Greg, Ista, (or anyone else),
Let me take one last run at this problem.
Consider the following extract from the Appendix A text:
> > x <- 1:20
> > w <- 1+sqrt(x)/2
> > dummy <- data.frame(x=x, y=x+rnorm(x)*w)
> > fm <- lm(y~x, data=dummy)
> > fm1 <- lm(y~x, data=dummy, weight=1/w^2)
>
> >attach(dummy)
> /Make the columns in the data frame visible as variables. /
>
> The following object is masked_by_.GlobalEnv:
>
> x
In the above I have included only one comment, "Make the columns ...
visible as variables." from the text and
only one response, "The following object is masked by ... : x."
Stuff I don't understand:
1. The purpose of "attach" seems to be to make x and y visible but I
can already see them by entering the command "dummy" even after the
warning. So what does "attach do?
2. What I would like to see is a table with 1st column x; 2nd column y;
3rd and 4th columns predicted ys from fm and fm1; plus possibly
columns of residuals and other stuff. Such tables don't seem to be
available according to the discussion in ?lm.
3. The warning about "attach" seems to say that there is an "x" in the
Global Environment that will mask the "x" that I am using. But that
is not happening in what I see. If I enter "> x" after the warning,
I still get 1,2,3,.... as before. What is the problem?
4. If I place the above R-script in a folder other than the R-console
that comes up when I first open R will that obviate the attach
"problem."
/Stephen A Meskin/, PhD, FSA, MAAA
Adjunct Assistant Professor of Mathematics, UMBC
*Most people give you an anticipatory grin when you mention a /statistic/,
frown doubtingly when you mention the plural /statistics/, and
grunt and groan in a gurgle when you mention /a statistics course/.*//
On 5/30/2014 12:20 PM, Greg Snow wrote:
> If you pay attention and are careful not to use any variables names
> that conflict then you do not need a work around (and the conflicts
> function can help you see if there are any conflicts that you may need
> to worry about).
>
> Probably the best work around is to use the with or within function
> instead of attaching. For a couple of quick commands these work great
> and I prefer them to using attach. But, sometimes for a long sequence
> of commands attach is much more convenient and is fine to use as long
> as you recognize the potential dangers and are careful.
>
> On Thu, May 29, 2014 at 3:56 PM, Stephen Meskin <actu...@umbc.edu> wrote:
>> Thanks Greg for your response. Is there a work around?
>>
>> Of course this begs the question as to Why is attach part of the sample
>> session in App. A of the introductory manual? All the commands are directly
>> from App. A. Is it possible the configuration of R on my computer is not in
>> accord with acceptable practice? I.e. Could my configuration be set so that
>> attach works as App. A intends?
>> If not then App. A needs to be changed to replace attach.
>> If so, then App. A needs to provide instructing on appropriate configuration
>> of R for newbies.
>>
>> Stephen Meskin
>> Sent from my iPad
>>
>>> On May 29, 2014, at 1:06 PM, Greg Snow <538...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>> This is a warning and in your case would not be a problem, but it is
>>> good to think about and the reason why it is suggested that you avoid
>>> using attach and be very careful when you do use attach. What is
>>> happening is that you first created a vector named 'x' in your global
>>> workspace, you then create a data frame that contains a column that is
>>> a copy of 'x' that is also named 'x' and the data frame also has
>>> another column named 'y'. You then later attach the data frame to the
>>> search list (if you run the 'search()' command you will see your
>>> search list). This is convenient in that you can now access 'y' by
>>> typing its name instead of something like 'dummy$y', but what happens
>>> if you just type x? The issue is that there are 2 objects on your
>>> search path with that same name. For your example it will not matter
>>> much because they have the same value, but what if you run a command
>>> like 'x <- 3', now you will see a single value instead of a vector of
>>> length 20 which can lead to hard to find errors. This is why R tries
>>> to be helpful by warning you that there are multiple objects named 'x'
>>> and therefore you may not be accessing the one that you think. If you
>>> use attach without being careful it is possible to plot (or regress or
>>> ...) one variable from one dataset against another variable from a
>>> completely unrelated dataset and end up with meaningless results. So,
>>> if you use attach, be careful. You may also want to look at the
>>> followng functions for help with dealing with these issues: conflicts,
>>> find, get, with, within
>>>
>>>> On Wed, May 28, 2014 at 11:55 PM, Stephen Meskin <actu...@umbc.edu> wrote:
>>>> While following the suggestion in the manual "An Introduction to R" to
>>>> begin with Appendix A, I ran into the problem shown below about 3/4 of
>>>> the way down the 1st page of App. A.
>>>>
>>>> After using the function /attach/, I did not get visible columns in the
>>>> data frame as indicated but the rather puzzling message emphasized below.
>>>>
>>>> I am running R version 3.1.0 (2014-04-10) using Windows XP. Thanks in
>>>> advance for your help.
>>>>
>>>>>> x<-1:20
>>>>>> w<-1+sqrt(x)/2
>>>>>> dummy<-data.frame(x=x, y=x+rnorm(x)*w)
>>>>>> dummy
>>>>> x y
>>>>> 1 1 2.885347
>>>>> ...
>>>>>> fm<- lm(y ~ x, data=dummy)
>>>>>> summary(fm)
>>>>> Call:
>>>>> ...
>>>>>> fm1<- lm(y ~ x, data=dummy,weight=1/w^2)
>>>>>> summary(fm1)
>>>>> Call:
>>>>> ...
>>>>>> attach(dummy)
>>>>> *_The following object is masked _by_ .GlobalEnv:
>>>>>
>>>>> x_**_
>>>>> _*
>>>> --
>>>> /Stephen A Meskin/, PhD, FSA, MAAA
>>>> Adjunct Assistant Professor of Mathematics, UMBC
>>>>
>>>> **//
>>>>
>>>> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
>>>>
>>>> ______________________________________________
>>>> R-help@r-project.org mailing list
>>>> https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
>>>> PLEASE do read the posting guide
>>>> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
>>>> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D.
>>> 538...@gmail.com
>>>
>
>
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