.  That may be
> more of a culprit than dynamic types.  Perl and C++ both fix this with
> syntax like
> 
> for (my $i in ...) ...   (perl)  or
> for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) ...  (C++, Java)
> 
> making a temporary scope for the index variable.  Python even leaks
> the index variable of list comprehensions (I've mostly stopped using
> them because of this), though that's a recognized wart and is due to
> be fixed.
> 
Wow, you really take non-pollution of the namespace seriously. I agree 
it's a wart, but it's one I have happily worked around since day one.

> Python would be helped a lot by some way to introduce temporary
> scopes.  We had some discussion of this recently, concluding that
> there should be a compiler warning message if a variable in a
> temporary scope shadows one from a surrounding scope.

Yeah, well the approach to scoping could really be improved, but if you 
keep your namespaces small it's not difficult to keep things straight. I 
have always been rather guarded in my approach to accessing non-local 
scopes because the coupling is rather less than obvious, and is subject 
to variation due to non-local changes.

regards
  Steve
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RE: PEP 3107 and stronger typing (note: probably a newbie question)

[Hamilton, William]

> From: Paul Rubin
> 
> greg <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> > > E.g. your program might pass its test and run properly for years
> > > before some weird piece of input data causes some regexp to not
quite
> > > work.
> >
> > Then you get a bug report, you fix it, and you add a test
> > for it so that particular bug can't happen again.
> 
> Why on earth would anyone prefer taking a failure in the field over
> having a static type check make that particular failure impossible?
 

Because static typechecking won't make that particular failure
"impossible,"  but instead just change it from a type error into a data
error that may or may not be harder to identify.  If your program gets a
piece of data that breaks it, you'll get a failure in the field.  Static
typechecking won't prevent that.  


--
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Re: Building a Python app with Mozilla

[Shane Geiger]

Brett Cannon was doing some work with the Firefox security model to
allow Python coding from within Firefox.  He may have stopped doing the
work because it would not lead to a PhD.  I am really looking forward to
seeing someone making this a possibility.



Stefan Sonnenberg-Carstens wrote:
> On Do, 5.07.2007, 03:45, greg wrote:
>   
>> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>>
>> 
>>> wxWidgets will give you native looking apps on both Linux and Windows
>>>   
>> Well, maybe. There's more to getting a native feel than
>> just using the right widgets. I once saw a Qt-based app on
>> MacOSX that had tiny little buttons that were too small
>> for the text they contained -- Aqua buttons just don't
>> scale down like that. :-(
>>
>> --
>> Greg
>> --
>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>>
>>
>> 
> Qt based buttons don't either.
> If some fool uses absolute positioning and sizing,
> then it is not the toolkit to blame.
> I'm using wxPython for instance and use the sizers and placeholders
> there, so this is possible with Qt also.
> So, perhaps (which I don't know) Aqua buttons simply don't permit
> absolute stuff ?
> Or the Aqua programmers read the user interface guidelines carefully ?
>   

-- 
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IT Director
National Council on Economic Education
[EMAIL PROTECTED]  |  402-438-8958  |  http://www.ncee.net

Leading the Campaign for Economic and Financial Literacy

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Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Christoph Zwerschke]

What is the best way to re-raise any exception with a message 
supplemented with additional information (e.g. line number in a 
template)? Let's say for simplicity I just want to add "sorry" to every 
exception message. My naive solution was this:

try:
 ...
except Exception, e:
 raise e.__class__, str(e) + ", sorry!"

This works pretty well for most exceptions, e.g.

 >>> try:
... 1/0
... except Exception, e:
... raise e.__class__, str(e) + ", sorry!"
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 4, in 
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero, sorry!

But it fails for some exceptions that cannot be instantiated with a 
single string argument, like UnicodeDecodeError which gets "converted" 
to a TypeError:

 >>> try:
... unicode('\xe4')
... except Exception, e:
... raise e.__class__, str(e) + ", sorry!"
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 4, in 
TypeError: function takes exactly 5 arguments (1 given)

Another approach is using a wrapper Extension class:

class SorryEx(Exception):
 def __init__(self, e):
 self._e = e
 def __getattr__(self, name):
 return getattr(self._e, name)
 def __str__(self):
 return str(self._e) + ", sorry!"

try:
 unicode('\xe4')
except Exception, e:
 raise SorryEx(e)

But then I get the name of the wrapper class in the message:

__main__.SorryEx: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe4 in position 0: 
ordinal not in range(128), sorry!

Yet another approach would be to replace the __str__ method of e, but 
this does not work for new style Exceptions (Python 2.5).

Any suggestions?

-- Chris


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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Roy Smith]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 Nicola Musatti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [...]
> > That's a property of open source projects.
> > Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
> 
> No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
> features nobody really needs are not implemented.

No, no, squared.  In a commercial project, the only features that get 
implemented are the ones somebody is willing to pay for.  Whether there is 
any correlation between need and willingness to pay is an open question.
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Nicola Musatti]

On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
[...]
> That's a property of open source projects.
> Features nobody really needs are not implemented.

No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
features nobody really needs are not implemented. Profit is
fundamental in convincing you that you really need the features.

On the other hand open source projects tend to lack features nobody
enjoys implementing.

Cheers,
Nicola Musatti

P.S. Maybe I should add a ;-)

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Re: IDEs for COM scripting: C# v. Python v. Iron Python v. JPython

[Siegfried Heintze]

Can someone suggest some criterion for selecting Python, JPython or Iron 
Python for COM Scripting?

I have not looked: I assume there are multiple eclipse plugins for 
Python/JPython/Iron Python. Could someone recommend one? I'll also try out 
eric that was mentioned previously.

I figured out my problem with Groovy/COM/Eclipse scripting: I had outlook 
running in another remote desktop session and discovered that if I run my 
script in the same session as I am running outlook in, it works. I assume 
the situation would be the same with Python.

Since Groovy/COM/Eclipse works for this purpose, I assume JPython with 
JaWin/Jacob would work too.

Thanks,
Siegfried 


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Re: MethodType/FunctionType and decorators

[Michele Simionato]

On Jul 5, 3:17 pm, Alex Popescu <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
> The true story is that
> while working on Groovy (I am a committer on this dynlang meant to run
> on the Java VM:http://groovy.codehaus.org) and reading some Python
> materials, my interest grew exponentially. And now I have decided to
> see how other succesfull java project I have co-created 
> (TestNG:http://testng.org) would look like in Python (this giving me the
> opportunity to explore Python in more depth).
>

If you are interested in testing, you should give a look at 1)
doctest; 2) py.test
(Python unittest framework should be old hat to you and not worth
looking at).

 Michele Simionato

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Re: WXPYTHON push button call a frame

[Marcpp]

On 5 jul, 14:51, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Marcpp wrote:
> > Hi I need to call a widget from a button in WXPYTHON. I've tried to
> > this from a function like this, but when push the button, the program
> > opens a window and do error.
> > Any idea?
>
> Well, one *really* good idea would be to copy the error message and
> paste it into your message. The readers of this list have amazing
> psychic powers, but you can always help improve the answer quality by
> providing relevant information.
>
>
>
> > .
> > def DialogRRHH(self,event):
> > prog = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> > wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> > DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
> > prog.SetTopWindow(DialogRRHH)
> > DialogRRHH.Show()
> > prog.MainLoop()
>
> > class MTRRHH(wx.Frame):
> > ...
> > if __name__ == "__main__":
> > app = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> > wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> > tasques = tasques(None, -1, "")
> > app.SetTopWindow(tasques)
> > tasques.Show()
> > app.MainLoop()
>
> Unfortunately your code extracts don't tell us what's going wrong, only
> how the program is constructed. While that *is* useful information, by
> itself it only paints half the picture.
>
> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266   +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd  http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb  http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
> --- Asciimercial --
> Get on the web: Blog, lens and tag the Internet
> Many services currently offer free registration
> --- Thank You for Reading -

Hi, the problem is No Error message, but the program continues running
after I closed it (by the X).

