Dave,
Here is my current setup, which I'll explain in a minute. This is
based on a
Linux only system being used for NFS and using samba for selective
directories on a small LAN. This is a 2.5G drive(hda) along with a second
IDE drive(hdb=800M). Where I show /export/dir you can remove the export,
eg, /export/home -> /home.
[wegster@sol wegster]$ df -k
Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on
/dev/hda5 81944 21507 56205 28% /
/dev/hda8 499620 458598 15219 97% /export/archive
/dev/hdb1 806757 475512 289566 62% /export/opt
/dev/hda6 745326 118906 587916 17% /export/home
/dev/hda7 796033 700256 54653 93% /export/usr
/dev/hda10 78047 27 73990 0% /tmp
/dev/hda9 132703 11601 114250 9% /var
Also, I have 80M swap space.
The root dir / is probably a bit larger than it needs to be but I'm a bit on
the careful side when it comes to avoiding root partition filling up.
/export/archive you can ignore, it's a samba share for the lan.
/export/opt you may or may not decide to put into a seperate partition,
depending on your method of installing software../opt is traditioanlly for
installing optional packages, but I tend to use it as a catchall under
Linux, more like an NFS'ed /usr/local.
/home: Be generous if you plan on doing a lot of development or supporting
multiple users. This LAN is
primarily for my own use, but it would likely be larger or have other
partitions mounted as /home1, /home2 etc were that not the case.
/usr: Again, make SURE you give enough room here-figure out what packages
you are going to install, and estimate how much space they will
take-remember, this includes /usr/lib, /usr/include, X binaries, and 95% of
the user programs you will want to run. Double the number for space you
come up with if you can afford to.
/tmp: Doesnt need its own dir, in my case is fine for a few users. A LOT of
programs use /tmp for temp file creation or storage, such as vi- it creates
a 'working copy' of any file you attempt to view, and on large files you may
see the message: out of disk space if /tmp is small.
/var: Your log files- almost everything thats capable of logging logs
somewhere under /var. This is a good thing, and you can trim down the
amount of daemon and system logging fairly easily, but again I don't like to
have /var on the same partition as /.
swap space: Some people like to multiply their avalable memory by 2, I tend
to think it again is highly dependant on the system's use. This system has
64M RAM, runs a mostly idle web server, NFS server, and a few minor
programs, no X is run directly on this system. My development system has
64M RAM and 128M swap, which runs X constantly along w/KDE, netscape, and
goes through some decent sized compiles. X windows and a few clients tend
to want ~40M or so, more when you run netscape. If you have only 16 or 32M
of real memory, then definitely at LEAST double your memory for swap if
you'll be running X or compiling.
There are plently of people out there running single partition Linux
installations, which is fine if it works for them, and there are advantages
and disadvatages to each way(OK, so I can only think of one advantage for
one partition!)
Advantages:
Multiple partitions:
easier to do selective upgrades, reinstalls- unmount /home and /opt,
reinstall, remount!
Less chance of filling up your root partition, which can cause your
system to lock solid.
Better disk crash recovery
Single:
Hmm, no thinking about it, just do it.
The big 'disadvantage' in multiple partitions is that you either need to
think it out well in advance, or may wind up redoing it later. It also
depends on your available disk space obviously..:)
Anyways, my minimal preferred setup for single user:
/ 40M (DEFINITELY more if /tmp and /var are on same
partition!! 100M+ min then)
/usr 500M assuming X, most 'normal' Unix tools incl gcc/g++,
perl, etc.
/tmp 50M people will argue with this one, but it just depends
on what you'll be running
and how active your system is(# of running
processes, type etc)
/var 50M Jsut keep an eye on it, some of the Linux daemons
like to 'spew' by default!
/home 200M Whatever you have left or feel that you need.
swap space RAM size and up You can add more swap using a swap
file if need be, do a man mkswap.
Slower than swap partition but works in a pinch!
Even if you decide to leave /tmp and /var as part of the root fs, I still
suggest making /home it's own partition, especially if you dont have network
connectivity or a tape backup in case you ever reinstall-it's pretty harsh
to do a reinstall and then realize that you didn't back up some work and
just wrote over it!
Further refs: RH manual, Solaris manual, or df -k and mount output from a
similar machine :)
Hope this helps out somewhat. I'm sure some people will argue with some of
my part. sizes or logic, but it works for me just fine and is a reasonable
'sane' setup. Cheers!
>Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 18:21:09 -0400
>From: DGM <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>Subject: Newbe: Partition recommendations?
>Message-Id: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
>I am new to the Linux world and was wondering what would be the best way to
>partition a 2Gb hard disk for installing RH-Linux 5.0
>
>>From RTFM I gather that it is best to have the root and swap spaces in
>their own partitions. Is it OK to put everything else in a third partition
>or should I partition things further. Can you give me examples and the
>reasoning for using more partitions?
>
>This is a Linux only system. I have no specific application for the system.
>I am just trying to learn more about Linux.
>
>TIA for your suggestions,
|============================================================================|
| Scott Wegener | Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] |
| Programmer Analyst |==========================================|
| Alphatronix | URL: http://members.tripod.com/~wegster |
| Research Triangle Park, NC | |
|============================================================================|
| There can be no greater Hell that that known by those who have been forced |
| to program in COBOL. |
|============================================================================|
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