Re: Replacement Email Client
On Tuesday, 27 Oct 2020 at 22:22, Jeremy Nicoll wrote: > In my experience such mails are usually forwarded jokes etc, and > another problem is that they often contain forwards of forwards > of forwards (etc) with nested sets of attachments (as a succession This has finally led me to find a positive outcome of social media (Facebook etc.): I no longer get these emails! :-) -- Eric S Fraga via Emacs 28.0.50 & org 9.4 on Debian bullseye/sid
Can nginx "events" block be configured in an include file?
tl;dr: I need to increase worker_connections on my nginx servers, but
don't want to edit the debian-provided nginx.conf due to that causing
future upgrade hassles. Is this possible?
Long version:
I've got a couple servers running a somewhat convoluted web app
deployment, with nginx at the front end. Every so often, one of the
nginx instances will lock up and start logging "768 worker_connections
are not enough" messages on every request.
After some searches and double-checking that there aren't any loops in
my nginx config, I've come to the conclusion that 768 is an absurdly low
default for production servers - one source said that "over 9000" is
appropriate for most sites that see significant traffic.
So I'm thinking I should probably raise it. However, when I tried
raising it from conf.d, nginx failed to start, with the error
[emerg] 25402#25402: "events" directive is not allowed here in
/etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite.conf:1
conf.d/mysite.conf contains only:
---
events {
worker_connections 10240;
# multi_accept on;
}
---
I also tried moving that config file to modules-enabled/ and it at least
gave me a different error message:
[emerg] 14914#14914: "events" directive is duplicate in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:6
so it apparently accepted my events block, then choked on the default
one.
Is there any way to accomplish this using only new files of my own
creation, while leaving all debian-provided config files in a pristine
state?
I know I could change it directly in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, but
a) That would potentially generate conflicts with new debian-provided
versions of nginx.conf whenever the package is upgraded
b) My site-specific config files are generated from templates, meaning
that I'd then need to keep the template in sync with any debian-
provided changes, or go outside the existing system and have to
remember to manually tweak nginx.conf every time I make a new server
or upgrade an existing one
and I would greatly prefer a one-time change which doesn't lead to
either of those ongoing maintenance concerns.
--
Dave Sherohman
Re: Is there such a thing as a Debian blend for a MacBook Air 1,1 and/or Mac boxes in general? ...
> sudo modprobe b43 Doesn't show to me anything. and > ip l displays a sequence of 0:0:0:0:0: ... chars which don't look like a MAC address or any of such things lbrtchx
Re: Mounting a USB device
I have a straightforward need to backup the current system to a portable drive before getting an up to date Debian distribution installed on a new machine. As previously mentioned, system backups have been successfully carried out on a regular basis for years to an NTFS portable drive in a USB 3 port. Recently there was a problem with the USB 3 port and it was also found that the portable drive had become corrupted. Hence a new NTFS portable drive was bought to do the backups. A backup was attempted using the new drive in another USB port. However the manual mount command failed :- # mount /media/backup Failed to write lock '/dev/sde1': Resource temporarily unavailable Error opening '/dev/sde1': Resource temporarily unavailable Failed to mount '/dev/sde1': Resource temporarily unavailable The drive was unplugged from the port without a manual unmount being performed as it was assumed the drive had not been mounted. Maybe, however, the new drive was automatically mounted by the usbmount system (to /media/usb0 ?) when it was plugged in. In any case the drive should have been manually unmounted before it was unplugged. The above mount command is exactly the same as the mount command used whenever the old drive was mounted. The old drive has an entry in /etc/fstab so the system knew about the mount parameters for the old drive. However the new drive does not have an entry in /etc/fstab and the system would surely be confused by the above mount command. Furthermore, a card reader was then plugged into the port vacated by the new drive. An SD card was then inserted into the card reader. Normally the system would then automatically mount the SD card, but it didn't. Some days later, another card reader was plugged into that port and the SD card inserted into the card reader. This time the card was automatically mounted. So there are several happenings above which I do not really understand. This makes me concerned about how to perform the vital backup needed before a new system can be set up. The backup itself is performed using a 'tar -cvpf' type of command.