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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Thomas Heller]

Christoph Zwerschke schrieb:
> What is the best way to re-raise any exception with a message 
> supplemented with additional information (e.g. line number in a 
> template)?

I have the impression that you do NOT want to change the exceptions,
instead you want to print the traceback in a customized way.  But I may be 
wrong...

Thomas

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

Kay Schluehr wrote:
> On Jul 3, 8:12 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cameron Laird) wrote:
>
> > Python is simply easier than C++; you might
> > well find that a debugger, for example, doesn't feel as essential
> > as it is for you with C++.
>
> That's what I love most about the Python community. Whenever there is
> just a non-standard, platform-dependent or crappy implementation of a
> feature you get told that you don't need it.

A fairly nice debugger is standard and built-in to the regular Python
distribution on all platforms.

But 95% of what a debugger is used for IME is getting a stack trace--
in Python (or Java or Ruby or most modern languages) you get that
automatically, and the debugger is nowhere near as useful as it is in
C or C++.

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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Christoph Zwerschke]

Thomas Heller wrote:
> I have the impression that you do NOT want to change the exceptions,
> instead you want to print the traceback in a customized way.  But I may be 
> wrong...

No, I really want to modify the exception, supplementing its message 
with additional information about the state of the program.

The use case are compiled Kid templates (http://kid-templating.org). If 
an error occurs, I want to add the corresponding line number of the XML 
file as information for the template developer. Since the final error 
handling may happen somewhere else (e.g. by TurboGears importing a Kid 
template), I do not want to modify trackeback handling or something.

-- Chris
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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[Aahz]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Steven D'Aprano  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>My main feeling is that any such function should be a set method rather
>than a built-in function like len(). The name change was comparatively
>unimportant.

Look up at the Subject: line.  There never was any suggestion that
intersects() be anything other than a set method.
-- 
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I support the RKAB
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Paul McGuire]

On Jul 5, 9:21 am, Roy Smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>  Nicola Musatti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > [...]
> > > That's a property of open source projects.
> > > Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>
> > No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
> > features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>
> No, no, squared.  In a commercial project, the only features that get
> implemented are the ones somebody is willing to pay for.  Whether there is
> any correlation between need and willingness to pay is an open question.

Then tell us, pray, who was willing to pay for the epitome of useless
features in MS Word, that Useless Features' Useless Feature, the
ability to format text with the animated effect "Marching Red Ants"?
I'm sure I paid for it, but it wasn't willingly...

-- Paul

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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2007-07-05, Christoph Zwerschke <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Thomas Heller wrote:
>> I have the impression that you do NOT want to change the
>> exceptions, instead you want to print the traceback in a
>> customized way.  But I may be wrong...
>
> No, I really want to modify the exception, supplementing its
> message with additional information about the state of the
> program.
>
> The use case are compiled Kid templates
> (http://kid-templating.org). If an error occurs, I want to add
> the corresponding line number of the XML file as information
> for the template developer. Since the final error handling may
> happen somewhere else (e.g. by TurboGears importing a Kid
> template), I do not want to modify trackeback handling or
> something.

The documentation for BaseException contains something that might
be relevant:

   [...] If more data needs to be attached to the exception,
   attach it through arbitrary attributes on the instance. All
   arguments are also stored in args as a tuple, but it will
   eventually be deprecated and thus its use is discouraged. New
   in version 2.5. [...]

I don't know if something like the following would help:

>>> def foo():
...   try:
... 12/0
...   except ZeroDivisionError, e:
... e.my_info = "Oops!"
... raise
...
>>> try:
...   foo()
... except ZeroDivisionError, e:
...   print e.my_info
...
Oops!

Users could get at the extra info you attached, but it wouldn't
be automatically displayed by the interpreter.

-- 
Neil Cerutti
Symphonies of the Romantic era were a lot longer in length. --Music Lit Essay
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2007-07-05, Paul McGuire <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 5, 9:21 am, Roy Smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>>  Nicola Musatti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>
>> > On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> > [...]
>> > > That's a property of open source projects.
>> > > Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>>
>> > No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
>> > features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>>
>> No, no, squared.  In a commercial project, the only features that get
>> implemented are the ones somebody is willing to pay for.  Whether there is
>> any correlation between need and willingness to pay is an open question.
>
> Then tell us, pray, who was willing to pay for the epitome of useless
> features in MS Word, that Useless Features' Useless Feature, the
> ability to format text with the animated effect "Marching Red Ants"?
> I'm sure I paid for it, but it wasn't willingly...

You should count your blessings. At least it doesn't play
pinball any more. At least, I hope not.

-- 
Neil Cerutti
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Cameron Laird]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Kay Schluehr  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On Jul 3, 8:12 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cameron Laird) wrote:
>
>> Python is simply easier than C++; you might
>> well find that a debugger, for example, doesn't feel as essential
>> as it is for you with C++.
>
>That's what I love most about the Python community. Whenever there is
>just a non-standard, platform-dependent or crappy implementation of a
>feature you get told that you don't need it. When printf was good for
>little David print is good enough for me.
>
>Among the first things I examine about an IDE ( for Python ) is the
>integration of a good REPL and how well recursive functions can be
>debugged ( yes, I know, Pythonistas can't recurse and so it is not
>recommended as well but sometimes ... )
>

You've made factual claims with which I can't agree.

If I understand you correctly, Pythoneers (to the exclusion of other
software workers?) are prone to misrepresent lacunae as irrelevant.
Perhaps I've done so in this case; perhaps I characteristically do
so myself, and need to examine my own judgment more closely.  It
simply is not true, though, and even slanderous, to leave the
impression that the community as a whole wallows "fat and dumb" in
its rut of missing features.  Py2exe, pyexpect, pylint, ElementTree,
and many, many other Python facilities we now take for granted didn't
exist at one time, and were recognized as important lacks.  Old
comp.lang.python threads make this clear.

In writing this, I don't mean to minimize at all the merit of the
specific individuals who authored ElementTree, pylint, and so on.

You seem also to be saying that all Python debuggers are "non-standard,
platform-dependent or crappy".  Is that truly your assessment of pdb
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-pdb.html >?  Or are you focused
on the IDEs http://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments >, and
really see them all that way?

Anyway, I repeat my claim:  I recommend to the original poster that he
consider learning Python in a style that's qualitatively different--
"lighter"--than his experience with C++.
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Re: Building a Python app with Mozilla

[[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

greg wrote:
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>
> > wxWidgets will give you native looking apps on both Linux and Windows
>
> Well, maybe. There's more to getting a native feel than
> just using the right widgets. I once saw a Qt-based app on
> MacOSX that had tiny little buttons that were too small
> for the text they contained -- Aqua buttons just don't
> scale down like that. :-(

wxWidgets isn't Qt-related.  wx wraps the Aqua widgets on MacOS, the
gtk widgets on Linux, and the Windows widgets on Windows.  So you're
actually using the real platform-specific widgets, and if you follow
the style guidelines you'll get pretty native-looking apps (including
things like the menubar showing up in the app on Linux/Windows but
using the main menubar on Mac).

Last I looked (3.1-ish), Qt didn't use the Aqua widgets but rather
tried to write their own widgets that looked (kinda) like the MacOS
widgets.  I hear that may have changed in more recent versions, but I
no longer have a Mac.  They did do the menubar correctly even at that
time, though.

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Kay Schluehr]

On Jul 5, 4:08 pm, Nicola Musatti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> [...]
>
> > That's a property of open source projects.
> > Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>
> No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
> features nobody really needs are not implemented. Profit is
> fundamental in convincing you that you really need the features.
>
> On the other hand open source projects tend to lack features nobody
> enjoys implementing.

