Thanks to all who responded.

I like Sarah's solution best, although it did provide only a clue. It just 
needed a little of tweak to finish with suitable solution. For the record I put 
here this tweak (it is not fully reproducible but I hope it is understandable 
and can help others too).

# make a plot
plot(prov$date, prov$fi>0)

# interactively identify starts and ends of some events
mimo <- identify(prov$datum, prov$fi>0)

# make x as a auxiliary variable
x <- 1:nrow(prov)

# factor of events
event <- cut(x, c(liche(mimo)-1, sude(mimo)))

# discard even events
levels(event)[levels(event)%in%sude(levels(event))]<-NA

Here I could change remaining levels to any sequence.

Functions sude and liche are for selecting even and odd values from vector.

> sude
function (x)
{
    indices <- seq(along = x)
    x[indices%%2 == 0]
}

> liche
function (x)
{
    indices <- seq(along = x)
    x[indices%%2 == 1]
}

Thanks again to all who helped me.

Best regards
Petr


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sarah Goslee [mailto:sarah.gos...@gmail.com]
> Sent: Friday, February 20, 2015 3:42 PM
> To: PIKAL Petr
> Cc: r-help@r-project.org
> Subject: Re: [R] irregular sequence of events
>
> Hi,
>
> On Fri, Feb 20, 2015 at 9:27 AM, PIKAL Petr <petr.pi...@precheza.cz>
> wrote:
> > Dear all
> >
> > I know I am missing something obvious but after few hours of trials I
> ask for some help.
> >
> > I have some sequence of values (days)
> > x <- 1:30
> >
> > and an indication of event start and end day mimo<-c(5,10, 13,16,
> > 21,27)
>
>
> > cut(x, mimo)
>
>  [1] <NA>    <NA>    <NA>    <NA>    <NA>    (5,10]  (5,10]  (5,10]
> (5,10]
>
> [10] (5,10]  (10,13] (10,13] (10,13] (13,16] (13,16] (13,16] (16,21]
> (16,21]
>
> [19] (16,21] (16,21] (16,21] (21,27] (21,27] (21,27] (21,27] (21,27]
> (21,27]
>
> [28] <NA>    <NA>    <NA>
>
> Levels: (5,10] (10,13] (13,16] (16,21] (21,27]
>
>
> should get you started. You'll need to tweak the arguments to get
> exactly what you want,
>
>
> > or
> >
> > events <- structure(list(start = c(5, 13, 21), end = c(10, 16, 27)),
> > .Names = c("start", "end"), row.names = c(NA, -3L), class =
> > "data.frame")
> >
> > I need to get a factor indicating event
> >
> > event <- c(rep(NA, 4), rep("A1", 6), rep(NA, 2), rep("A2", 4),
> rep(NA,
> > 4), rep("A3", 7), rep(NA,3))
> > factor(event)
> >
> > In such small example I can do it manually but I have a long vector
> of dates and would like to use start and end day of events either from
> mimo vector or from events data frame.
> >
> > Is there any function which does it automagically? I know I have seen
> it before but I cannot find it now.
> >
> > Best regards
> > Petr
> >
>
> --
> Sarah Goslee
> http://www.functionaldiversity.org

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