Re: Can nginx "events" block be configured in an include file?
On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 03:35:58AM -0600, Dave Sherohman wrote: > tl;dr: I need to increase worker_connections on my nginx servers, but > don't want to edit the debian-provided nginx.conf due to that causing > future upgrade hassles. Is this possible? > Is there any way to accomplish this using only new files of my own > creation, while leaving all debian-provided config files in a pristine > state? No. You will have to edit the nginx.conf file, and this could, in theory, cause you to need to merge new versions of the nginx.conf file on release upgrades. Basically, any section of the nginx.conf file can be split out into its own separate file, and replaced with an "include" directive in the main file. So, copy the "events" block from nginx.conf into your own file with whatever name you like, and then replace that block with "include /etc/nginx/yourfile;" in nginx.conf. Now you can edit yourfile however often you like without needing to touch nginx.conf any more, at least until a release upgrade.
Re: Can nginx "events" block be configured in an include file?
On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 07:57:40AM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 03:35:58AM -0600, Dave Sherohman wrote: > > tl;dr: I need to increase worker_connections on my nginx servers, but > > don't want to edit the debian-provided nginx.conf due to that causing > > future upgrade hassles. Is this possible? > No. Ah, well. That's what I expected, but thanks for confirming it. Another (off-list) reply suggested using a script to edit nginx.conf rather than doing it by hand, which looks like the best solution for my specific case. My site-specific config files are generated from templates using a Perl deployment script, and I also have hooks there which I can use to edit nginx.conf without needing to generate the whole thing from a template, and that will also handle nginx config changes coming from debian by re-patching the config the next time we deploy. -- Dave Sherohman
Re: Mounting a USB device
On 11/3/20 2:28 PM, Mick Ab wrote: The backup itself is performed using a 'tar -cvpf' type of command - maybe "rsync" is worth a look . rgds
Re: Mounting a USB device
On 2020-11-03 at 09:03, ellanios82 wrote: > On 11/3/20 2:28 PM, Mick Ab wrote: > >> The backup itself is performed using a 'tar -cvpf' type of command > > - maybe "rsync" is worth a look All else being equal I'd agree, but this is backing up to a NTFS filesystem, which doesn't support the type of ownership and permissions information that's likely to be available on the source filesystem; in that scenario, backing up file-to-file (as with rsync) will lose that metadata, whereas a tarball will preserve it. -- The Wanderer The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: Can nginx "events" block be configured in an include file?
On Tue 03 Nov 2020 at 08:03:24 (-0600), Dave Sherohman wrote:
> On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 07:57:40AM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 03:35:58AM -0600, Dave Sherohman wrote:
> > > tl;dr: I need to increase worker_connections on my nginx servers, but
> > > don't want to edit the debian-provided nginx.conf due to that causing
> > > future upgrade hassles. Is this possible?
>
> > No.
>
> Ah, well. That's what I expected, but thanks for confirming it.
>
> Another (off-list) reply suggested using a script to edit nginx.conf
> rather than doing it by hand, which looks like the best solution for my
> specific case.
I obviously haven't seen that suggestion, but why write a script
yourself when software exists to do that already.
Keep a copy of the original file, and then edit the file so that it
works in the way you require. Now run diff on the two files and
keep the output.
When the package is upgraded and your configuration is modified,¹
you can feed the new file and your diff file into patch, which
will merge them to produce the new configuration +with+ your edits.
Before you do any of this, read man patch to get an overview
of what patch can do for you.
> My site-specific config files are generated from
> templates using a Perl deployment script, and I also have hooks there
> which I can use to edit nginx.conf without needing to generate the whole
> thing from a template, and that will also handle nginx config changes
> coming from debian by re-patching the config the next time we deploy.
Patch, of course, has the same pedigree as Perl, both being creations
of Larry Wall.
¹ If your configuration file is actually a package's conffile,
then much of the work above will be duplicated by the
installation scripts using the conffile.dpkg-{old,new,tmp}
mechanism.