OSS projects have the healthy tendency to die silently. No one has yet
counted all the corpses.

Someone has mentioned Eclipse before and it somehow indicates that the
strongest distinction between an OSS project and a commercial one is
the property of being OSS.

Kay

> Cheers,
> Nicola Musatti
>
> P.S. Maybe I should add a ;-)

This is a full ;-) thread. So it would be a bit redundant to mention
it - just like this meta-comment.

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Re: WXPYTHON push button call a frame

[kyosohma]

On Jul 5, 9:04 am, Marcpp <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On 5 jul, 14:51, Steve Holden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > Marcpp wrote:
> > > Hi I need to call a widget from a button in WXPYTHON. I've tried to
> > > this from a function like this, but when push the button, the program
> > > opens a window and do error.
> > > Any idea?
>
> > Well, one *really* good idea would be to copy the error message and
> > paste it into your message. The readers of this list have amazing
> > psychic powers, but you can always help improve the answer quality by
> > providing relevant information.
>
> > > .
> > > def DialogRRHH(self,event):
> > > prog = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> > > wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> > > DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
> > > prog.SetTopWindow(DialogRRHH)
> > > DialogRRHH.Show()
> > > prog.MainLoop()
>
> > > class MTRRHH(wx.Frame):
> > > ...
> > > if __name__ == "__main__":
> > > app = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> > > wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> > > tasques = tasques(None, -1, "")
> > > app.SetTopWindow(tasques)
> > > tasques.Show()
> > > app.MainLoop()
>
> > Unfortunately your code extracts don't tell us what's going wrong, only
> > how the program is constructed. While that *is* useful information, by
> > itself it only paints half the picture.
>
> > regards
> >   Steve
> > --
> > Steve Holden+1 571 484 6266   +1 800 494 3119
> > Holden Web LLC/Ltd  http://www.holdenweb.com
> > Skype: holdenweb  http://del.icio.us/steve.holden
> > --- Asciimercial --
> > Get on the web: Blog, lens and tag the Internet
> > Many services currently offer free registration
> > --- Thank You for Reading -
>
> Hi, the problem is No Error message, but the program continues running
> after I closed it (by the X).

When I open a custom frame from one of my applications, I do something
like this:




def BtnEventHandler(self, event):
frame = myFrame()
frame.Show()






class myFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, filename=None):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1, 'Whatever', size=(570,295))
# you can set the OnTop style here
# lots of other code...

def OnClose(self, event):
# Close the frame
self.Close()



If you have additional problems, try mailing the wxPython group, which
you can find here: www.wxpython.org

Mike



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Re: PyRun_String using my module in a def

[Alex Martelli]

Gabriel Genellina <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> En Thu, 05 Jul 2007 01:19:32 -0300, Stuart <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  
> escribió:
> 
> > What command do you mean when you say "update main_dict with
> > dlfl_dict"?
> 
> I think Alex Martelly was refering to use main_dict.update(dlfl_dict)
> (Python code) or PyDict_Update(main_dict, dlfl_dict) (in C code).

Yep.


> > I tried PyObject *rstring = PyRun_String( cmd, Py_file_input,
> > dlfl_dict, dlfl_dict );
> > This worked, but has the side effect of not allowing other commands
> > like "execfile"
> 
> The idea is to copy all items from dlfl_dict into main_dict, and use
> main_dict for both globals and locals.

Exactly.


Alex
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Nicola Musatti]

On Jul 5, 4:21 pm, Roy Smith <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>  Nicola Musatti <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > On Jul 5, 1:23 pm, Gregor Horvath <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > [...]
> > > That's a property of open source projects.
> > > Features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>
> > No, no, you got it all wrong. It's in *commercial* projects that
> > features nobody really needs are not implemented.
>
> No, no, squared.  In a commercial project, the only features that get
> implemented are the ones somebody is willing to pay for.  Whether there is
> any correlation between need and willingness to pay is an open question.

Ah, but you snipped the most important part of my post:
> Profit is fundamental in convincing you that you really
> need the features.

I mean, marketing is all about creating the willingness by stimulating
the perception of the need.

Cheers,
Nicola Musatti

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Re: list.append not working?

[Hardy]

On 5 Jul., 18:07, infidel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 5, 8:58 am, Hardy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > I experience a problem with append(). This is a part of my code:
>
> > for entity in temp:
> > md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
> > md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
> > md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
> > #print md
> > mbusentities.append(md)
> > #print mbusentities
>
> > I want something like: [{'module': 'home', 'id': 123, 'type': 'core'},
> > {'module': 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}]
> > md is always correct, BUT:mbusentities is wrong. Length of
> > mbusentities is same of temp, so it appended everything. BUT:
> > mbusentities only shows the values of the last append: [{'module':
> > 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}, {'module': 'work', 'id': 456,
> > 'type': 'core'}]
>
> > What's wrong?
>
> You're reusing the same "md" dictionary over and over, appending the
> same object to the list each time.  So what you have is a list of
> references to the same dictionary.  You need to set md = {} first
> thing each iteration.

Thanks, that was my mistake, should take a break, getting code-blind :D

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Re: list.append not working?

[infidel]

On Jul 5, 8:58 am, Hardy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I experience a problem with append(). This is a part of my code:
>
> for entity in temp:
> md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
> md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
> md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
> #print md
> mbusentities.append(md)
> #print mbusentities
>
> I want something like: [{'module': 'home', 'id': 123, 'type': 'core'},
> {'module': 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}]
> md is always correct, BUT:mbusentities is wrong. Length of
> mbusentities is same of temp, so it appended everything. BUT:
> mbusentities only shows the values of the last append: [{'module':
> 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}, {'module': 'work', 'id': 456,
> 'type': 'core'}]
>
> What's wrong?

You're reusing the same "md" dictionary over and over, appending the
same object to the list each time.  So what you have is a list of
references to the same dictionary.  You need to set md = {} first
thing each iteration.

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Re: How can i change an Object type ?

[KuhlmannSascha]

On Jul 4, 12:14 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> On Jul 4, 12:40 am, Tim Roberts <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > KuhlmannSascha <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> > >i tried now for several hours to read through a win32com API to access
> > >Itunes and read out myplaylists.
>
> > >First of all the Code:
> > >...
> > >The current Logic is to access first Itunes and then a Playlist
> > >Collection.
> > >This Playlist collection returns different kind of objects for
> > >Playlists.
> > >I am focussing on the Playlists of the object UserPlaylist.
> > >(CodeLine:   if curPlaylist.Kind == 2:)
> > >After that i should be sure to have a UserPlaylist, but Python stops
> > >with an exception that the requested Attribute "Smart"  is not
> > >available
> > >Error MEssage:
> > >AttributeError: ' > >instance at 0x30216960>' object has no attribute 'Smart'
>
> > Smart is part of IITUserPlaylist, not IITPlaylist.  You need to call
> > curPlaylist.QueryInterface to get the IITUserPlaylist, but that means
> > you'll need to know the GUID for IITUserPlaylist.  Perhaps Google will
> > help.
> > --
> > Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> > Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.
>
> These look like they could give you some pointers too:
>
> http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/archives/001627.htmlhttp://lazycat.org/backburner.htmlhttp://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2007-February/005506.html
>
> Mike

Thanks all of you !
The Casting was the issue !!!
Regards
Sascha

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list.append not working?

[Hardy]

I experience a problem with append(). This is a part of my code:

for entity in temp:
md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
#print md
mbusentities.append(md)
#print mbusentities

I want something like: [{'module': 'home', 'id': 123, 'type': 'core'},
{'module': 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}]
md is always correct, BUT:mbusentities is wrong. Length of
mbusentities is same of temp, so it appended everything. BUT:
mbusentities only shows the values of the last append: [{'module':
'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}, {'module': 'work', 'id': 456,
'type': 'core'}]

What's wrong?

