Edna Bell wrote:
Dear R gurus:
Here is the following from Montgomery's Design and Analysis of
Experiments, 5th edition.
str(rout1.df)
'data.frame': 16 obs. of 3 variables:
$ resp: num 18.2 18.9 12.9 14.4 27.2 24 22.4 22.5 15.9 14.5 ...
$ A : Factor w/ 2 levels "-1","1": 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 ...
$ B : Factor w/ 2 levels "-1","1": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ...
rout1.df
resp A B
1 18.2 -1 -1
2 18.9 -1 -1
3 12.9 -1 -1
4 14.4 -1 -1
5 27.2 1 -1
6 24.0 1 -1
7 22.4 1 -1
8 22.5 1 -1
9 15.9 -1 1
10 14.5 -1 1
11 15.1 -1 1
12 14.2 -1 1
13 41.0 1 1
14 43.9 1 1
15 36.3 1 1
16 39.9 1 1
rout1.aov <- aov(resp~A*B,data=rout1.df)
summary(rout1.aov)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
A 1 1107.23 1107.23 185.252 1.175e-08 ***
B 1 227.26 227.26 38.023 4.826e-05 ***
A:B 1 303.63 303.63 50.801 1.201e-05 ***
Residuals 12 71.72 5.98
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
When you test on interaction, you reject (of course).
Now, I thought that you could not test on the main effects, A and B.
Is that true, please?
Well, you _can_, question is if you should. And if you do, what does it
mean?
It is quite instructive in this case to see what happens if you do the
same thing with lm() and treatment contrasts:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 16.100 1.222 13.171 1.70e-08 ***
factor(A)1 7.925 1.729 4.584 0.000628 ***
factor(B)1 -1.175 1.729 -0.680 0.509595
factor(A)1:factor(B)1 17.425 2.445 7.127 1.20e-05 ***
Notice how the significance of B has disappeared completely.
Things become clearer if you produce the actual table of means:
> with(df,tapply(resp,list(A=A,B=B),mean))
B
A -1 1
-1 16.100 14.925
1 24.025 40.275
The point is that lm is looking at the effect of B at A=-1, i.e. the
16.100 vs. 14.925, whereas the aov tests are based on the averages over A,
> with(df,tapply(resp,list(B=B),mean))
B
-1 1
20.0625 27.6000
However, seeing the full table, the matter seems to be that B has no
effect at A=-1, but it does at A=1, or put differently, that the effect
of A is larger when B=1 than when B=-1.
--
O__ ---- Peter Dalgaard Øster Farimagsgade 5, Entr.B
c/ /'_ --- Dept. of Biostatistics PO Box 2099, 1014 Cph. K
(*) \(*) -- University of Copenhagen Denmark Ph: (+45) 35327918
~~~~~~~~~~ - ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) FAX: (+45) 35327907
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