>Is there any standard statistical terminology describing the points beyond
> a confidence region?
'data'?
Sounds flippant, but even for univariate location estimates (a case where
parameter estimates and data can be compared directly) a lot of data points
are usually outside confidence regions, because confidence regions for
parameters (or response) are usually a good deal smaller than the dispersion of
data used to estimate them. Generally, though, parameters and their confidence
regions aren't necessarily in the same dimensions as the data, so it's not
meaningful to ask whether data are inside or outside the parameter confidence
region. (As a simple example, the gradient from simple linear regression has
the units of response/predictor, which is not the same units as the response or
predictor making up the data).
If you mean observations outside a prediction interval for future observations
then 'outlier' (with suitable qualification as to the criterion for identifying
points as such) is probably as good a description as any because the points are
outside the region in which your model predicts as likely.
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