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Re: list.append not working?

[7stud]

Hardy wrote:
> I experience a problem with append(). This is a part of my code:
>
> for entity in temp:
> md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
> md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
> md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
> #print md
> mbusentities.append(md)
> #print mbusentities
>
> I want something like: [{'module': 'home', 'id': 123, 'type': 'core'},
> {'module': 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}]
> md is always correct, BUT:mbusentities is wrong. Length of
> mbusentities is same of temp, so it appended everything. BUT:
> mbusentities only shows the values of the last append: [{'module':
> 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}, {'module': 'work', 'id': 456,
> 'type': 'core'}]
>
> What's wrong?

Inside your loop, you assign md["module"], md["id"], and md["type"]
the same values over and over again.

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Re: Chat programs

[Thomas Jollans]

On Thursday 05 July 2007, HangZhou Monty Boy wrote:
> I'd like to think of building a chat program, could you advise me if
> python is good enough for people to get all of my source code ?

I'm not sure what the language you use has to do with how people acquire your 
source code, but (remember: this is a python list) I think python is a 
brilliant language for many things, including building chat programs [1] ;-)

[1]: http://zombiehq.xyzplanet.net/zhq/projects/chat
  this really needs an update... like automatic client discovery etc...

-- 
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GPG key: 0xF421434B may be found on various keyservers, eg pgp.mit.edu
Hacker key :
v4sw6+8Yhw4/5ln3pr5Ock2ma2u7Lw2Nl7Di2e2t3/4TMb6HOPTen5/6g5OPa1XsMr9p-7/-6


signature.asc
Description: This is a digitally signed message part.
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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Thu, 05 Jul 2007 07:34:28 -0700, Aahz wrote:

> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> Steven D'Aprano  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>
>>My main feeling is that any such function should be a set method rather
>>than a built-in function like len(). The name change was comparatively
>>unimportant.
> 
> Look up at the Subject: line.  

Subject line? What's that?

*chagrined wink*

> There never was any suggestion that
> intersects() be anything other than a set method.

My fault for replying to a reply instead of the original post.


-- 
Steven.

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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Chris Mellon]

On 7/5/07, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
>
> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
> 35983,CT
> 39161,CT
> 47240,EST
>
>
>
> Apparently the way to do this is:
>
> import csv
>
> dictZipZones = {}
>
> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
> for row in reader:
>  # Add the row to the dictionary
>
>
> But how to do this?
>
> Apparently there is no dict.append() nor dict.add()
>
> But what is there?  I see vague references to "the dict() constructor"
> and some examples, and news that it has been recently improved.  But
> where is the full, current documentation for the dict() constructor?
>

There's no dict.append or dict.add because a dict doesn't require
them. You insert keys via the normal indexing interface:

somedict[somekey] = somevalue.

Depending on which direction your mapping is, you may be interested in
the setdefault method.

The dict constructor is described in section 2.1, built in functions
(even though it's not a function anymore).

The other dict methods are described in section 3.8, mapping types.
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Re: Python's "only one way to do it" philosophy isn't good?

[Chris Mellon]

On 7/2/07, Douglas Alan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Lenard Lindstrom <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> > If they are simply a performance tweak then it's not an issue *. I
> > was just concerned that the calls were necessary to keep resources
> > from being exhausted.
>
> Well, if you catch an exception and don't return quickly, you have to
> consider not only the possibility that there could be some open files
> left in the traceback, but also that there could be a large and now
> useless data structures stored in the traceback.
>
> Some people here have been arguing that all code should use "with" to
> ensure that the files are closed.  But this still wouldn't solve the
> problem of the large data structures being left around for an
> arbitrary amount of time.
>

I don't think anyone has suggested that. Let me be clear about *my*
position: When you need to ensure that a file has been closed by a
certain time, you need to be explicit about it. When you don't care,
just that it will be closed "soonish" then relying on normal object
lifetime calls is sufficient. This is true regardless of whether
object lifetimes are handled via refcount or via "true" garbage
collection. Relying on the specific semantics of refcounting to give
certain lifetimes is a logic error.

For example:

f = some_file() #maybe it's the file store for a database implementation
f.write('a bunch of stuff')
del f
#insert code that assumes f is closed.

This is the sort of code that I warn against writing.

f = some_file()
with f:
  f.write("a bunch of stuff")
#insert code that assumes f is closed, but correctly this time

is better.

On the other hand,
f = some_file()
f.write("a bunch of stuff")
#insert code that doesn't care about the state of f

is also fine. It *remains* fine no matter what kind of object lifetime
policy we have. The very worst case is that the file will never be
closed. However, this is exactly the sort of guarantee that GC can't
make, just as it can't ensure that you won't run out of memory. That's
a general case argument about refcounting semantics vs GC semantics,
and there are benefits and disadvantages to both sides.

What I am arguing against are explicit assumptions based on implicit
behaviors. Those are always fragile, and doubly so when the implicit
behavior isn't guaranteed (and, in fact, is explicitly *not*
guaranteed, as with refcounting semantics).
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Re: list.append not working?

[Abhishek Jain]

with every iteration your previous values are overwritten ('md' is a
dictionary) so thats why your are observing this ouput..

check  if the following patch solves your problem

for entity in temp:
   md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
   md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
   md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
   #print md
   mbusentities.append(md)
   md = {}
   #print mbusentities


Regards
Abhi




On 7/5/07, Hardy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:


I experience a problem with append(). This is a part of my code:

for entity in temp:
md['module']= entity.addr.get('module')
md['id']=entity.addr.get('id')
md['type']=entity.addr.get('type')
#print md
mbusentities.append(md)
#print mbusentities

I want something like: [{'module': 'home', 'id': 123, 'type': 'core'},
{'module': 'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}]
md is always correct, BUT:mbusentities is wrong. Length of
mbusentities is same of temp, so it appended everything. BUT:
mbusentities only shows the values of the last append: [{'module':
'work', 'id': 456, 'type': 'core'}, {'module': 'work', 'id': 456,
'type': 'core'}]

What's wrong?

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Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Captain Poutine]

I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.

(if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
35983,CT
39161,CT
47240,EST



Apparently the way to do this is:

import csv

dictZipZones = {}

reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
for row in reader:
 # Add the row to the dictionary


But how to do this?

Apparently there is no dict.append() nor dict.add()

But what is there?  I see vague references to "the dict() constructor" 
and some examples, and news that it has been recently improved.  But 
where is the full, current documentation for the dict() constructor?

Frustrated,
Captain Poutine

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Cameron Laird]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Gregor Horvath  <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>kimiraikkonen schrieb:
>
>> My another aim is: Can i develop graphical applications (like in
>> Windows) which contain menus, interactive dialog boxes etc. using
>> Ptyhon?
>> 
>> I got it quite but not sure. I don't know Ptyhon's capability skills
>> for creating interactive softwares like in Windows's created by C++ or
>> Delphi.
>> 
>
>have a look at Dabo
>
>http://www.dabodev.com/
.
.
.
I want to make this explicit for the benefit of the original questioner:
A.  Dabo's great stuff; but
B.  there are, at the same time, quite a few
other frameworks for GUI programming with
Python http://wiki.python.org/moin/GuiProgramming >.
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Re: disappearing documentation of `coerce`

[Alan Isaac]

> On 2007-07-05, Alan Isaac <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>Once upon a time, `coerce` was documented
>>with the other built-ins.


Neil Cerutti wrote:
> It's now documented in Library Reference 2.2 Non-essential
> Built-in Functions.
> Apparently it is no longer needed or useful, but only kept for
> backward compatibility.


