Thank you much, this was very helpful. Jim’s and Daniel’s code was spot on.
Indeed, as Jeff Newmiller pointed out, one of the problems was that I assumed that R could recognise decimals - I did as Richard O’Keefe suggested and the problem was gone. Thanks again! Faradj > On 21 Jul 2019, at 03:36, Richard O'Keefe <rao...@gmail.com> wrote: > > If "Fardadj was expecting R to recognise the comma as the decimal" > then it might be worth mentioning the 'dec = "."' argument of > read.table and its friends. > > > On Sun, 21 Jul 2019 at 12:48, Jeff Newmiller <jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.us > <mailto:jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.us>> wrote: > It is possible that part of the original problem was that Fardadj was > expecting R to recognise the comma as the decimal and he read in that column > as a factor without realizing it. Factors are discrete, not continuous. > > He should use the str() function to identify the column types in his data > frame. > > On July 20, 2019 6:17:19 PM CDT, Jim Lemon <drjimle...@gmail.com > <mailto:drjimle...@gmail.com>> wrote: > >Hi Faradj, > >Rui's advice is correct, here's a way to do it. Note that I have > >replaced the comma decimal points with full stops for my convenience: > > > >fkdf<-read.csv(text="Year,Country,X1,X2 > >1990,United States,0,0.22 > >1991,United States,0,0.22 > >1992,United States,0,0.22 > >1993,United States,0,0.22 > >1994,United States,0,0.22 > >1995,United States,0,0.22 > >1996,United States,0,0.22 > >1997,United States,0,0.5 > >1998,United States,0,0.5 > >1999,United States,0,0.5 > >2000,United States,0,0.5 > >2001,United States,0,0.5 > >2002,United States,2,NA > >2003,United States,2,0.5 > >2004,United States,2,1 > >2005,United States,1,1 > >2006,United States,1,1 > >2007,United States,1,1 > >2008,United States,1,1 > >2009,United States,1,1 > >2010,United States,1,0.5 > >2011,United States,0,0.5 > >1990,Canada,1,1.5 > >1991,Canada,1,1.5 > >1992,Canada,1,NA > >1993,Canada,1,1.5 > >1994,Canada,1,1.5 > >1995,Canada,1,1.5 > >1996,Canada,1,1.5 > >1997,Canada,1,1.5 > >1998,Canada,1,2 > >1999,Canada,2,2 > >2000,Canada,2,2 > >2001,Canada,2,2 > >2002,Canada,2,2 > >2003,Canada,1,2 > >2004,Canada,2,0.5 > >2005,Canada,1,0.5 > >2006,Canada,0,0.5 > >2007,Canada,1,0.5 > >2008,Canada,0,0.5 > >2009,Canada,1,0.5 > >2010,Canada,1,0.5 > >2011,Canada,0,1", > >header=TRUE,stringsAsFactors=FALSE) > >diffX1<-aggregate(fkdf$X1,by=list(fkdf[,2]),FUN=diff) > >diffX2<-aggregate(fkdf$X2,by=list(fkdf[,2]),FUN=diff) > >diffX1<-data.frame(diffX1$Group.1,diffX1$x) > >diffyears<-unique(fkdf$Year)[-1] > >names(diffX1)<-c("Country",diffyears) > >diffX2<-data.frame(diffX2$Group.1,diffX2$x) > >names(diffX2)<-c("Country",diffyears) > > > >Jim > > > >On Sun, Jul 21, 2019 at 5:34 AM Faradj Koliev <farad...@gmail.com > ><mailto:farad...@gmail.com>> > >wrote: > >> > >> Dear R-users, > >> > >> I have a country-year data for 180 countries from 1970 to 2010. I’m > >interested in capturing positive and negative changes in some of the > >variables. Some of these variables are continuous (0,25, 0,33, 1, 1,5 > >etc) others are ordered (0,1, 2). > >> > >> To do this, I use this code data$X1_change<- +c(FALSE,diff(data$X1)) > >> > >> My data looks something like this (please see below). > >> > >> There’re some problems with this code: (1) I can’t capture the > >smaller changes, say from 0,25 to 0,33 ( I get weird numbers). I would > >love to get the exact difference ( for ex: +1, -0,22, +4, -2 etc). (2) > >It can’t make difference between countries. That is, it takes the > >difference between countries while it should only do this for each > >country ( for ex: when the US ends in 2011, and Canada starts, it > >counts this a difference but it shouldn’t, see below). (3) NAs, missing > >values, is neither a positive or negative change, although it does > >think that what comes after the NA is a difference. > >> > >> So, I wonder if anyone here can help me to adjust this code. I > >appreciate all comments. > >> > >> > >> Year > >> Country > >> X1 > >> X2 > >> 1990 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1991 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1992 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1993 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1994 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1995 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1996 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,22 > >> 1997 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 1998 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 1999 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 2000 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 2001 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 2002 > >> United States > >> 2 > >> NA > >> 2003 > >> United States > >> 2 > >> 0,5 > >> 2004 > >> United States > >> 2 > >> 1 > >> 2005 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 1 > >> 2006 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 1 > >> 2007 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 1 > >> 2008 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 1 > >> 2009 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 1 > >> 2010 > >> United States > >> 1 > >> 0,5 > >> 2011 > >> United States > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 1990 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1991 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1992 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> NA > >> 1993 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1994 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1995 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1996 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1997 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 1,5 > >> 1998 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 2 > >> 1999 > >> Canada > >> 2 > >> 2 > >> 2000 > >> Canada > >> 2 > >> 2 > >> 2001 > >> Canada > >> 2 > >> 2 > >> 2002 > >> Canada > >> 2 > >> 2 > >> 2003 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 2 > >> 2004 > >> Canada > >> 2 > >> 0,5 > >> 2005 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 0,5 > >> 2006 > >> Canada > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 2007 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 0,5 > >> 2008 > >> Canada > >> 0 > >> 0,5 > >> 2009 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 0,5 > >> 2010 > >> Canada > >> 1 > >> 0,5 > >> 2011 > >> Canada > >> 0 > >> 1 > >> [[alternative HTML version deleted]] > >> > >> ______________________________________________ > >> R-help@r-project.org <mailto:R-help@r-project.org> mailing list -- To > >> UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > >> <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help> > >> PLEASE do read the posting guide > >http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > ><http://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html> > >> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > > >______________________________________________ > >R-help@r-project.org <mailto:R-help@r-project.org> mailing list -- To > >UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > >https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > ><https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help> > >PLEASE do read the posting guide > >http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > ><http://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html> > >and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. > > -- > Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity. > > ______________________________________________ > R-help@r-project.org <mailto:R-help@r-project.org> mailing list -- To > UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help > <https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help> > PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html > <http://www.r-project.org/posting-guide.html> > and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. [[alternative HTML version deleted]] ______________________________________________ R-help@r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
