On Mar 23, 2013, at 7:08 AM, Huidong Tian wrote:
> Hi,
> I want to create a data frame including a column containing some special
> characters, like "ø". when I print that data frame out, the content change
> to <U+00F8>, and when save the data frame to a txt file, the content keep in
> that style, but I need it in its original form, anybody can explain?
>
>
>> x <- data.frame(part = c("mlløs", "ny"))
>> x
> part
> 1 m<U+00E5>ll<U+00F8>s
> 2 ny
>
> x[1,1]
> [1] målløs
> Levels: m<U+00E5>ll<U+00F8>s ny
>
You have two problems. The trivial one is that by default data.frame stores
character input as factors. The more fundamental difficulty is that you do not
understand that display of characters is not the same as the internal
representation. You already have achieved your desire and do not realize it.
The number of characters in x[1,1] will be 6. Try it:
> x <- data.frame(part = c("målløs", "ny"), stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
> x
part
1 målløs
2 ny
> nchar(x[1,1])
[1] 6
Also try:
cat(x)
It's just that <U+00E5> is one way of representing a character that is not in
the font table for the device you are working on. It is a single character
internally in UTF-8 encoding. My Mac does keep the 'å' and my sans font is
Helvetica, but you may be on a machine with a different sans font.
> quartzFonts('sans')
$sans
[1] "Helvetica" "Helvetica-Bold" "Helvetica-Oblique"
[4] "Helvetica-BoldOblique"
If you are on a different interactive device you should look at its help page
to see the manner in which you change settings. For me that is
?quartz # but for you it might be ?windows
If you want to see the printed translation to the input you can try cat() or
you can print to a device that has a font with the proper glyph. The system
setting can be adjusted with the various functions that specify the fonts in
use with various devices:
?Devices
?options
?Encoding
>
> [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
You should learn to post in plain-text. (Gmail does support that choice, but
you need to make the effort.) This si a question that can be machine dependent
and for any follow-up questions you need to include the output of sessionInfo
as requested in the Posting Guide.
--
David Winsemius
Alameda, CA, USA
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