Thanks.
I now see that it is going away:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3100/

Cheers,
Alan Isaac
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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[Steven D'Aprano]

On Thu, 05 Jul 2007 01:48:58 +, richyjsm wrote:

> On Jul 4, 8:14 pm, Steven D'Aprano
> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> However, there's a very subtle flaw in the idea. While "the intersection"
>> of two sets is well-defined, "these two sets intersect" is (surprisingly!)
>> _not_ well-defined.
> 
> Poppycock!  It's perfectly well defined:  two sets intersect if and
> only if their intersection is nonempty.

That's certainly _a_ definition.

I'm not a professional set theorist, but in 15-odd years of studying and
teaching maths I've never come across mathematicians using intersect as a
verb except as informal short-hand. I often say "North Street and South
Street don't intersect", but "the intersection of sets A and B is empty".

Just because I've never come across it doesn't mean it exists, so I'd be
grateful for any reference to a technical definition, or even references
to any mathematician using intersect as a verb in a vigorous,
non-hand-waving way. Here's a link to get you started:

http://www.google.com.au/search?q=define%3Aintersect


> There's absolutely no reason
> to single out the empty set for special treatment in this definition.

But you can't avoid treating the empty set as special, because it _is_
special. You can only choose where to do so. For instance, do sets
intersect with themselves?

By my rule, every set intersects with itself, no exceptions.

By your rule, every set intersects with itself, except for the empty set.



>> The problem comes if we (perhaps naively) try to say that if a set A is a
>> subset of set B, set A must intersect with B.
> 
> Well of course false statements are going to cause problems.

My statement is only false if we treat the empty set as special, which
you've said we shouldn't do.

By my rule: if A <= B, then A and B intersect, no exceptions.

By your rule: if A <= B and A is not the empty set, then A and B intersect.



>> (Not all intersecting sets are subsets, but all subsets are
>> intersecting sets.)
> 
> Not true.

Can you give a counter-example, without treating the empty set as special?

Of course if you exclude the empty set by definition, my statement is no
longer true -- but that's begging the question of whether we should
exclude the empty set or not.


>> As a result, any proposed function or method that returns a True/False
>> value for whether set A intersects with set B needs to define (and
>> justify) what it means to say that two sets intersect when one or both
>> are the empty set.
> 
> Nope.  There's one, obvious, correct definition, as given above.  No
> need to mention the empty set at all.

It is obvious, but whether it is correct or not depends on how you decide
whether two things intersect or not.


-- 
Steven.

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Re: login http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi broken ?

[gert]

On Jul 5, 8:30 am, "Martin v. Löwis" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> gert schrieb:
>
> > tried reseting password but i can not login anymore to upload my new
> > source code ?
>
> Please try again. It was a misconfiguration which should be fixed now.
>
> Regards,
> Martin

thank you, it works.

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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[kimiraikkonen]

I just wanted a simple answer to my simple question, however topic has
messed up. Think questioner as a beginner and use more understandable
terms to help :)

Thanks.

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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[OKB (not okblacke)]

Steven D'Aprano wrote:

> Just because I've never come across it doesn't mean it exists, so
> I'd be grateful for any reference to a technical definition, or
> even references to any mathematician using intersect as a verb in a
> vigorous, non-hand-waving way. Here's a link to get you started:

Here ( http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/math/pdf/0702/0702029v1.pdf )is a 
Russian math text (in English) which says:

"If A \cap B 6 = \emptyset, then we say that the sets A and B do 
intersect. Otherwise, if A \cap B = \emptyset, then we say that these 
sets do not intersect."

Here ( 
http://www.tcs.ifi.lmu.de/~fischerf/publications/bfh_tark07.pdf ) is a 
math paper which says:

"Sets that are disjoint in the diagram may have an empty 
intersection, i.e., there exist instances where these sets do not 
intersect."

A simple Google search will also turn up numerous uses of the 
phrase "non-intersecting sets", which would seem to be parallel (i.e., 
people are not bending over backwards to say "disjoint sets" or "sets 
with empty intersection").

-- 
--OKB (not okblacke)
Brendan Barnwell
"Do not follow where the path may lead.  Go, instead, where there is
no path, and leave a trail."
--author unknown
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Re: The best platform and editor for Python

[Mark Morss]

On Jul 1, 3:30 pm, "Sönmez Kartal" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
"Emacs is the best for anything for me."

Me too.

Also, as pointed out by some others, a debugger is not really all that
necessary for an interpreted language like Python.

> > Hi,
> > For experienced with Pyhton users, which developing software and
> > enviroment would you suggest for Pyhton programming? Compiler+Editor
> > +Debugger.
>
> > Also what are your suggestions for beginners of Pyhton programming?
>
> > Thank you.
>
> > --
> >http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


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deliberate versus os socket timeout

[Robin Becker]

While messing about with some deliberate socket timeout code I got an 
unexpected 
timeout after 20 seconds when my code was doing socket.setdefaulttimeout(120).

Closer inspection revealed that this error in fact seemed to come from the os 
(in this case windows xp).

By inspection of test cases the error.reason from the deliberate socket timeout 
looks like
 'timed out'
whereas the windows caused timeout error.reason looks like
 '(10060 operation timed out)'

it would be nice to know if that is in fact true and whether there is any way 
to 
do the attribution of errors more sensibly.

Both of these seem to cause urllib2.URLError and presumably appear somewhere in 
the socket code.

It might be nice if the deliberate timeout could be something like 'timed out 
deliberately after xxx seconds'.

More importantly is there anything I can do to avoid these wrong os inspired 
timeouts? I'm just using urllib2 to read from a remote site inside of a cgi 
script. I'm not sure it's a big problem, but I have no idea what could cause it.

The code I'm using is based on one of jjlee's recipes

def httpGet(self):
 import urllib2, socket
 from xml.sax.saxutils import escape
 oto = socket.getdefaulttimeout()
 try:
 socket.setdefaulttimeout(self.timeout)
 self.url = url = self.makeUrl(self.params)
 try:
 self.response = r = urllib2.urlopen(url)
 except urllib2.URLError, e:
 if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
 msg = 'HTTP error '+str(e.reason)
 if 'time' in msg:
 msg += '(our timeout=%s)' % socket.getdefaulttimeout()
 return 1,escape(msg)
 elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
 return 1, escape('The server couldn\'t fulfill the 
request.\nError code: '+str(e.code))
 else:
 # everything is fine
 h = self.headers = {}
 
 return 0,..
 finally:
 socket.setdefaulttimeout(oto)

-- 
Robin Becker

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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
>
> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
> 35983,CT
> 39161,CT
> 47240,EST
>
>
>
> Apparently the way to do this is:
>
> import csv
>
> dictZipZones = {}
>
> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
> for row in reader:
>  # Add the row to the dictionary

In addition to Chris's answer, the csv module can read and write
dictionaries directly. Look up csv.DictReader and csv.DictWriter.

-- 
Neil Cerutti
In my prime I could have handled Michael Jordan.  Of course, he would be only
12 years old. --Jerry Sloan
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need help with converting c function to python function

[nephish]

hello all,

i have a c function from some modbus documentation that i need to
translate into python.

it looks like this:


unsigned short CRC16(puchMsg, usDataLen)
unsigned char *puchMsg ;
unsigned short usDataLen ;
{
   unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF ;
   unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF ;
   unsigned uIndex ;
   while (usDataLen--)
   {
   uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ;
   uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex} ;
   uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex] ;
   }
   return (uchCRCHi << 8 | uchCRCLo) ;
}

some of it i can make out, but i can't seem to figgure out
this part ' auchCRCHi[uIndex};
it looks like a typo, because there is a closing } that does not match
the opening [.


here is what i have so far, but is not giving me the right values

 def crc16(data):
 crc_hi = 0xff
 crc_lo = 0xff
 for x in data:
 crc_index = crc_hi ^ x
 crc_hi = crc_lo ^ (crc_hi | crc_index)
 crc_lo = crc_lo | crc_index
 return (crc_hi << 8 | crc_lo)

whaddya think?

thanks

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Re: WXPYTHON push button call a frame

[Roel Schroeven]

Marcpp schreef:
> Hi I need to call a widget from a button in WXPYTHON. I've tried to
> this from a function like this, but when push the button, the program
> opens a window and do error.
> Any idea?
> 
> .
> def DialogRRHH(self,event):
> prog = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
> prog.SetTopWindow(DialogRRHH)
> DialogRRHH.Show()
> prog.MainLoop()
> 
> class MTRRHH(wx.Frame):
> ...
> if __name__ == "__main__":
> app = wx.PySimpleApp(0)
> wx.InitAllImageHandlers()
> tasques = tasques(None, -1, "")
> app.SetTopWindow(tasques)
> tasques.Show()
> app.MainLoop()

In DialogRRHH() you create a new application object with a new event 
loop, while you already have one running. wxPython should have only one 
application object though; otherwise there conflicts between the 
different event loops. Also you don't need to call 
wx.InitAllImageHandlers() again.