Cheers,
David.
Re: Mounting a USB device
Thanks for the suggestion re rsync, but using tar has been successful with a NTFS drive many times. On 3 Nov 2020 14:11, "The Wanderer" wrote: > On 2020-11-03 at 09:03, ellanios82 wrote: > > > On 11/3/20 2:28 PM, Mick Ab wrote: > > > >> The backup itself is performed using a 'tar -cvpf' type of command > > > > - maybe "rsync" is worth a look > > All else being equal I'd agree, but this is backing up to a NTFS > filesystem, which doesn't support the type of ownership and permissions > information that's likely to be available on the source filesystem; in > that scenario, backing up file-to-file (as with rsync) will lose that > metadata, whereas a tarball will preserve it. > > -- >The Wanderer > > The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one > persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all > progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw > >
Re: Mounting a USB device
On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 16:12:27 + Mick Ab wrote: > Thanks for the suggestion re rsync, but using tar has been successful > with a NTFS drive many times. Another possibility is to get rid of NTFS, and replace it with an encrypted ext4 partition. Then you can use something like rsnapshot to automate the backup process entirely. This gives you backups in depth: several months of back versions of files, with deduplication. Create a partition: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2019/Nov/29/encrypting-an-external-partition/ Scripts to mount and umount the partition: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2020/Jan/01/mounting-an-encrypted-external-partition/ Some more general thoughts on backups: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2019/Nov/02/backups-on-linux/ -- Does anybody read signatures any more? https://charlescurley.com https://charlescurley.com/blog/
Re: Mounting a USB device
On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 10:09:02 -0700 Charles Curley wrote: > On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 16:12:27 + > Mick Ab wrote: > > > Thanks for the suggestion re rsync, but using tar has been > > successful with a NTFS drive many times. > > Another possibility is to get rid of NTFS, and replace it with an > encrypted ext4 partition. Those of us who use NTFS do so deliberately to provide compatibility with Windows. It's not that long ago that Linux NTFS support was a bit flaky, so we don't do it solely by our own choice. I have a 4GB VeraCrypt file which I open in either Linux or Windows on my dual-boot netbook. NTFS is the only possible choice. And no, don't suggest an ext4 implementation on Windows. I want something solid. -- Joe
Re: Mounting a USB device
On Tue 03 Nov 2020 at 17:34:48 (+), Joe wrote: > Those of us who use NTFS do so deliberately to provide compatibility > with Windows. It's not that long ago that Linux NTFS support was a bit > flaky, so we don't do it solely by our own choice. > > I have a 4GB VeraCrypt file which I open in either Linux or Windows on > my dual-boot netbook. NTFS is the only possible choice. > > And no, don't suggest an ext4 implementation on Windows. I want > something solid. Do you have any recommendations on instructions for installing the veracrypt software (as Debian doesn't support it). Do you run the GUI version or plain? Have you run it on an encrypted partition rather than just a file? If so, would you recommend creating the partition container in linux and then letting windows create the NTFS filesystem? (Or else what; can windows do both?) Cheers, David.