It seems to me that in DialogRRHH() you want to create a dialog and wait 
until the user closes it. In that case, it should look more or less like 
this (beware, I'm not a wxPython expert myself):

 def DialogRRHH(self, event):
 DialogRRHH = MTRRHH(None, -1, "")
 DialogRRHH.ShowModal()

Also, in that case MTRRHH should be a wxDialog, not a wxFrame.

In case you want to show MTRRHH without waiting for the user to close 
it, use DialogRRHH.Show() instead of .ShowModal(). I think MTRRHH can be 
either a wxDialog or a wxForm in that case.



-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven
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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Peter Otten]

Neil Cerutti wrote:

> On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
>>
>> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
>> 35983,CT
>> 39161,CT
>> 47240,EST
>>
>>
>>
>> Apparently the way to do this is:
>>
>> import csv
>>
>> dictZipZones = {}
>>
>> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
>> for row in reader:
>>  # Add the row to the dictionary
> 
> In addition to Chris's answer, the csv module can read and write
> dictionaries directly. Look up csv.DictReader and csv.DictWriter.

DictReader gives one dict per row, with field names as keys. The OP is more
likely to want

dict(csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb")))

which produces a dict that maps ZIP codes to time zones.

Peter

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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Captain Poutine]

Neil Cerutti wrote:
> On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
>>
>> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
>> 35983,CT
>> 39161,CT
>> 47240,EST
>>
>>
>>
>> Apparently the way to do this is:
>>
>> import csv
>>
>> dictZipZones = {}
>>
>> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
>> for row in reader:
>>  # Add the row to the dictionary
> 
> In addition to Chris's answer, the csv module can read and write
> dictionaries directly. Look up csv.DictReader and csv.DictWriter.
> 

Yes, thanks.  I was happy when I saw it at 
http://www.python.org/doc/2.4/lib/node615.html


"Reader objects (DictReader instances and objects returned by the 
reader() function) have the following public methods:

next(   )
 Return the next row of the reader's iterable object as a list, 
parsed according to the current dialect."

But that's not enough information for me to use.  Also, the doc says 
basically "csv has dialects," but doesn't even enumerate them.  Where is 
the real documentation?


Also, when I do a print of row, it comes out as:
['12345', 'ET']

But there are no quotes around the number in the file.  Why is Python 
making it a string?

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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Christoph Zwerschke]

Neil Cerutti wrote:
> The documentation for BaseException contains something that might
> be relevant:
> 
>[...] If more data needs to be attached to the exception,
>attach it through arbitrary attributes on the instance. All
>
> Users could get at the extra info you attached, but it wouldn't
> be automatically displayed by the interpreter.

Yes, that's the problem here. It wouldn't be displayed automatically and 
the users must be aware of this attribute. I'd like to have a more 
transparent solution.

-- Chris
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Re: Python's "only one way to do it" philosophy isn't good?

[Falcolas]

On Jul 5, 10:30 am, "Chris Mellon" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
> I don't think anyone has suggested that. Let me be clear about *my*
> position: When you need to ensure that a file has been closed by a
> certain time, you need to be explicit about it. When you don't care,
> just that it will be closed "soonish" then relying on normal object
> lifetime calls is sufficient. This is true regardless of whether
> object lifetimes are handled via refcount or via "true" garbage
> collection. Relying on the specific semantics of refcounting to give
> certain lifetimes is a logic error.
>
> For example:
>
> f = some_file() #maybe it's the file store for a database implementation
> f.write('a bunch of stuff')
> del f
> #insert code that assumes f is closed.
>
> This is the sort of code that I warn against writing.
>
> f = some_file()
> with f:
>   f.write("a bunch of stuff")
> #insert code that assumes f is closed, but correctly this time
>
> is better.

This has raised a few questions in my mind. So, here's my newbie
question based off this.

Is this:

f = open(xyz)
f.write("wheee")
f.close()
# Assume file is closed properly.

as "safe" as your code:

f = some_file()
with f:
  f.write("a bunch of stuff")
#insert code that assumes f is closed, but correctly this time

Thanks!

G

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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Captain Poutine]

Peter Otten wrote:
> Neil Cerutti wrote:
> 
>> On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
>>>
>>> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
>>> 35983,CT
>>> 39161,CT
>>> 47240,EST
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Apparently the way to do this is:
>>>
>>> import csv
>>>
>>> dictZipZones = {}
>>>
>>> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
>>> for row in reader:
>>>  # Add the row to the dictionary
>> In addition to Chris's answer, the csv module can read and write
>> dictionaries directly. Look up csv.DictReader and csv.DictWriter.
> 
> DictReader gives one dict per row, with field names as keys. The OP is more
> likely to want
> 
> dict(csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb")))
> 
> which produces a dict that maps ZIP codes to time zones.
> 
> Peter
> 

Thanks Peter, that basically works, even if I don't understand it.

What does "rb" mean? (read binary?)
Why are the keys turned into strings (they are not quoted in the .csv file)?

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SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[_spitFIRE]

Is it possible to run a SMTP server that sends mail to recipients
using standard libraries, without using twisted framework, and also
without using any relay server?

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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Thomas Jollans]

On Thursday 05 July 2007, Captain Poutine wrote:
> Peter Otten wrote:
> > Neil Cerutti wrote:
> >> On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >>> I'm simply trying to read a CSV into a dictionary.
> >>>
> >>> (if it matters, it's ZIP codes and time zones, i.e.,
> >>> 35983,CT
> >>> 39161,CT
> >>> 47240,EST
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> Apparently the way to do this is:
> >>>
> >>> import csv
> >>>
> >>> dictZipZones = {}
> >>>
> >>> reader = csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb"))
> >>> for row in reader:
> >>>  # Add the row to the dictionary
> >>
> >> In addition to Chris's answer, the csv module can read and write
> >> dictionaries directly. Look up csv.DictReader and csv.DictWriter.
> >
> > DictReader gives one dict per row, with field names as keys. The OP is
> > more likely to want
> >
> > dict(csv.reader(open("some.csv", "rb")))
> >
> > which produces a dict that maps ZIP codes to time zones.
> >
> > Peter
>
> Thanks Peter, that basically works, even if I don't understand it.
>
> What does "rb" mean? (read binary?)
> Why are the keys turned into strings (they are not quoted in the .csv
> file)?

"rb" is read, in binary mode. On DOS and derivatives this prevents intentional 
file corruption when reading. (for ASCII files, omitting the b might be 
desirable...)

Think of csv.reader as a fancy variant of the following: (fancy in that it 
supports things like non-comma separators and comma escaping)

def CSVReader(file):
  for line in file:
yield line.split(',')

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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[Jeff McNeil]

If you just want to send mail, you should be able to use the standard
smtplib module (http://docs.python.org/lib/module-smtplib.html). If
your recipients are on the Internet, you would need to handle MX
resolution yourself.

I know you said you want to avoid a relay server, but it's probably
the best bet unless you control the SMTP infrastructure or are simply
sending messages locally. Otherwise, you'll probably need to also
implement queuing and retry logic (depending on your requirements).
There are also some warning lights that may go off and flag your mail
as spam if you're using a method like that...

-Jeff

On 7/5/07, _spitFIRE <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Is it possible to run a SMTP server that sends mail to recipients
> using standard libraries, without using twisted framework, and also
> without using any relay server?
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[_spitFIRE]

On Jul 5, 1:34 pm, "Jeff McNeil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> If you just want to send mail, you should be able to use the standard
> smtplib module (http://docs.python.org/lib/module-smtplib.html). If
> your recipients are on the Internet, you would need to handle MX
> resolution yourself.
>

How complicated is to handle the MX resolution by myself? I'm sorry
that I don't have a clue regarding that. Any pointers would be greatly
appreciated.

> I know you said you want to avoid a relay server, but it's probably
> the best bet unless you control the SMTP infrastructure or are simply
> sending messages locally.

The problem is that with the scenario I'm faced with, I don't have any
reliable SMTP server that I can use. Hence, I though I will spawn my
own light-weight SMTP server that can send mails to the people I want,
on the Internet. But, from what you are saying it seems, it might not
be that light weight after all!

> Otherwise, you'll probably need to also
> implement queuing and retry logic (depending on your requirements).

Isn't there a library module that can help me implement all this?

> There are also some warning lights that may go off and flag your mail
> as spam if you're using a method like that...
>
> -Jeff

Would you please fill me in with some pointers as to why my mail might
get flagged as spam? Would it be considered spam even if I've a valid
from address, and a proper message/subject? Does the spam filter also
rely on the sending server's DNS etc because of which you say it might
get flagged as spam?

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Re: Shed Skin Python-to-C++ Compiler 0.0.21, Help needed

[Klaas]

On Jun 29, 3:48 am, "Mark Dufour" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> I have just released version 0.0.22 of Shed Skin, an experimental
> Python-to-C++ compiler. Among other things, it has the exciting new
> feature of being able to generate (simple, for now) extension modules,
> so it's much easier to compile parts of a program and use them (by
> just importing them). Here's the complete changelog:
>
> -support for generating simple extension modules (linux/windows; see README)

Great work.  You might want to advertise this on the main site
(currently it states that this is impossible).

You've said somewhere that you didn't/don't plan on working on this
aspect, but it is surely the "killer feature" of shed skin needed to
for it to be able to be used as pyrex is currently (optimizing bits of
larger projects).

Of course, the perfect synthesis would be to combine the two projects
into something that applied type inferencing with a fallback to python
vm when necessary .  But there is such a large gap betwixt the
twain that such dreaming is but an excercise in fantasy (there's
always pypy).

I wish I had time to help,
-Mike

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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2007-07-05, Christoph Zwerschke <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Neil Cerutti wrote:
>> The documentation for BaseException contains something that might
>> be relevant:
>> 
>>[...] If more data needs to be attached to the exception,
>>attach it through arbitrary attributes on the instance. All
>>
>> Users could get at the extra info you attached, but it wouldn't
>> be automatically displayed by the interpreter.
>
> Yes, that's the problem here. It wouldn't be displayed
> automatically and the users must be aware of this attribute.
> I'd like to have a more transparent solution.

You ought to be able to use the third arg of raise to raise a new
exception as if it were from the previous location, but now with
a new message.

You may need the traceback module to get at the error message, if
trying to read e.message can fail.

Something like this mess here: ;)

   ...
   except Exception, e:
 etype, evalue, etb = sys.exc_info()
 ex = traceback.format_exception_only(etype, evalue)
 message = ex[0].partition(':')[2].strip()
 raise etype, message+". Sorry!", etb

Note that the above will break for SyntaxError (who's message
contains more than one line) and any kind of exception that
doesn't inherit from Exception.

You might need some crufty try, finally to avoid having a
circular reference hang around, according to the docs for
sys.exc_info.

-- 
Neil Cerutti
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Callback scoping

[Dan]

So, I think I understand what python's scoping is doing in the
following situation:
>>> x = [ lambda: ind for ind in range(10) ]
>>> x
[ at 0x00BEC070>,  at 0x00BEC7F0>,
 at 0x00BECA70>,  at 0x00C1EBF0>,
 at 0x00C1EE30>,  at 0x00C228F0>,
 at 0x00C228B0>,  at 0x00C28730>,
 at 0x00C286F0>,  at 0x00C287F0>]
>>> x[0]()
9
>>> x[5]()
9
>>> x[9]()
9
>>> ind
9
>>> ind = 2
>>> x[0]()
2
>>>

But, I'm wondering what is the easiest (and/or most pythonic) way to
get the behavior I want? (If you haven't guessed, I want a list of (no
parameter) functions, each of which returns its index in the list.)

-Dan

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Re: Proposal: s1.intersects(s2)

[Christoph Zwerschke]

Nis Jørgensen wrote:
> The problem is, these functions can be read as "X is [consisting only
> of] digit[s]", "X is lower [case]" etc, where the bits in brackets have
> been removed for brewity. In the case of "s1 is intersect s2" there is
> no way I can see of adding words to get a correct sentence. The
> "obvious" naming is "s1.intersects(s2)" which reads as "s1 intersects
> s2", a perfectly cromulent sentence.

Agree. A possible alternative would be "s1.hasintersection(s2)", but 
s1.intersects(s2) is ok as well.

-- Chris
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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[Jean-Paul Calderone]

On Thu, 05 Jul 2007 18:56:49 -, _spitFIRE <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>On Jul 5, 1:34 pm, "Jeff McNeil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>> If you just want to send mail, you should be able to use the standard
>> smtplib module (http://docs.python.org/lib/module-smtplib.html). If
>> your recipients are on the Internet, you would need to handle MX
>> resolution yourself.
>>
>
>How complicated is to handle the MX resolution by myself? I'm sorry
>that I don't have a clue regarding that. Any pointers would be greatly
>appreciated.

You need to do a DNS MX lookup.  There's nothing in the Python stdlib
which provides this functionality.  There are several libraries available
which do this, though (Twisted among them ;).  You can probably find them
with a little googling.  Beyond that, the rules for processing MX records
are simple and it's not much work to pick the right host once you can do
the MX lookups.

Jean-Paul
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Re: PEP 3107 and stronger typing (note: probably a newbie question)

[Donn Cave]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
 Paul Boddie <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> However, it's interesting to consider the work that sometimes needs to
> go in to specify data structures in some languages - thinking of ML
> and friends, as opposed to Java and friends. The campaign for optional
> static typing in Python rapidly became bogged down in this matter,
> fearing that any resulting specification for type information might
> not be the right combination of flexible and powerful to fit in with
> the rest of the language, and that's how we really ended up with PEP
> 3107: make the semantics vague and pretend it has nothing to do with
> types, thus avoiding the issue completely.

I missed the campaign for optional static typing, must have been
waged in the developer list.  Unless it was not much more than
some on-line musings from GvR a year or two ago.  I don't see
how it could ever get anywhere without offending a lot of the
Python crowd, however well designed, so I can see why someone
might try to sneak it past by pretending it has nothing to do
with types.  But he didn't -- look at the examples, I think he
rather overstates the potential for static typing applications.

   Donn Cave, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Re: Where is the syntax for the dict() constructor ?!

[Neil Cerutti]

On 2007-07-05, Captain Poutine <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> "Reader objects (DictReader instances and objects returned by
> the reader() function) have the following public methods:

Lucky for you and me, Peter Otten corrected my mistaken advice.