Re: Mounting a USB device
On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 14:45:41 -0600 David Wright wrote: > On Tue 03 Nov 2020 at 17:34:48 (+), Joe wrote: > > > Those of us who use NTFS do so deliberately to provide compatibility > > with Windows. It's not that long ago that Linux NTFS support was a > > bit flaky, so we don't do it solely by our own choice. > > > > I have a 4GB VeraCrypt file which I open in either Linux or Windows > > on my dual-boot netbook. NTFS is the only possible choice. > > > > And no, don't suggest an ext4 implementation on Windows. I want > > something solid. > > Do you have any recommendations on instructions for installing > the veracrypt software (as Debian doesn't support it). I got it from the veracrypt.fr website as a .deb for stretch. > > Do you run the GUI version or plain? GUI. It doesn't really make sense to use different interfaces for Windows and Linux, just because I can. > > Have you run it on an encrypted partition rather than just a file? No, I specifically wanted a container in a file, and only TrueCrypt and later VeraCrypt seemed to do that. Other encryption systems were for partitions, which was not my application. I wanted a subset of data on my laptop and netbook to be encrypted in case of loss or theft, but in a block that could be written to DVD, therefore a file of around 4GB. Yes, some of us still use them. They're very cheap and it's a simple backup method. Depending on how I'm working, I might burn a disk every couple of days (syncing daily to my server) or once a month. My netbook doesn't have a drive but that's not a problem. It has taken me a couple of years to fill 4GB (I'm not into multimedia), at which point I just started another one. > If so, would you recommend creating the partition container in > linux and then letting windows create the NTFS filesystem? > (Or else what; can windows do both?) No, it's just a file within a Windows NTFS filesystem. I trust the current Linux NTFS implementation for writing (it wasn't that long ago it was recommended as read-only) but as a matter of policy, I would format an NTFS device under Windows. A few of my USB sticks have NTFS partitions, again for compatibility. As it happened, the VC container was made under Windows. -- Joe
Re: Mounting a USB device
On 4/11/20 4:09 am, Charles Curley wrote: On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 16:12:27 + Mick Ab wrote: Thanks for the suggestion re rsync, but using tar has been successful with a NTFS drive many times. Another possibility is to get rid of NTFS, and replace it with an encrypted ext4 partition. Then you can use something like rsnapshot to automate the backup process entirely. This gives you backups in depth: several months of back versions of files, with deduplication. Create a partition: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2019/Nov/29/encrypting-an-external-partition/ Scripts to mount and umount the partition: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2020/Jan/01/mounting-an-encrypted-external-partition/ Some more general thoughts on backups: https://charlescurley.com/blog/posts/2019/Nov/02/backups-on-linux/ Thanks for these links, Charles. The partition creation went well. The scripts look interesting, but I haven't tried them yet. The thoughts about when/why back up are more food for thought. Thanks for your efforts -- Keith Bainbridge ke1thozgro...@gmx.com
Re: Mounting a USB device
On Tue 03 Nov 2020 at 23:33:33 (+), Joe wrote: > On Tue, 3 Nov 2020 14:45:41 -0600 David Wright wrote: > > On Tue 03 Nov 2020 at 17:34:48 (+), Joe wrote: > > > > > Those of us who use NTFS do so deliberately to provide compatibility > > > with Windows. It's not that long ago that Linux NTFS support was a > > > bit flaky, so we don't do it solely by our own choice. > > > > > > I have a 4GB VeraCrypt file which I open in either Linux or Windows > > > on my dual-boot netbook. NTFS is the only possible choice. > > > > > > And no, don't suggest an ext4 implementation on Windows. I want > > > something solid. > > > > Do you have any recommendations on instructions for installing > > the veracrypt software (as Debian doesn't support it). > > I got it from the veracrypt.fr website as a .deb for stretch. Thanks for that information. I'll take a good look at the windows side as that's what my other half would be using, were we to go that way. Cheers, David.
Re: Can nginx "events" block be configured in an include file?
On Ma, 03 nov 20, 08:03:24, Dave Sherohman wrote: > On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 07:57:40AM -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > > On Tue, Nov 03, 2020 at 03:35:58AM -0600, Dave Sherohman wrote: > > > tl;dr: I need to increase worker_connections on my nginx servers, but > > > don't want to edit the debian-provided nginx.conf due to that causing > > > future upgrade hassles. Is this possible? > > > No. > > Ah, well. That's what I expected, but thanks for confirming it. > > Another (off-list) reply suggested using a script to edit nginx.conf > rather than doing it by hand, which looks like the best solution for my > specific case. My site-specific config files are generated from > templates using a Perl deployment script, and I also have hooks there > which I can use to edit nginx.conf without needing to generate the whole > thing from a template, and that will also handle nginx config changes > coming from debian by re-patching the config the next time we deploy. Since you're already using Perl, it seems that Config::Model (package libconfig-model-perl) can be used to automate configuration updates on package upgrade. Kind regards, Andrei -- http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser signature.asc Description: PGP signature