> next( )
>  Return the next row of the reader's iterable object as a list, 
> parsed according to the current dialect."
>
> But that's not enough information for me to use.  Also, the doc
> says basically "csv has dialects," but doesn't even enumerate
> them.  Where is the real documentation?

It's referring to the fact that csv has no standard to adhere to,
so sometimes slightly different ways of quoting and escaping
appear in csv files. Apart from that, through configuring a new
dialect you can use csv to parse many kinds of delimited data
files, not just csv as written by MS apps.

Mostly you can use the default 'excel' dialect and be quite
happy, since Excel is the main reason anybody still cares about
this unecessarily hard to parse (it requires more than one
character of lookahead for no reason except bad design) data
format.

See Library Reference 9.1.2 Dialects and Formatting Paremeters
for an explanation of what can be configured.

> Also, when I do a print of row, it comes out as:
> ['12345', 'ET']
>
> But there are no quotes around the number in the file.  Why is
> Python making it a string?

It's a string to start with, since it comes from a text file.
Besides, a string is an excellent epresentation for a zip code,
since arithmetic upon them is unthinkable.

I shared your frustration with the csv module docs when I first
read them. But happily you can skip them and just read
the easily adapted examples (9.1.5 Examples).

-- 
Neil Cerutti
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Extracting arbitrary amounts of data from a dictionary.

[robinsiebler]

I had nothing better to do, so I thought I would make a database that
contained the songs played on the internet radio station I listen to
(hardradio.com) so I could see how many differents songs/artists they
played.  I stored the data like this:

dates = {} #; year = {}; week = {}; date = {}; artist = []; song =
{}
#dates = {'2007': {'25': {'06/23/07': {'aerosmith': [{'sweet
emotion': 1}, {'dream on': 2}],
#'Metallica':
[{'Fade to Black': 1}, {'Master of Puppets': 1}]},
# 'last_song': 'Master of Puppets'}}}


So I end up with a the number of times any given song by a given
artist is played in a day.  Want I want to do is to be able to print
out a report for X number of weeks and I am trying to determine the
best way to interate through the 'week' key of the dictionary.

For example, this is week 27, the dictonary has 6 'week' keys and I
want the data from the last 3 weeks.  Is this the best way to iterate
through the dictionary?

   for date in dates[year][week].keys()[-3]:

Or is there a better way with all the new features that have been
added to Python?

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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[Jeff McNeil]

Inline...

On 7/5/07, _spitFIRE <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> On Jul 5, 1:34 pm, "Jeff McNeil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > If you just want to send mail, you should be able to use the standard
> > smtplib module (http://docs.python.org/lib/module-smtplib.html). If
> > your recipients are on the Internet, you would need to handle MX
> > resolution yourself.
> >
>
> How complicated is to handle the MX resolution by myself? I'm sorry
> that I don't have a clue regarding that. Any pointers would be greatly
> appreciated.

You could try pyDNS (http://pydns.sourceforge.net).  You should simply
be able to call the 'DNS.mxlookup' function.  The other option would
be twisted.names...

>
> > I know you said you want to avoid a relay server, but it's probably
> > the best bet unless you control the SMTP infrastructure or are simply
> > sending messages locally.
>
> The problem is that with the scenario I'm faced with, I don't have any
> reliable SMTP server that I can use. Hence, I though I will spawn my
> own light-weight SMTP server that can send mails to the people I want,
> on the Internet. But, from what you are saying it seems, it might not
> be that light weight after all!

What about simply running an SMTP server on the machine running your
application? Is that a possible approach?

>
> > Otherwise, you'll probably need to also
> > implement queuing and retry logic (depending on your requirements).
>
> Isn't there a library module that can help me implement all this?

Not that I know of.  The protocol is standard, the queuing and retry
logic, not so much.  Someone else may know more than I, though.

>
> > There are also some warning lights that may go off and flag your mail
> > as spam if you're using a method like that...
> >
> > -Jeff
>
> Would you please fill me in with some pointers as to why my mail might
> get flagged as spam? Would it be considered spam even if I've a valid
> from address, and a proper message/subject? Does the spam filter also
> rely on the sending server's DNS etc because of which you say it might
> get flagged as spam?
>

http://mtamark.space.net/draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-04.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework

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>
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Re: Re-raising exceptions with modified message

[Christoph Zwerschke]

Neil Cerutti wrote:
> You may need the traceback module to get at the error message, if
> trying to read e.message can fail.
> 
> Something like this mess here: ;)
> 
>...
>except Exception, e:
>  etype, evalue, etb = sys.exc_info()
>  ex = traceback.format_exception_only(etype, evalue)
>  message = ex[0].partition(':')[2].strip()
>  raise etype, message+". Sorry!", etb
> 
> Note that the above will break for SyntaxError (who's message
> contains more than one line) and any kind of exception that
> doesn't inherit from Exception.

That's actually similar to what I was using in Kid already.

The problem is that there are some Exceptions which cannot be 
instantiated with a single string argument, such as UnicodeDeocdeError.
Please try the above with "unicode('\xe4')" instead of the dots.
Instead of re-raising the UnicodeDecodeError, you will get a TypeError 
because of this problem.

-- Chris

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Re: need help with converting c function to python function

[Anton Vredegoor]

In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, 
[EMAIL PROTECTED] says...

> i have a c function from some modbus documentation that i need to
> translate into python.
> 
> it looks like this:
> 
> 
> unsigned short CRC16(puchMsg, usDataLen)
> unsigned char *puchMsg ;
> unsigned short usDataLen ;
> {
>unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF ;
>unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF ;
>unsigned uIndex ;
>while (usDataLen--)
>{
>uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ;
>uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex} ;
>uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex] ;
>}
>return (uchCRCHi << 8 | uchCRCLo) ;
> }
> 
> some of it i can make out, but i can't seem to figgure out
> this part ' auchCRCHi[uIndex};
> it looks like a typo, because there is a closing } that does not match
> the opening [.
> 
> 
> here is what i have so far, but is not giving me the right values
> 
>  def crc16(data):
>  crc_hi = 0xff
>  crc_lo = 0xff
>  for x in data:
>  crc_index = crc_hi ^ x
>  crc_hi = crc_lo ^ (crc_hi | crc_index)
>  crc_lo = crc_lo | crc_index
>  return (crc_hi << 8 | crc_lo)
> 
> whaddya think?

Use lateral thinking. CRC usually means some standard data checking 
algorithm. If you google for crc16 you will find various python 
implementations. Off hand I would first try this one because he seems to 
have been thinking about it:

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-September/342097.html

But I don't really know what it is you are looking for, cyclic 
redundancy check?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check

A.
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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[_spitFIRE]

On Jul 5, 2:21 pm, Jean-Paul Calderone <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> You need to do a DNS MX lookup.  There's nothing in the Python stdlib
> which provides this functionality.  There are several libraries available
> which do this, though (Twisted among them ;).  You can probably find them
> with a little googling.  Beyond that, the rules for processing MX records
> are simple and it's not much work to pick the right host once you can do
> the MX lookups.
>
> Jean-Paul

Thanks for the pointer. However, as I said currently, I can't use
anything other than the standard libraries.

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Re: SMTP server w/o using Twisted framework

[_spitFIRE]

On Jul 5, 2:37 pm, "Jeff McNeil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> You could try pyDNS (http://pydns.sourceforge.net).  You should simply
> be able to call the 'DNS.mxlookup' function.  The other option would
> be twisted.names...
>

Thanks for the pointers.

> What about simply running an SMTP server on the machine running your
> application? Is that a possible approach?
>

  I guess that would be my last resort :)

> Not that I know of.  The protocol is standard, the queuing and retry
> logic, not so much.  Someone else may know more than I, though.
>

  I understand what you are saying. I guess, I would fall back to my
last option!

> http://mtamark.space.net/draft-stumpf-dns-mtamark-04.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework
>
> > --
> >http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

  Thanks, once again.

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